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Cet article concerne les défis actuels pour la psychanalyse que constituent le genre et les incongruences de genre. En effet, bien que le terme genre soit de plus en plus utilisé, il reste un concept plus difficile à définir et à circonscrire qu'il n'y paraît au premier abord. Afin d'apporter un éclairage sur ces sujets, il sera exposé le changement au combien important, qu'est le passage du paradigme du syndrome transsexuel à celui de la santé transgenre. Cet exposé sera alors étayé par deux vignettes cliniques : celle de Claudia dont la transition s'inscrit dans un parcours transsexuel et celle de Rose dont la transition paraît plus s'apparenter à un parcours transgenre. Les vignettes cliniques de Claudia et de Rose permettent d'illustrer ce qui se rapporte à une manière différente d'appréhender la différence des sexes : entre une abstraction qui épouse les contours d'une différence des sexes conçue comme binaire pour Claudia, et un genre fluide pour Rose. Suite à ces remarques, il est proposé de revenir sur le concept de genre afin de mieux le cerner et de le concevoir, notamment dans sa rencontre clinique et théorique avec la psychanalyse. Le genre est alors conçu comme un concept frontière, renvoyant à un troisième corps social au croisement du sentiment personnel et subjectif et du sociopolitique. En référence à la narratologie, le genre est défini comme une construction personnelle et/ou collective visant à donner une cohérence à la différence des sexes, et étayé par une réalisation par la perception, aide possible à la liaison de l'excitation sexuelle associée aux questions relatives à la différence anatomique des sexes d'un point de vue psychanalytique, qui concerne autant l'analysant que le psychanalyste. This article is concerned with the current challenges to psychoanalysis that gender and gender discordance represent. Indeed, although the term gender is increasingly used, it remains a concept that is more difficult to define and circumscribe than it first appears. In order to shed light on these issues, the important shift from the transsexual syndrome paradigm to the transgender health paradigm will be discussed. This presentation will then be supported by two clinical vignettes: that of Claudia, whose transition is part of a transsexual journey, and that of Rose, whose transition seems to be more akin to a transgender journey. Claudia's and Rose's stories allow us to illustrate a different way of apprehending the difference of the sexes: for Claudia, an abstraction that follows the contours of a difference of the sexes considered as binary, and, for Rose, a conception of gender as fluid. Following these reflections, it is suggested that we return to the concept of gender in order to better define and conceptualize it, particularly in its clinical and theoretical encounter with psychoanalysis. Gender is thus considered as a frontier concept, referring to a third social body at the crossroads of personal and subjective feeling and the socio-political. In reference to narratology, gender is defined as a personal and/or collective construction aiming to give coherence to the difference of the sexes and supported by a realization through perception. Gender can be thought of as an aide to the binding of sexual excitation associated with questions relating to the anatomical difference of the sexes from a psychoanalytical point of view, which concerns both the analysand and the psychoanalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medico-legal paradigm enmeshes legal with medical power, making abortion lawfully available only under the supervision of medical professionals. This article examines the recent parliamentary debates over abortion decriminalisation in New South Wales, Australia's most populous state, to argue that the decriminalisation of abortion in Australia represents a continuance with, rather than a break from, the medico-legal paradigm. The medical power embedded in laws that criminalised abortion in the nineteenth century, and liberalised abortion in the twentieth century, was not the same as that imagined by parliamentarians debating decriminalising abortion in the twenty-first century. Norms constituting abortion seekers and their doctors have shifted significantly. Nevertheless, the medico-legal paradigm continues to govern how lawful abortion is imagined. The medico-legal paradigm converts abortion seekers' desires for abortion into a need for healthcare and imagines the autonomy and agency of abortion seekers as enabled only through their subjection to medical power. This conversion, I suggest, dampens the potential abortion holds to open up and challenge norms of gender, sexuality and reproduction. • Abortion, decriminalisation and the medico-legal paradigm. • The medico-legal paradigm is a mode of regulating abortion normalised through a series of sedimented discourses. • Abortion decriminalisation is a distinct mode of regulating abortion through the medico-legal paradigm. • The medico-legal paradigm restricts the political imaginary of abortion and subjects the agency and autonomy of abortion seekers to medical authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In a bid to resist a medical-moralist paradigm dominating public health ideologies, we make a case for understanding chemsex among men in Singapore vis-à-vis Deleuzean lines of flight. • Through a queer deleuzean framing, we illustrate how chemically inflected sexual encounters can offer deterritorialising flights of fantasy and freedom from a heteronormative social structure that stigmatises gay sex, among other normative regimes. • We explored how lines of flight generated by chemsex are dynamic (i.e. they can turn into lines of non-flight) and have to be unpacked contextually (i.e. in relation to unfolding senses of self and the social environment). We have also demonstrated that such deterritorialising flights of freedom can catalyse unplanned outcomes, including the propensity to reterritorialise. • Our analysis has not shied away from incorporating heartfelt anecdotes that perpetuate medico-moral, public health perspectives even as we are committed to a critical-political discussion on chemical-sexual intimacies. • Future research in this arena could potentially investigate the complicated, conflicted and protracted intimate relationships that users may have with their drug(s) of choice, as well as the varied lines of (non-)flight that these chemicals can endow over a longitudinal study. Public health scholars informed by a dominant biomedical paradigm have in their 'rush to risk' emphasised the problematic aspects of chemsex. Meanwhile, critical chemsex scholars have attemped to destigmatise such sexual-chemical practices and foreground how they can be transformative. Taking these two perspectives as points of departure, we make a case for understanding chemsex vis-à-vis Deleuzean lines of flight. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 33 purposively sampled sexual minority men seeking therapy for chemsex dependency in Singapore. Interview topics included participants' experiences and histories of chemsex, substance use, and their ongoing recovery. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and then analysed according to key themes. We illustrate how chemically inflected sexual encounters can offer deterritorialising flights of fantasy and freedom from a heteronormative social structure that pathologises gay sex. At the same time, we argue that these flight lines are not static, neither do they extend indefinitely in space-time. Rather, we show how flights of freedom can evolve into lines of fright (or non-flight) when chemsex practitioners are met with critical thresholds that reveal the less-than-desirable aspects of being intoxicated. Consequently, they may eventually consider the reterritorialisation of their lives (i.e. abstinence and recovery) as a more constructive option. Regardless of their decisions to ride on chemically-induced flight lines or to take a step back from such deterritorialising pathways, they have troubled stereotypical perspectives of drug users as passive automatons. This paper enriches the chemsex scholarship by presenting a Deleuzean conceptualisation of chemical-sexual intimacies without romantacising and/or overstating the 'escape'/'freedom' that chemsex can facilitate. Future research in this arena could explore the complicated intimate relationships that users may have with their drug(s) of choice, and their varied lines of (non-)flight over a longitudinal study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, ubiquitous learning has been becoming an important learning style for college students. However, the current studies on ubiquitous learning mostly focus on aspects such as communication and data interaction methods, while ignoring students' academic emotions. In this paper, we propose an individual adaptive ubiquitous learning paradigm that focuses on college students' academic emotions. The paradigm collects and analyses students' academic emotions to grasp student's individual characteristics. Then, the adaptive planning and adjusting learning contents is beneficial for improving students' academic emotions and enhancing the ubiquitous learning effects, initiative and concentration. In this study, the 2-year-long comparative experiments and tracking analyses were conducted from four aspects: academic grades, average study hours in after-school spare time, academic emotions status and classroom participation. The experimental