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This study conducted a macro, meso, and micro index decomposition analysis of energy consumption in Ghana from 2013 to 2020, highlighting the roles of local (e.g., power crisis) and global (e.g., COVID-19) shocks, as well as energy policy initiatives on technical efficiency improvement. We found that technical efficiency improvements varied at different times of the implementation period of energy policy initiatives and across various macro, meso, and micro-sectors of the economy. Technical efficiency improvement varied significantly across these sectors but worsened much more in service sector during periods of local and global shocks. Additionally, the importance of activity, structural, and intensity effects differed over time and across the macro, meso, and micro-sectors of the economy. We discuss the policy implications of these findings. • Conducts macro, meso, and micro energy consumption decomposition. • Role of power crisis, COVID-19, and energy policies. • Revealed distinct effect patterns and impacts of shocks. • Power crisis and COVID-19 cause persistent technical inefficiency in some sectors. • TE aligns with energy policy initiatives, though some sectors experience lag effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A failure probability model for intensively used thermal power plants was developed. • Repetitive accidents were modeled with accident probability using records. • Higher probability of two or more accidents on specific plants was estimated during crisis. • Bootstrap simulation was used to estimate risk of power shortages after disaster. • Supply capacity should be underestimated during crisis to have citizens and business better prepared. Abstract The unscheduled outage of thermal power plants following the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 greatly degraded the reliability of the power supply. As thermal power plants were a major part of the supply capacity after the disaster, especially under peak load conditions, consumers located both within and outside the severely damaged area had to reduce power usage to meet power consumption targets and avoid major blackouts. Therefore, experts and decision makers should use the records available from such accidents to determine appropriate margins of supply capacity and demand constraint policy during a crisis. Here, we constructed a probability model describing the likelihood of accident occurrence for thermal power plants based on the actual accident and recovery data obtained after the Great East Japan Earthquake. The lognormal and Weibull hazard models fit the observed data well, where the accidents tended to occur for many times at the same power generation unit under heavy-duty conditions. We then applied the developed probability model to Japanese thermal power plants in a bootstrap framework to understand the potential risk of power shortages during such events and to derive policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar home systems (SHSs) are the real hope for electrification of the off-grid areas in Bangladesh by utilizing the solar energy in renewable and sustainable basis. This paper demonstrates the solar energy prospect, the present status and dissemination schemes of SHSs in off-grid and coastal areas of Bangladesh by several government and Non-government organizations (NGOs). The country has an average daily solar radiation ranges between 4–6.5 kWh/m 2 . Currently, more than 3.8 million SHSs of capacity range 10–135 Wp (watt peak) with a total capacity of 150 MW have been disseminated in rural and isolated areas in Bangladesh. In this paper, ten case studies of capacity 20 Wp, 30 Wp and 42 Wp were investigated to evaluate economic viability at two randomly selected villages in Sirajgonj district and Jessore district, Bangladesh. The analysis showed that the SHSs for small business enterprise and household with small income generation are economically viable rather than only household lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Power crisis today contains not only the phenomenal of power storage, but also the problem of environment pollution caused by electric power industry. China has experienced fast development in the past 30 years and correspondingly, people''s living level is higher than the past. As a result, with the fast development of economy, the people''s demand on energy and power is more and larger than the past. In practice, although the burden of power supply has released in certain degree via building more power stations, power crisis is still in existence because of the flaw in electricity industry structure and technique aspects. In the paper, we analyze national stage of China in electricity industry aspect, and then we provide two typical cases about Power Crisis and coping strategies. Finally, we present relevant policies and strategies to tackle with the corresponding problem of China power crisis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]