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[Display omitted] Electrodeposition and electropolymerization have emerged as versatile tools for the fabrication of chemical and biosensors. The literature in this area, published since 2017, is the main focus of this review. Electropolymerization has played a particularly prominent role in sensor development since its discovery in 1980 by Diaz at IBM. The ability to entrain receptors such as antibodies, engineered virus particles, and metal chelating agents into a conductive polymer sensing element during electropolymerization has proven to be a powerful means of preparing chemiresistors for a variety of analyses. Electrodeposition has also been used to prepare nanostructured metal indicator microelectrodes, enabling of a new modality for transducing biosensors. Electrodeposited metal nanowires have formed the basis for rapid and sensitive sensors for hydrogen gas. Electrodeposition has also been exploited as a powerful means for amplifying weak biosensor signals, extending their dynamic range. Opportunities for the application of electrodeposition and electropolymerization for chemical and biological sensor fabrication and function are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent times, pseudocapacitive electrode materials have received great attention due to their considerable capability in storing ions at relatively fast charging rates. Among various candidates, niobium (V) pentoxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) has gained much attraction for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its insertion/extraction reaction with Li, safe redox potential, and considerably good capacity (about 200 mAhg −1 ). Nevertheless, low conductivity of Nb 2 O 5 has so far prevented its use as a viable electrode material for LIBs. In this study, we have successfully coated silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of one-dimensional orthorhombic Nb 2 O 5 fiber (1D T-Nb 2 O 5 ) using simple electrospinning processing. Ag NPs coated Nb 2 O 5 fibers (Ag-1D T-Nb 2 O 5 ) provided faster electron pathways, resulting in much improved capacity at a given current density with superior rate capabilities compared with pristine 1D T-Nb 2 O 5 . In addition, 1D T-Nb 2 O 5 was more suitable for coating Ag NPs compared with T-Nb 2 O 5 NPs, where its structural integrity was maintained even after cycling. As a result, effective coating of conductive Ag NPs on the 1D T-Nb 2 O 5 resulted in excellent cycle retention characteristics (179.7 mAhg −1 after 500 cycles at 500 mA g −1 ) as well as superior rate capabilities (103.6 mAhg −1 at a current density of 5000 mA g −1 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]