results show that the individual adaptive ubiquitous learning paradigm proposed in this paper has significant positive effects and impacts on college students' learning outcomes, initiative, engagement and academic emotions. • An individual adaptive ubiquitous learning paradigm considering the impact of academic emotions is proposed. • The paradigm focuses on academic emotions to adaptively adjust individual learning content. • Academic emotions analysis and adjustment algorithms are designed to improve learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global population ageing underscores the imperative of ageism and dementia-ism in the heath care setting as there is both anecdotal and published evidence that older persons are liable to receive less than optimum evidence-based treatments on account of their age and apparent frailty. This article explores the reasons for this phenomenon and limitations of current approaches of clinical decision making. We propose a framework to guide decision making to optimize care, with a paradigm shift in redefining a default toward clinical practice guideline–recommended treatments, guided by evidence-based medicine within an ethical means-end proportionality framework, and regularly reviewed advance care plans and goals of care conversations to secure the best interests of older persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes an approach to integrate individually-tailored exercise therapy and physical activity in multimodal lifestyle interventions for chronic pain management. The proposed steps include value-based goal setting and shared decision-making as the foundation for treatment adherence, pain science education, nutritional or dietary care, stress and sleep management, behavior graded activity and cognition-targeted physical activity and exercise therapy.

Positive and negative consequences of using social media (SM) have been observed. Excessive use of SM, such as Facebook, can lead to problematic behaviours, resulting in emotional and social functioning changes. Moreover, the problematic use of SM is negatively associated with empathy's affective and cognitive components. The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to test empathy differences between problematic and non-problematic Facebook users. In addition, the Facebook-related context that may modulate empathic response was investigated. Fifty-two participants (25 females; M age = 24.6 years [SD ± 2.9]) took part in the study and were classified into two groups: non-problematic and problematic Facebook users. The study was conducted using the empathy for pain paradigm with three media-related contextual conditions: newspaper, Facebook-related, and neutral. The results indicated there was a statistically significant difference between the left and right side of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) among nonproblematic Facebook users when observing pain stimuli in the context of Facebook. For problematic Facebook users, there was significantly more activity on the left side of the PFC (compared to the right side) when observing painful stimuli in the newspaper context and non-painful stimuli in a neutral context. The differences in haemodynamic activity registered by fNIRS between the left and right PFCs were observed in both groups and may have resulted from difficulties in regulating emotional response and attention, particularly among the problematic Facebook user group. • An fNIRS study was carried out to test empathy differences between problematic and non-problematic Facebook users. • There was a difference between the left and right side of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) for empathy-related stimuli. • For problematic Facebook users, there was significantly more activity on the left side of the PFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual influencers, digitally-created characters with realistic human-like appearances, have emerged as a distinctive type of virtual humans prominently featured in various virtual environments, with a notable presence on social media. They emulate human behaviors, including displaying emotions, to enrich their narratives. Yet, limited research has assessed how users interpret these virtual influencers' emotions as well as whether these emotional cues affect users' perceptions and attitude towards these virtual entities. To address these research gaps this research draws upon the Computers as Social Actors (CASA) paradigm. In study 1, sentiment analysis of a life-like virtual influencer's Instagram posts (N = 1196) conveyed a higher frequency, proportion, and intensity of positive (vs. negative) emotions. Study 2 utilized a U.S.-based Generation Z and Millennial sample from a large online platform to conduct a between-subjects online experiment (N = 142), examining whether Instagram posts conveying a virtual influencer's emotion (vs. no emotion) impacted users' attitude towards the virtual influencer. Findings indicate that the virtual influencer's perceived emotional intelligence, anthropomorphism, and authenticity are significant and serial mediators of the relationship between the virtual influencer's display of emotions in the social media posts and users' attitude towards the virtual influencer. Further, when looking at individual emotional effects (happiness vs. sadness vs. love vs. lust vs. no emotion), the expression of happiness in the virtual influencer's social media posts is greatly recommended for high perceptions and a positive attitude towards the virtual influencer while the display of sadness and lust are recommended to be avoided. • The virtual human's Instagram posts conveyed a higher frequency and intensity of positive (vs. negative) emotions. • Perceived emotional intelligence, anthropomorphism and authenticity mediated the relationship stimulated by emotional cues. • Users responded more favorably when the virtual human displayed happiness (vs. sadness and lust) in Instagram posts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst the transformation towards digital healthcare is accelerating, there is still a substantial risk of excluding people with a distance to the online world. Groups like people with a low socioeconomic position, people with a migrant background or the elderly, who are already most at risk of experiencing health inequalities, are simultaneously experiencing increased digital exclusion. Researchers play a role in determining how eHealth access is framed and can thus impact how the barriers to its use are addressed. This qualitative meta-review critically evaluates the way researchers (as authors) discuss eHealth use in digitally marginalised groups. Specifically, it seeks to understand how eHealth is framed to address existing health systems problems; how the barriers to eHealth use are presented and which solutions are provided in response; and who authors suggest should be responsible for making eHealth work. The results of this review found four paradoxes in how current literature views eHealth use. Firstly, that health systems problems are complex and nuanced, yet eHealth is seen as a simple answer. Secondly, that there are many political, social and health systems-based solutions suggested to address eHealth use, however most of the identified barriers are individually framed. This focus on personal deficits results in misallocating responsibility for making these systemic improvements. Thirdly, although eHealth is meant to simplify the tasks of patients and healthcare workers, these are the groups most often burdened with the responsibility of ensuring its success. Lastly, despite tailoring eHealth to the user being the most suggested solution, researchers generally speak about groups as a homogenous entity – thus rendering tailoring difficult. Ultimately, this review finds that a shift to focus research on addressing systemic issues on a systems level is necessary to prevent further exacerbating existing health inequalities. • This review examined framing of eHealth use amongst digitally marginalised groups in research. • eHealth is presented as a simple solution to highly complex health system problems. • Patients and health workers are seen as most responsible for addressing barriers. • Though barriers are framed as individual problems, solutions to improve eHealth are systems focused. • We urge researchers to shift to a systems paradigm to avoid perpetuating health inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality care is critical to the quality of life and well-being of persons with disabilities. However, children with disabilities face unprecedented challenges which include access to assistive technology and rehabilitative devices, social exclusion, and negative attitudes in their various care settings. The present qualitative study seeks to understand parents' perceptions of home or institutional care for children with disabilities. The study utilized an exploratory qualitative approach paradigm with five focus groups in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Framework data analysis identified opposing and supporting perspectives for home and institutional-based care. Beneficial aspects of home care relate to cultural upbringing and the opportunity to acquire social and daily living skills. Families believe there are benefits of institutional care because such care settings have specialists and resources to support persons with disabilities. They argue for these resources to be linked to disability cases in families to optimize the development of children