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Few studies compare the efficacy of the key bariatric procedures in type 2 diabetes management over the long term. None offer a reliable comparison of their respective efficacy loss over time. To analyze and compare the time evolution of the antidiabetic effects of the key bariatric procedures. Obesity surgery departments in America, Europe, and Asia. All the randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy of bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetes management with 1–5 years of follow-up were reviewed. A network meta-analysis with meta-regression was performed to compare the effectiveness of each technique and its respective efficacy loss temporal dynamics. Thirty-one trials involving 1906 patients were included. In comparison to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, the 5-year complete or partial diabetes remission rates were inferior with medical treatment (odds ratio [OR] =.05; 95% credible interval [CrI]:.02–.13) and gastric banding (OR =.38; 95% CrI:.16–.87), equivalent with sleeve gastrectomy (OR = 1.08; 95% CrI:.59–1.97), and superior with 1 anastomosis gastric bypass (OR = 3.00; 95% CrI: 1.12–8.33) and biliopancreatic diversion and its affiliated techniques (OR = 3.71; 95% CrI: 1.16–12.55). However, remission rates and glycemic control progressively decreased whatever the treatment option evaluated. Moreover, this loss of efficacy followed a statistically comparable temporal dynamic to those of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass regardless of the therapeutic strategy implemented. No therapeutic modality offered stable antidiabetic effects. The gap observed between the techniques after a 5-year follow up concerning remission rates and glycemic control could depend essentially on the magnitude of the effects initially obtained. However, these results need to be confirmed over longer follow-up periods. • Diabetes remission time evolution is analyzed by a meta-analysis with meta regression • The temporal dynamics of loss of efficacy is equivalent whatever the surgery • No surgery offers stability for diabetes remission rates over time • Long term outcomes may mostly depend on the surgery initial effects on A1C and FPG [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time-course response after a single injection of botulinum toxin (BoNT) for post-stroke spasticity is debated. We addressed this issue by conducting a systematic review and a pharmacodynamic model-based meta-analysis. We searched Medline, PeDro and Google Scholar databases up to March 2020, selecting randomized controlled trials of post-stroke and traumatic brain injury patients with arm or leg muscle hypertonia, comparing BoNT to placebo, or different BoNT preparations. The main outcome was change in Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score. A non-linear mixed effect model was used to estimate maximal toxin and placebo effects (Emax and EPlacebo), the effect disappearance half-life (T1/2off) of BoNT and the doses achieving 50 and 80% of Emax (D50 and D80). The equivalence ratios between different BoNT preparations were calculated from D50 values. Adverse events were recorded. Altogether, 2,236 unique records were screened by 2 independent reviewers: 35 eligible trials including 3011 patients (95% post-stroke) were identified. For all BoNT preparations, the BoNT Emax of -1.11 (95% credible interval -1.31; -0.29) was reached at 5 weeks; the maximal placebo effect was -0.30 (-0.37; -0.22). Both D50 and D80 differed significantly by muscle volume. At D50, the equivalence ratio was significantly higher for abobotulinumtoxinA (3.35) than onabotulinumtoxinA and lower for letibotulinumtoxinA (0.41). T1/2off was longer for abobotulinumtoxinA than for onabotulinumtoxinA and the other preparations (13.1 weeks [95% credible interval 7.7; 19.3] vs 8.6 weeks [7.1; 10.1]). Adverse events were minor, with a weak, but significant, dose–response relation for muscle weakness. This first pharmacodynamic model-based meta-analysis of individuals with stroke revealed that for all BoNT-A preparations, BoNT-A injections to treat spasticity have maximal effect at 5 weeks. The T1/2off was longer for abobotulinumtoxinA than other preparations. Differences between certain BoNT unit scales were also confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Odontoid fracture is a common injury especially in elderly people. Despite some recent studies arguing in favor of surgery, the best treatment is still being debated. We systematically review and analyze the comparative literature between surgical and conservative treatments of odontoid fractures. We systematically searched Medline and the Cochrane Library for studies reported from January 1990 to May 2019 in English. Comparative studies evaluating the results of surgical and conservative treatments for odontoid fractures were eligible for inclusion. Combined relative risks (RRs) for mortality at last follow-up, union or nonunion rates, and complications were calculated. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Influence of age and year of publication on treatment effect was explored using a meta-regression analysis. A total of 1438 articles were identified, of which 30 articles with 2463 patients were eligible for inclusion. There was a trend toward lower mortality in the surgical group (RR, 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–1.02). Nonunion rates (RR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.28–0.6) were lower in the surgical group. Union rates were higher in the surgical group (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11–1.45). No significant influence of age or year of publication on treatment effect was found. Based on this meta-analysis of nonrandomized comparative studies, surgical treatment seems not to be inferior to conservative treatments. The conclusions of this study remain limited by the low quality of the evidence available. Randomized controlled studies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superiority of perineural over intravenous dexamethasone at extending nerve block analgesia has been suggested but without considering the dose–response relationships for each route of administration. Randomised control studies that evaluated intravenous or perineural dexamethasone as an adjuvant to unilateral peripheral nerve blocks in adults were searched up to October 2023 in MEDLINE, Central, Google Scholar, and reference lists of previous systematic reviews. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool was used. A maximum effect (E max) model-based network meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the dose–response relationships of dexamethasone. A total of 118 studies were selected (9284 patients; 35 with intravenous dexamethasone; 106 with perineural dexamethasone; dose range 1–16 mg). Studies with unclear or high risk of bias overestimated the effect of dexamethasone. Bias-corrected estimates indicated a maximum fold increase in analgesia duration of 1.7 (95% credible interval (CrI) 1.4–1.9) with dexamethasone, with no difference between perineural and intravenous routes. Trial simulations indicated that 4 mg of perineural dexamethasone increased the mean duration of analgesia for long-acting local anaesthetics from 11.1 h (95% CrI 9.4–13.1) to 16.5 h (95% CrI 14.0–19.3) and halved the rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A similar magnitude of effect was observed with 8 mg of intravenous dexamethasone. Used as an adjuvant for peripheral nerve block, intravenous dexamethasone can be as effective as perineural dexamethasone in prolonging analgesic duration, but is less potent, hence requiring higher doses. The evidence is limited because of the observational nature of the dose–response relationships and the quality of the included studies. PROSPERO CRD42020141689. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Renal recovery is frequent in patient with acute PE, and occurs after the first week. • A quarter of AKI patients does not fully recover a normal renal function after PE • Treatment, care and decisions should consider AKI in patients with acute PE [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients with traumatic injuries, despite thromboprophylaxis. To decrease both thrombotic and bleeding risks, some authors suggest adjusting the thromboprophylactic doses of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH), in particular according to body weight at treatment initiation or to changes in anti-factor Xa level during treatment. Our objective was to estimate in trauma patients the efficacy and safety of such adjustments, compared with the conventional strategy of fixed-dose LMWH thromboprophylaxis. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to identify and assess randomised control trials and observational studies with prospective enrolment that included trauma patients and compared adjustment of LMWH thromboprophylaxis versus no adjustment. The primary and secondary endpoints were VTE and bleeding, respectively. The Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. No significant reduction in the risk of VTE was observed with adjusted doses of LMWH compared with fixed doses when considering only randomised control trials (OR 1.02 [95% CI, 0.09 to 11.6]) or all trials (OR 0.70 [95% CI, 0.34 to 1.42]). Similarly, there was no significant difference in bleeding risk (OR 1.36, 95% CI 0.59 to 3.10). This meta-analysis shows that, to date, there is no evidence to justify adjusting LMWH doses, in agreement with the recommendations of the American College of Chest Physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Lung adenocarcinoma regularly induces bone metastases that are responsible for impaired quality of life as well as significant morbidity, including bone pain and fractures. We aimed at identifying whether bone and metabolic biomarkers were associated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients with synchronous bone metastases. Patients and methods POUMOS is a prospective cohort of patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and synchronous bone metastases. All patients underwent biopsy of bone metastases to confirm diagnosis, including genotyping of oncogenic drivers such as EGFR and KRAS . Whole-body composition was assessed using DEXA scan. Serum levels of C-reactive protein, HbA1C, calcaemia, sCTX, and DKK1 were also measured. Results Sixty four patients, aged (mean ± SD) 65 ± 11 years, were included. Thirty-nine (61%) patients had a good performance status (PS 0–1); 56% had >5 bone lesions, and 41% a weight-bearing bone (femour or tibia) involvement. Median overall survival was 7 months. In multivariate analysis, HbA1c (HR = 1.69 [1.10–2.63] per 0.5% decrease; p = .02), DKK1 (HR = 1.28 [1.01–1.61] per 10 ng/mL increase; p = .04), and hypercalcaemia (HR = 2.83 [1.10–7.30]; p = .03) were independently associated with poorer survival. In the subgroup of patients with DEXA, sarcopenia was also associated with poorer survival (HR = 2.96, 95%CI [1.40–6.27]; p = .005). Conclusions In patients with lung adenocarcinoma and synchronous bone metastases, bone, sarcopenia, and metabolic parameters were predictors of poor overall survival independently of common prognostic factors. We suggest that, in addition to oncological therapy, supportive treatment dedicated to bone metastases, muscle wasting, and energy metabolism are essential to improve prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction For patients with cervical cancer, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) improves target coverage and allows dose escalation while reducing the radiation dose to organs at risk (OARs). In this study, we compared dosimetric parameters among 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), “step-and-shoot” IMRT, and volumetric intensity-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) in a series of patients with cervical cancer receiving definitive radiotherapy. Computed tomography (CT) scans of 10 patients with histologically proven cervical cancer treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT) from December 2008 to March 2010 at our department were selected for this study. The gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) were delineated following the guidelines of the Gyn IMRT consortium that included cervix, uterus, parametrial tissues, and the pelvic nodes including presacral. The median age was 57 years (range: 30 to 85 years). All 10 patients had squamous cell carcinoma with Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB-IIIB. All patients were treated by VMAT. OAR doses were significantly reduced for plans with intensity-modulated technique compared with 3D-CRT except for the dose to the vagina. Between the 2 intensity-modulated techniques, significant difference was observed for the mean dose to the small intestine, to the benefit of VMAT ( p < 0.001). There was no improvement in terms of OARs sparing for VMAT although there was a tendency for a slightly decreased average dose to the rectum: − 0.65 Gy but not significant ( p = 0.07). The intensity modulation techniques have many advantages in terms of quality indexes, and particularly OAR sparing, compared with 3D-CRT. Following the ongoing technologic developments in modern radiotherapy, it is essential to evaluate the intensity-modulated techniques on prospective studies of a larger scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]