with disabilities. The study concluded that a dedicated care team to support families to cater to the needs of their children with disabilities at home is preferred over institutional-based care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Family preservation and reunification • Program social workers (PSWs) and parents' perceptions • Israel, out-of-home care • Families on the Growth Track (FGT) • Poverty-aware social work. Few studies have examined the implementation of family preservation and reunification programs. Meeting this gap, a research project examined Israel's innovative pilot program Families on the Growth Track (FGT). The two-year program was designed to promote the government's policy of ensuring a permanent and nurturing family for every child by targeting families with difficulties in parental functioning, with children aged 6–18 living in or outside the parental home. The program is informed by existing family preservation models, and its leading paradigm is poverty-aware social work. The present study focused on the perceptions of professionals and participating parents regarding the program. It used semi-structured interviews with four policymakers and eight parents, as well as thirteen professionals. Additional data were collected online from 100 relevant professionals in all welfare departments participating in the pilot. According to the program social workers (PSWs), families suitable for the program were motivated to change and able to benefit from help. The parents were highly satisfied with the availability of the PSW and warm relationship with her, her work on rights take-up, and interservice coordination. They were also satisfied with the flexible budget enabling them to receive tailored wraparound services, combining concrete assistance with psychosocial treatment. Nevertheless, the PSWs experienced their role as more difficult and less rewarding than that of ordinary family social workers, which was given as explanation for their high turnover. Finally, both parents and professionals felt the program's duration was insufficient. Implications for future research and practice are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the authors reflect on social consequences of the deagrarianization process, based on their study conducted in the Błaszki commune in central Poland. The study shows deagrarianization in the making, as the region is prone to land being concentrated among the largest farms and to the deactivation of the majority of smallholders. Our research indicates how farmers specialize, quit livestock farming, and endure work overload. It also shows attitudes among younger farmers, who in most cases reject farming as their future career. Among the social consequences of deagrarianization, we note the erosion of community life, conflicts between entrepreneurial farmers and smallholders, and growing distrust. We then reflect on the deagrarianization process's roots, which lie in anti-peasant prejudices and the modernization paradigm in Polish social sciences and in the public sphere. • Social consequences of deagrarianisation are predominantly negative. • Farmers experience work overload and lack of successors. • Deagrarianisation results in distrust and lack of cooperation in villages. • Deagrarianisation partly results from the dominant discourse of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-substance addictions are starting to be classified as diseases or disorders, but their diagnostics strongly rely on questionnaires, making it unclear if there any underlying changes prior to reaching the addiction detection threshold. We aim to detect if the volunteers with extensive consumption of video games, yet below the IGD-20 test addiction threshold, i.e., the recreational gamers, exhibit any changes in the brain function similar to the ones in substance- and non-substance addictions. We have selected 47 participants classified as test and control groups based on their weekly average gaming time. We perform functional magnetic resonance imaging with individualized cue-reactivity paradigm and compare the results of the general linear model and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses between the groups. The measurements demonstrate activation difference in several areas, and changes in PPI between a number of seed/voxel cluster pairs. We have classified the detected changes according to the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model and found that the affective and executive functions are likely to be affected by recreational gaming, while the cognitive functions are not. The results suggest that these changes along with the reinforcement feedback loop suggested by the model can put the recreational gamers in the addiction development risk group. [Display omitted] • Recreational video gamers react to the individualized craving-inducing stimuli. • There are changes in the brain function and the psychophysiological interactions. • The affective and the executive functions are affected, while the cognitive are not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jiawei-Xiaoyao pill (JWX), a traditional Chinese medicine, was recorded in ancient Chinese medicine pharmacopoeia using for treatment of various diseases, including mood disorders. Current mainstream antidepressants have a disadvantage in delayed onset of action. The rapid antidepressant potential of JWX and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to assess the rapid antidepressant potential of JWX, within the prescription dose range, and the distinct underlying neuroplasticity signaling mechanism. The rapid antidepressant response of JWX were determined using various behavioral paradigms, and in a corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression model in mice. The molecular neuroplasticity signaling and the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus was evaluated using immunoblotting and immunostaining. The contribution of specific signaling was investigated using pharmacological interventions. A single dose of JWX induced rapid and persistent antidepressant effects in both the normal and chronic CORT-exposed mice. The phosphorylation of CaMKII, mTOR, ERK and the expressions of BDNF, synapsin1 and PSD95 increased at 30 min post JWX. JWX restored the expression of BDNF in the hippocampal dentate gyrus reduced by CORT-exposure. The rapid antidepressant effect and upregulation of BDNF expression by JWX was blunted by a mTOR antagonist, rapamycin, or a CaMKII antagonist, KN-93. CaMKII signaling blockade blunted mTOR signaling activated by JWX, but not vice versa. JWX elicits a rapid antidepressant effect, via quickly stimulating CaMKII signaling, subsequently activating mTOR-BDNF signaling pathway, and thus enhancing hippocampal neuroplasticity. [Display omitted] • Jiawei-Xiaoyao pill (JWX) elicits rapid anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. • JWX-activated hippocampal mTOR-BDNF signaling regulates rapid antidepressant effects. • JWX-activated mTOR-BDNF signaling relied on stimulation of CaMKII signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To inform approaches for adapting substance use treatment for Black adults, the aim of this study was to thematically analyze the stressors, triggers for substance use, and neutral/relaxing events reported among Black adults who participated in a lab paradigm. The sample included 36 Black adults (mean age [years] = 37.47, SD = 7.30; 53 % male, 12 (33 %) with alcohol use disorder, 12 (33 %) with cocaine use disorder, and 12 (33 %) healthy controls). All participants provided detailed stimulus and response context information on the most stressful event they experienced in the past year, an event that involved substance use, and a neutral/relaxing event in a structured interview using a scene development questionnaire, and this information was utilized to generate a personalized imagery script for each event using standardized procedures. Thematic analyses identified the key themes reported within scripts. Consistent with a prior thematic analysis on a majority White sample, we found the following themes for the stress scripts: Relational (Violation, Loss, Parenting, Betrayal, Isolation vs. support), Environmental (Housing, Legal), and Achievement (Employment, Role in household). However, our analyses also resulted in new stress themes: Relational (Violation-Racial Microaggressions) and Institutional (Time Wasted). The substance use scripts consisted of the following trigger themes: Social (Social Facilitation, Socially-Sanctioned Substance Use Event, Exposure to Substance Use Friends/Associates), Internal (Free Time, Boredom, Thoughts of Using Substance, Frustration, Reward), and Environment (Availability of Substance, Celebration, Party Environment, Food, Hot Day, Money/Payday). The neutral/relaxing scripts themes were: Outdoor Activities (Admiring Nature, People Watching, Observing Surroundings, Enjoying the Sun, Playing in the Sand, Walking), Quiet Activities (Silence/Quiet, Prayer, Reading), and Indoor Activities (Radio, Television, Bath/Shower, Bed/Chair, Observing from a Window). We found sex differences across scripts. The results suggest that Black people experience unique stressors (e.g., institutional and racial stressors) that are important to consider when modifying treatment to improve outcomes among this group. In addition to stressors, this study also identified high-risk situations involving triggers for use. Taken together these findings suggest targets for the tailoring of coping strategies that could be incorporated for the development of culturally relevant behavioral treatment for SUD. • Black adults report low substance use disorder treatment satisfaction. • Black adults also have lower treatment retention relative to other groups. • Qualitative analyses can potentially inform approaches for adapting treatment. • Thematic analyses were conducted on stress, substance use and neutral/relaxing events. • Racial stressors may be incorporated into tailored SUD treatments to enhance outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of, and how clinicians can account for sleep disturbances as part of an individually tailored multimodal lifestyle intervention for people with chronic pain. Topics include importance of considering sleep in patients with chronic pain, interplay between sleep and stress in chronic pain, and evidence-based treatment for insomnia in patients with chronic pain.

Background: In contrast to wearable tools (like in-shoe) sensors, lab-based gait assessment (using pressure-sensitive mats or cameras) only acquire data over short distances in non-ecological environments.Research Question: To examine the concurrent validity of a wearable ZeroWire® footswitch system (Aurion Srl, Milan, Italy) vs. the GAITRite® walkway (CIR systems Inc., NJ, USA) for recording temporal gait parameters.Methods: We included 40 healthy participants in a prospective, single-center study. Temporal gait parameters were recorded simultaneously with the ZeroWire® and GAITRite® systems while each participant walked at three different speeds (slow (60steps/min), comfortable and maximum). To measure the validity, we calculated the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the coefficient of variation (CV) for each parameter (gait cadence, stride time, step time, stance time, and single-support and double-support times). We also performed a graphical analysis using the Bland and Altman method.Results: The footswitch system showed moderate-to-excellent concurrent validity vs. the GAITRite mat. The degree of agreement between the two assessments was greatest at the maximum gait velocity showed, with very good validity (ICC > 0.91) seen for most parameters, whereas agreement ranged from moderate to very good for the other speeds. Independently of the gait speed, the highest levels of agreement were recorded for gait velocity, cadence, stride time, step time, and stance time. According to the CVs, both systems showed the same accuracy and double-support time was the more variable parameter.Significance: The ZeroWire® footswitch system appears to be valid for assessing temporal gait parameters (and particularly gait cadence and stride, step and stance times in healthy participants). It is likely to be well suited to the assessment of gait parameters under ecological conditions and in dual-task gait paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Victims of family violence are sorted into fragmented systems that fail to address the family as an integrated unit. Each system provides specialized care to each type of victim (child, older adult, adult, animal) and centers on the expertise of the medical and service providers involved. Similarly, researchers commonly study abuse from the frame of the victim, rather than looking at a broader frame—the family. We propose the following 5 steps to create a research paradigm to holistically address the response, recognition, and prevention of family violence. (1) Establish common definitions and data elements for family violence. Definitions and data elements should be useable across medical, social, and legal systems of care. Outcomes should be relevant to patients, family members, and providers. (2) Measure the efficacy and cost of the current medical-social-legal system that addresses violence. (3) Develop actionable screening recommendations for at-risk household contacts when violence is initially identified. (4) Develop and test family-centered interventions, especially those that target modifiable risk factors such as substance use or mental illness. (5) Target support and prevention strategies for families at highest risk. By developing an integrated research model to address family violence, and by using that model to support integrated systems of care, we propose a fundamental paradigm shift to improve the lives of families living with and suffering from violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information of Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs), which also known as N-of-1 trials, are the prospective, intensive and experimental study of an individual who serves as his or her own control. It mentions that data produced by a SCED are quantitative; and the SCED is therefore to be distinguished from those observational studies that use a single participant.

Media use can be explained by either the deficiency paradigm or the global use paradigm. The former states that people use media to fulfil needs whereas the latter holds that media use is more generic. To examine the validity of these perspectives, we chose to study the needs of lonely people to test these contending claims. An eye tracking experiment was conducted to explore the mechanism of lonely viewers using barrage video, with a 2 (audience: lonely vs normal) × 2（appeal: emotional appeal vs rational appeal） × 2 (video type：barrage video vs non-barrage video) mixed design. The results showed that there was a significant loneliness and emotional appeal interaction, participants paid more attention to the barrage area, with longer gaze time and more fixation to barrage area. Taken as a whole, however, results did not lend support to either the deficiency paradigm or the global use paradigm. Instead, results supported the activation and match satisfaction model proposed in this study. Implications are discussed. • Data patterns supported the proposed AMSM. • Lonely people have intrinsic emotional needs. • Emotional needs are met by both media content and features. • Eye-tracking measures are effective indicators of media use mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Approaches to 'urban equality' and 'knowledge translation' have changed in the history of the Habitat conferences. • The pathways that have led to the current 'global urban agenda' are as telling as the agendas themselves. • Paradigms about knowledge have moved from building collective narratives, to targeting performance, to measurable data. • The approaches to urban equality have changed influenced by international development processes and power relationships. • Cases of community-based actors help to interrogate politics of knowledge circulation between global-local urban agendas. The relationship between planning research and practice plays a key role in shaping global commitments related to urban development. Arguably, this is the case for a 'global urban agenda' being articulated at an international scale via frameworks like the Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda. These multilateral commitments have been shaped by power relationships and assumptions about what kind of knowledge is valuable at different historical moments, a recognition of the local and global impacts of urban development and what sort of urban development is desirable at specific historical junctures. The pathways that have led to the present global attention to cities are as telling as the frameworks themselves. In this paper, we explore the history of multilateral and international networks that have shaped today's global urban agenda. We focus on the three United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat I, II and III) as milestones in the evolution of this agenda. Drawing on Southern urban theory and current debates on the interaction of practitioners and academics, we discuss the paradigms that have shaped the ways in which knowledge has been articulated, circulated and valued in those historical moments via the concept of 'knowledge translation'. We discuss the way in which 'urban equality' has been approached and explored in the praxis of these agendas. To do so, the paper discusses community-based cases that can highlight the different knowledge paradigms, and the power dynamics behind them, opening up questions about the challenges of including diverse voices and knowledges in the 'global' conversation on urban agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization for rural development in the developing countries is often mired in the tension between economic productivity and social equality. Paradigm shifts in relation to spatial strategies are identified in the process of rural-urban transition in China. An adoption of regional dispersion under the central planning regime to mitigate disparity between regions inadvertently gives rise to local rural-urban divide during 1949–1978. Economic under-productivity does not bring up prosperous equality. Regional agglomeration has been engaged by the pro-marketization reforms to pursue productive urbanization since the economic reforms launched in 1978. A historical window also allows in-situ rural urbanization, market-driven local dispersion, to prosper, though spatially concentrated and temporally brief. Surging economic benefits in parallel with rising social costs prompts further paradigm shift after 30 years' rapid urbanization. This paper argues that the state-manipulated spatial dispersion may not help achieve true and real spatial equality, and well-off spatial equality has to be obtained through a mechanism of marketization in a relatively advanced stage of urbanization, helped by the government's facilitative policies. The strategy of regional dispersion with local agglomeration intends to strike a balance between growth and equality, aiming for inclusive integrated development of urban and rural entities. • Spatial Paradigm of rural development in China shifted after 30 years' rapid urbanization. • The state-manipulated spatial dispersion may not help achieve true and real spatial equality of rural development. • Regional dispersion with local agglomeration intends to strike a balance for urban-rural integrated development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes some of Robert Mare's major contributions as a sociologist, demographer, and social statistician; as a pioneer who advanced the multi-generational perspective in social science research; as a leader who introduced demographic thinking to social mobility studies; and as a trailblazer who developed new approaches to studying multi-generational processes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Care that is organized around the principles of harm reduction and the movement for police and prison abolition has the potential to uproot and transform structural causes of harm and violence, in the interconnected crises of drug-related harm, policing, and punishment. The United States' crisis of overdose and drug-related harm and its system of policing and punishment are historically and empirically linked phenomena. The abandonment of people whose use of drugs leads to their premature death, in the form of an overdose, is directly and indirectly connected to wider systems of criminalization and incarceration that also produce premature suffering and death. Organizations advocating for harm reduction for people who use drugs (PWUD) and organizations seeking the abolition of police and prisons have developed in parallel albeit with different genealogies. We examine the historical origins, principles, and practical applications of the two movements to identify points of overlap and lessons to be learned for the public health goals of addressing and preventing premature suffering and death in the United States. A case study of Los Angeles (LA) County, where elected officials have promised a new paradigm of care, not punishment, frames our analysis. We show how the principles and strategies of harm reduction and abolition are both necessary to practically realizing a paradigm of care, not punishment, and achieving system transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Higher Education in Nursing requires providing students with skills such as critical and reflective thinking about the actions to be carried out so that they are capable of providing humanised and quality care in an increasingly complex and technified society. Participatory teaching methodologies promote the development of these skills. to explore the potential of photovoice, storytelling and poetry as instruments capable of encouraging reflection. To identify through images (photovoice) and poetic narratives (storytelling and poetry) the perception that students of the nursing degree express about nursing care. qualitative study in the framework of the socio-critical paradigm, using photovoice, storytelling and poetry in the field of care. first-year undergraduate nursing students at two Spanish universities in the academic year 2021–2022. 48 images were shown and students were asked to select one, write a narrative and generate a short poem connected to the image. Subsequently, a content analysis was conducted of those poems evoked by the five photographs most chosen by the students. The analysis was supported by qualitative data analysis software. A total of 67 contributions from 67 students were analysed. the concepts addressed in the poems and the compositions generated reveal how critical humanist thinking and reflection on the subject of care developed. The topics identified were care, accompaniment throughout the life cycle, working on the basis of values and caring for small details as subcategories of nursing care. The combination of different tools in university education has encouraged reflection and enabled students to identify for themselves the importance of humanised care. Working on the theoretical foundation in an active way can reduce the gap between theory and practice and foster the empowerment of the nursing identity. • Photovoice, storytelling and poetry help students express their perceptions of nursing care. • Students identify humanised care through reflective thinking. • The proactive consolidation of structural concepts fosters the nursing identity. • Working on theoretical concepts with active methodologies reduces the theory-practice gap. • Working on the concept of care actively empowers students in the development of their discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antipsychotic reductions have been the primary focus of efforts to improve dementia care in nursing homes by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services National Partnership. Although significant antipsychotic reductions have been achieved, this policy focus is myopic in 2 ways; there is no evidence for any increases in use of nonpharmacologic interventions, and there are indications for compensatory increases in the use of other (unmeasured) sedating psychotropics. This increased use of other sedating psychotropics is more concerning than the antipsychotics that they replaced, as there is even less support of efficacy for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and ample proof of harms, including mortality. The current paradigm of "assessment" and "treatment" for BPSD is largely cursory and reflexive, with little effort put forth to understand possible underlying causes. This contrasts with the methodical, evidence-based way the field handles other symptoms considered "medical" (eg, shortness of breath). To move beyond this nonmedical approach to BPSD, we suggest a conceptual model that includes putative causal contributors. Although at their core BPSD are caused by brain circuitry disruptions, such disruptions are theorized to increase the person with dementia's vulnerability to 3 categories of triggers: those related to the (1) patient (eg, pain, hunger, and infection), (2) caregivers (eg, competing priorities, unrealistic expectations, and negative communications), and (3) environment (eg, overstimulation and limited light exposure). Assessing modifiable triggers is inherently person-centered as it enables clinicians to select specific nonpharmacologic strategies to mitigate identified triggers. Assessing triggers and selecting strategies, however, is time-intensive and reflects a paradigm shift necessitating a reorganization of dementia care including compensation for time spent elucidating and addressing modifiable triggers, vs unintendedly incentivizing the use of potentially harmful psychotropics. This paradigm shift should also include the measurement and restriction of any sedating medications for BPSD, particularly without assessment of underlying causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolically healthy obesity refers to an obesity phenotype with no or little evidence of metabolic dysfunction. Lower liver fat content and visceral adipose tissue, greater insulin sensitivity and secretion, greater cardiorespiratory fitness, and a predominantly lower body (i.e. leg) fat deposition are key physiological traits of a metabolically healthy phenotype. About 35% of all subjects with obesity are metabolically healthy. These individuals have approximately half the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared with metabolically unhealthy subjects with obesity, but they still have a significantly greater risk (by 50–300%) compared with metabolically healthy lean subjects. Therefore, absence of metabolic risk factors in people with obesity should not be a contraindication for weight-loss treatment. Metabolically healthy obesity needs to be treated, and this need is reinforced by the fact that this phenotype is not stable over time, as ∼50% of these subjects will cease being metabolically healthy within ∼10 y. Intervening early is therefore important. Weight loss dose-dependently decreases visceral adipose tissue and liver fat content, and it improves multiorgan insulin sensitivity and β-cell function (i.e. it beneficially affects many of the physiological traits of a metabolically healthy phenotype); however, weight loss is very difficult to maintain. This typically results in disappointment among patients and hinders adherence, which is likely critical for the limited success of most weight-loss treatments in the long term. On the other hand, using ≥1 metabolic health targets in a non-weight-loss-centered treatment paradigm that includes prudent dietary changes and increased physical activity can serve as an appropriate first goal that can help motivate patients toward the long-term goals of obesity treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the master's degree in midwifery was introduced in Norway, clinical midwives with a professional diploma soon requested the possibility to upgrade their education to a master's degree. In 2014, a part-time master's program worth 40 ECTS credits was introduced at a Norwegian university. In this study, we aimed to explore clinical midwives' experiences of how taking a part-time master's program in midwifery was received at their workplace. We employed a qualitative research design and an explorative descriptive approach. A convenience sample consisting of 47 clinical midwifes with varying seniority was recruited in 2016 and 2017, and five focus group interviews were conducted at the end of the study programs. Systematic text condensation was used to analyze the data, generating three themes. The first concerns the midwives' experiences of learning new tools to advance their profession. Secondly, they expressed hope for support, but found that education was a private matter. Finally, they experienced that financial support depended on goodwill from their employers. The study demonstrates that a master's degree in midwifery can be instrumental to strengthen clinical practice, but also points towards the need to update and strengthen management and leadership to facilitate and implement new knowledge. • The midwives learned new tools to advance their profession. • The midwives found that further education was a private matter. • Crossing the lines of professional conduct came at a private cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To prospectively assess the diagnostic accuracy of a pelvic sentinel lymph node (SLN) algorithm in high-risk endometrial cancer (HREC). Consecutive women with presumed FIGO stage I-II HREC underwent robotic surgery at two academic centres by five accredited surgeons. An anatomically based algorithm was adhered to, following cervical injection of indocyanine green (ICG), with reinjection of tracer in case of non-display of predefined lymphatic pathways. After removal of SLNs, a pelvic and infrarenal para-aortic lymphadenectomy was performed. Primary end-point was sensitivity of the SLN-ICG algorithm. Secondary end-points were sensitivity of the overall SLN algorithm (including macroscopically suspect nodes as SLNs), SLN mapping rates and morbidity of the SLN procedure. Two hundred fifty-seven women were analysed; 54 had pelvic lymph node metastases (LNMs), and 52 of those were correctly identified by the SLN-ICG algorithm. In two women (one with false-negative ICG-SLNs and one non-mapped woman), the pelvic LNMs were identified by the overall SLN algorithm. The SLN-ICG algorithm had a sensitivity of 98% (95% confidence interval [CI] 89–100) and a negative predictive value of 99.5% (95% CI 97–100). The sensitivity of the overall SLN algorithm was 100% (95% CI 92–100) and the negative predictive value was 100% (95% CI 98–100). The bilateral mapping rate was 95%. Two women (1%) had isolated para-aortic metastases. No adverse events occurred during the SLN procedure. With a complete sensitivity to detect pelvic LNMs, the described pelvic SLN algorithm can, in the hands of experienced surgeons, exclude overall nodal involvement in 99% and thereby safely replace a full lymphadenectomy in HREC. • A pelvic only sentinel node algorithm is sufficient in endometrial cancer. • A high sensitivity and high mapping rate require a defined surgical algorithm. • Reinjection of tracer increases the bilateral pelvic mapping rate. • Lower aortic tracer-positive nodes should primarily be considered as echelon nodes. • Ultrasectioning of pelvic sentinel nodes reduced true para-aortic skip metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies described in this special issue take bold steps in using diverse instrumentation to gather multidimensional data about self-regulated learning, and apply novel analytic methods to examine those data. I explore these advances from a perspective that foregrounds the role of a paradigm – coherent theoretical propositions and methodological properties – that underlie and contextualize the research. Several suggestions are offered for consideration about interpreting findings and designing future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to report on attitudes of doctors of chiropractic (DCs) toward integrative medicine and their self-reported interdisciplinary practices for older adults with back pain. This descriptive survey was conducted with licensed DCs in a Midwestern community in the United States. Respondents completed a 53-item postal survey of demographics, practice characteristics, referral and co-management patterns, attitudes toward interdisciplinary practice, and the Integrative Medicine-30 Questionnaire (IM-30). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Fifty-seven DCs completed the survey (29% response). Geriatric-focused chiropractic practices were uncommon (<15%), although 56% reported that 25% to 49% of the patients treated each week were older adults. Respondents had a moderate orientation toward collaboration with other health care providers (IM-30 mean [standard deviation] 61.3 [11.5]). The IM-30 subscales placed DCs high on measures of integrative medicine safety; moderate on patient-centeredness, openness to working with other providers, and referral readiness; and low on learning from alternative paradigms. Doctors of chiropractic most referred older patients to neurologists, family physicians, massage therapists, orthopedists, and other chiropractors. Doctors of chiropractic reported the highest levels of co-management with family physicians, physical therapists, and massage therapists. Most DCs (92%) were confident in their own ability to manage back pain in older adults, with modest confidence expressed for treatments from professionals using manual therapies. Most (77%) responded that older patients would experience the most improvement if DCs collaborated with another chiropractor, rather than with medical professionals. Doctors of chiropractic in one geographic community are moderately oriented toward interprofessional practice with other health care providers for older adults with back pain. Follow-up studies in representative national and international samples are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of human behaviour usually require the adoption of a research paradigm with the objective of improving the credibility and generalisability of the study. Applying research paradigms in information research is noted to vary from one researcher to another based on the investigator's choice as well as the character of the issue under investigation. The differences in the application of research paradigms in information research do not rely on philosophical assumptions alone, but also on the practical consequences of the inquiry and the interpretation of the findings. The four most broadly applied paradigms in research - pragmatism, interpretivism, positivism, and post-positivism and how the adoption of these paradigms fit into information research was examined. Findings indicate that application of research paradigms in information research is beneficial. However, information researchers are advised to be cautious of the weaknesses of the paradigm they would adopt for a study. • The most widely used research paradigms are pragmatism, interpretivism, positivism, and post-positivism. • The differences in the application of paradigms do not rely on philosophy alone. • Paradigms guide researchers to experience and think about the world. • The use of research paradigm plays an important role in building a researcher identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Event detection is an essential and challenging task in Information Extraction (IE). Recent advances in neural networks make it possible to build reliable models without complicated feature engineering. However, data scarcity hinders their further performance. Moreover, training data has been underused since majority of labels in datasets are not event triggers and contribute very little to the training process. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-task learning framework to extract more general patterns from raw data and make better use of the training data. Specifically, we present two paradigms to incorporate neural language model into event detection model on both word and character levels: (1) we use the features extracted by language model as an additional input to event detection model. (2) We use a hard parameter sharing approach between language model and event detection model. The extensive experiments demonstrate the benefits of the proposed multi-task learning framework for event detection. Compared to the previous methods, our method does not rely on any additional supervision but still beats the majority of them and achieves a competitive performance on the ACE 2005 benchmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Global hegemonic structures of power have been a subject of debate among social scientists for decades. However, issues addressing the 'subjugation of the intellect' and forces shaping knowledge production – globalisation, capitalism and neo-colonialism – remain understudied in tourism. Drawing upon critical theories of Eurocentrism and capitalism, in this paper we explore and address the ideological impacts of existing global power structures on the next generation of tourism 'knowledge producers' in Asia. More specifically, this work critically discusses the ontological and epistemological beliefs – and subsequent methodological choices – of a group of Asian PhD scholars. The empirical material presented in this paper highlights that persisting forms of Eurocentric ideology embedded in capitalist structures of power permeate non-Western academic circles. Highlights • Power and tourism knowledge-a critical note. • Global power structures and tourism PhD scholars. • Asian tourism epistemology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Research in the past half a century has gradually sketched the biological mechanism leading to androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Until recently the aetiological paradigm has been too limited to enable intelligent commentary on the use of folk remedies to treat or reduce the expression of this condition. However, our understanding is now at a point where we can describe how some folk remedies work, predict how effective they will be or why they fail. Results The new paradigm of AGA is that inheritance and androgens (dihydrotestosterone) are the primary contributors and a secondary pathology, microinflammation, reinforces the process at more advanced stages of follicular miniaturisation. The main protagonist to microinflammation is believed to be microbial or Demodex over-colonisation of the infundibulum of the pilosebaceous unit, which can be ameliorated by antimicrobial/acaricidal or anti-inflammatory therapies that are used as adjuvants to androgen dependent treatments (either synthetic or natural). Furthermore, studies reveal that suboptimal androgen metabolism occurs in both AGA and insulin resistance (low SHBG or high DHT), suggesting comorbidity. Both can be ameliorated by dietary phytochemicals, such as specific classes of phenols (isoflavones, phenolic methoxy abietanes, hydroxylated anthraquinones) or polycyclic triterpenes (sterols, lupanes), by dual inhibition of key enzymes in AGA (5α-reductase) and insulin resistance (ie., DPP-4 or PTP1B) or agonism of nuclear receptors (PPARγ). Evidence strongly indicates that some plant-based folk remedies can ameliorate both primary and secondary aetiological factors in AGA and improve insulin resistance, or act merely as successful adjuvants to mainstream androgen dependent therapies. Conclusion Thus, if AGA is viewed as an outcome of primary and secondary factors, then it is better that a 'multimodal' or 'umbrella' approach, to achieve cessation and/or reversal, is put into practice, using complementation of chemical species (isoflavones, anthraquinones, procyanidins, triterpenes, saponins and hydrogen sulphide prodrugs), thereby targeting multiple 'factors'. Graphical abstract fx1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Cognitive flexibility has been studied in two separate research traditions. Neuropsychologists typically rely on rather complex assessment tools such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). In contrast, task-switching paradigms are used in experimental psychology to obtain more specific measures of cognitive flexibility. We aim to contribute to the integration of these research traditions by examining the role of the key factor that differs between the WCST and experimental task-switching paradigms: rule uncertainty. In two experimental studies, we manipulated the degree of rule uncertainty after rule switches in a computerized version of the WCST. Across a variety of task parameters, reducing rule uncertainty consistently impaired the speed and accuracy of responses when the rule designated to be more likely turned out to be incorrect. Other performance measures such as the number of perseverative errors were not significantly affected by rule uncertainty. We conclude that a fine-grained analysis of WCST performance can dissociate behavioural indicators that are affected vs. unaffected by rule uncertainty. By this means, it is possible to integrate WCST results and findings obtained from task-switching paradigms that do not involve rule uncertainty. Highlights • We studied the role of rule uncertainty in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). • Rule uncertainty was manipulated in a computerized version of the WCST. • Reduced uncertainty impaired performance when switching away from a more likely rule. • Our results contribute to integrating WCST findings and the task-switching literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The code paradigm in biological and social sciences arises to Aristotle. For conscious activity, Aristotle introduced the notion of reflexive self-awareness in sense perception. This reflexive process generates the codes that signify sensual perceptive events and constrain human behavior. Coding systems grow via the generation of hypertextual statements reflecting new meanings in the process defined by Marcello Barbieri as a codepoiesis. It results in the establishment of higher-level codes (metacodes) forming the semiotic screen that has a nature of the set of perceived objects internalized by the conscious subject in encoding the symbolic actions. The characteristic feature of the semiotic screen consists in its property of being shared between the communicating agents. A sufficient complexity of nervous system, through the appearance of mirror neurons that are fired both when a subject executes certain action and when he observes another subject performing a similar action, represents a prerequisite for the emergence of reflexive codes in evolution. The codes appearing as a result of reflexive awareness and establishing different sociotypes, span from the symbolic systems of art and music through the common language to the formal language of logic and mathematics. Social dynamics is based on the implementation of reflexive coding activity and results in the growth and decay of social systems and civilizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We analyze the insights underlying the design of the disruption index. • Conceptual work is more likely to disrupt science than technical work. • Disruption reflects how paradigms shift in the development of science. • "New direction" identified by disruption also includes using new framing for an existing phenomenon that facilitates scientific dissemination. • Citing highly cited papers may decrease the disruption of paper. The disruption (D) index is a network-based indicator to quantify the extent to which a focal paper disrupts its predecessors. This study focuses on what disruption means by examining example articles related to "sleeping beauties in science" and frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF). We investigated the structure of the citation network and subsequent papers' motivations for citing the focal papers. Based on the observation that conceptual work is more likely to disrupt science than technical work, we hypothesize that disruption reflects the mechanism of how paradigms shift in the development of science. We also assume that the disruption identified by the D index indicates more than generating a new direction. Disruptive contributions include revolutionary studies such as Nobel-prize-winning papers, as suggested in previous work. However, disruptive contributions also include scientific dissemination of new terminology created by popular proposals, such as "sleeping beauties in science." Such contributions redefine and popularize phenomena in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the decision making process underlying texting in the classroom from a behavioral economic perspective. A sample of 136 undergraduate students completed a novel delay-discounting task involving a hypothetical scenario in which, after receiving a text message, they rated their likelihood of replying to the text message immediately versus waiting until the class is over to reply. The scenario presented several delays (ranged from 1 to 75 min) under two cell-phone-policy conditions (with and without a policy that banned in-class cell phone use). Participants also completed a behavioral assessment of impulsivity with a delay-discounting task involving hypothetical money and a self-reported assessment of the dispositional trait of impulsivity. The results show that the decrease in the likelihood of waiting to reply as a function of the delay was well described by a hyperboloid delay-discounting function. The rates of discounting were greater for students who self-reported higher frequencies of texting in the classroom as well as under the condition without the cell phone policy. Students who self-reported higher frequencies of texting in the classroom were more impulsive in both behavioral and self-reported measures of impulsivity. These results support the conclusion that the decision making underlying texting in the classroom can be well characterized using the delay-discounting paradigm and that texting in the classroom is fundamentally an impulsive choice, and that a behavioral economic approach is useful for investigating the decision-making process underlying texting in the classroom, and potentially other forms of media multitasking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new approach to study fear of isolation (FOI), with special attention to psychological motivations/gratifications sought in the online sphere (opinion congruency-seeking and anonymity-preference), which may lead to political expression via social media. We posit that individuals with FOI will display a tendency to want to match their opinions with the majority and will also actively utilize online platforms as they offer anonymity. This empirical study collected data from a random sample of 1107 participants in South Korea, a frontrunner in terms of political expression on social media. The results demonstrated that FOI is associated with opinion congruency as well as anonymity-preference and further, political use of social media which prompts offline political engagement. Findings of this paper goes beyond conventional paradigms on political psychology (selective exposure based on partisanship or ideology) and contribute to a better understanding of how anonymous, online behaviors generate political engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of stomatal function (control of gas flux through the plant surface via regulation of pore size) is fundamentally mechanical. The material properties of the pore-forming guard cells must play a key role in setting the dynamics and degree of stomatal opening/closure, but our understanding of the molecular players involved and resultant mechanical performance has remained limited. The application of indentation techniques and computational modelling, combined with molecular tools for imaging and manipulating guard cells and their constituent cell walls, has opened the way to a systems approach to analysing this problem. The outcomes of these investigations have led to a reassessment of accepted paradigms and are providing a new understanding of the mechanism of stomatal mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An emerging literature on value-directed remembering has shown that people are able to encode and remember information that is more important. Researchers operationalize importance by differentially assigning value to the memoranda that participants are asked to encode and remember. In the present investigation, a slightly altered value-directed-remembering paradigm was used to investigate how value modifies the dynamics of memory organization and search in free recall. In Experiment 1, free recall dynamics were compared between a control and a value condition. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the order of presentation of the values by adding an ascending and a descending condition where values were presented congruently or incongruently with the evolution of temporal context. Experiments 3 and 4 paralleled Experiments 1 and 2 respectively, with the addition of overt rehearsal and an unexpected memory test for the numbers/values. Overall, the results indicated that value-directed encoding has an influence on measures of delayed free recall encoding, organization, and search processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: Grounded theory analysis of secondary school staff and pupil perceptions about the barriers to preventative work for adolescent self-harm within the secondary school setting in Wales. STUDY DESIGN: Qualitative and grounded theory. METHODS: Two secondary schools in Wales were purposefully sampled for variation. Four group interviews took place using qualitative research methods (Participatory Rapid Appraisal) with six school-based professionals and six students aged more than 16 years. Three pupil participants had long-term experience themselves of self-harming behaviours; all the remaining participants had encountered pupils who self-harmed. The research interviews were transcribed verbatim, generating school context-dependent information. This was analysed through the logic of abduction using the constant comparative grounded theory method because of its ability to focus on axial coding for context. The ontology that shaped this work was critical realism within a public health paradigm. RESULTS: A theoretical model of stigma resulted from the grounded theory analytical process, specifically in relation to staff and student perceptions about adolescent self-harm within the institutional context. This meant that social-based behaviours in the secondary school setting centred on the topic and behaviour of adolescent self-harm were structured by stigma. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study offer an explanation on the exclusion of adolescent self-harm from preventative work in secondary schools. The stigma model demonstrates that adolescent self-harm is excluded from the socio-cultural norms of the institutional setting. Applying the UK Equality Act (2010), this is discrimination. Further research on the institutional-level factors impacting adolescent self-harm in the secondary school context in England and Wales is now urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the relatively limited knowledge about female sexual offenders, treatment approaches and programs have been primarily based upon models developed for male perpetrators. Although male and female offenders share some common characteristics, there is increasing empirical evidence that many aspects of female sexual offending behaviors are separate and different from those of males. By integrating theoretical constructs from the current literature, this paper proposes a strength-based treatment approach utilizing a gendered paradigm of female sexual offending. In general, a gendered strength-based treatment model involves a collaborative process that builds upon positive skills and provides options to utilize those skills to fulfill unmet needs. This treatment process also considers the contextual nature of the female sexual offender's social functioning and the individual manifestations of her sexually assaultive behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the Interim Measures for Social Assistance issued in 2014, employment assistance has been officially designated as one of the eight basic programs in social assistance system in China, and its significance is obvious. However, very little is known about the youth recipients' experiences of employment assistance and the extent to which available forms of employment assistance have been helping them to enter labor market. This article uses a qualitative method to examine employment assistance by analyzing the structure and process elements of activation social assistance paradigm from the perspective of youth recipients. It finds that the employment assistance youth recipients have received as of limited importance to help them get out of social assistance and become self-sufficient. That is to say, current employment assistance in urban China may be limited in activating the youth recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study explored examples of pre-service teachers’ learning when experiencing discontinuity and (re)positioning themselves in various professional communities and cultures during an international teaching internship. Pre-service teachers’ experiences of discontinuity were defined as boundary experiences, when challenging or problematic socio-cultural differences significantly influenced their (inter)actions. Pre-service teachers’ attempts to (re)position themselves in the unfamiliar professional and cultural contexts are described as a state of continuity and examples of boundary crossing. Learning mechanisms of identification, coordination, reflection and transformation in the theory of boundary crossing were used to analyze 15 boundary experiences. The four learning mechanisms provided insight into how a multi-level approach (including personal, professional and cultural aspects) gives a more nuanced perspective on the dominant adjustment paradigm. The value of a boundary experience for pre-service teachers’ learning during an international teaching experience resided mostly in raising awareness of existing, often taken-for-granted, personal and professional beliefs and their ability to switch between cultural and professional perspectives. The 15 boundary experiences in this study suggest that educators could focus more on pre-service teachers’ coping strategies, existential questions and cultural negotiation when they experience discontinuity, in addition to the current focus on learning outcomes, transformations, or cultural fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What would it take for a degrowth paradigm shift to take place? Drawing on contemporary critical political economy scholarship, this article identifies four prerequisites for socio-economic paradigm shifts: deep crisis, an alternative political project, a comprehensive coalition of social forces promoting the project in political struggles, and broad-based consent. It is argued that, on the one hand, there is much to suggest that current crises cannot be resolved under existing institutional frameworks and that degrowth is a political project that provides solutions to some of the key problems currently facing humanity. On the other hand, the prospects for a degrowth paradigm shift remain bleak: unlike political projects that became hegemonic in the past, degrowth has neither support from a comprehensive coalition of social forces nor any consent to its agenda among the broader population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a participative turn in Cultural policy. Nevertheless, far from being coherent and generalized, it has first to deal with one of the peculiarities of Cultural Policies: the coexistence of several paradigms that induce distinct versions of participations. Secondly, it faces three major changes that affect the relationship between culture and society. Technological, societal and political trends explain the growing protagonist role of participation in today’s western societies, with significant consequences in the reconfiguration of cultural behaviours and cultural institutions strategies. In order to enlighten the plural dimensions of participation and its results and consequences for cultural life we propose a model showing the distinct proactive roles of current citizens. This will then allow us to critically examine the arguments and organizational implications for the achievement of political goals, as well as its relationship with stakeholder’s positions and people behaviours. This discussion will be inspired by some results of a European research-action project that aims to experiment active citizen participation in the field of performing arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]