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To develop and assess the test-retest reliability of a survey exploring high-performance athletes' perceptions and experiences during and post-pregnancy. Cross-sectional mixed-methods survey. A three-phase approach was employed to develop the Mum-Alete survey. Relevant domains and questions were identified through a review of the literature and gap analysis (Phase 1). The face and content validity were assessed during Phase 2. The survey was modified, and the final survey included 113 questions. The test-retest reliability was assessed during Phase 3. Seven athletes aged ≥18 years who were currently pregnant and/or given birth since 1 July 2016 were recruited. The survey was administered via Qualtrics and completed on two occasions. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were determined to assess test-retest reliability (excellent, good, moderate, and poor). The average ICC of all items was 0.962 (95% CI 0.957–0.966) demonstrating excellent test-retest reliability. The test-retest reliability was excellent for the demographic and general questions domain (ICC = 0.967 95% CI 0.955–0.977) and good for the exercise (ICC 0.762 95% CI 0.707–0.811), physical health (ICC 0.841 95% CI 0.810–0.868) and well-being (ICC 0.827 95% CI 0.784–0.865) domains. The high test-retest reliability of the survey indicates excellent consistency of measures between the two time-points. • Active involvement of athletes in research promotes relevance and quality. • First survey to collect data among Australian high-performance athletes. • Test-retest reliability of the Mum-Alete survey was high. • Excellent consistency of measures between the two time points. • Accurate data on athlete experiences can be collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To 1) investigate the incidence, prevalence, burden and characteristics of injuries; and 2) explore the frequency of physiotherapy and medical servicing for elite sports academy athletes over a 12-month season.Design: Prospective cohort study.Methods: Medical attention and time-loss injuries were prospectively recorded by Physiotherapy and Medical (Sports Physician) staff for 94 athletes (72.3% females). The number of linked physiotherapy and medical servicing appointments was also recorded. Injury incidence rates (IIR), point and period prevalence, and injury burden were calculated and compared by athlete gender, sport, and categorisation (performance level) using incidence rate ratios (IRR).Results: The number of injuries reported was 193 in 71 (75.5%) athletes. The IIR was 2.1 (95%CI: 1.8 to 2.4) injuries per 365 days, with no gender difference observed (IRR: 1.1, 0.8 to 1.4). The injury burden was 43.5 (95%CI: 37.8 to 50.1) days absent per 365 days. More than one-quarter (point prevalence, 26.6%) of athletes commenced the season with an injury. In-season injury risk was 2.5 fold greater in athletes who started the season with an injury compared to athletes who started the season without an injury (IRR: 2.5, 1.9 to 3.4). The majority (81.2%) of the 1164 appointments recorded were physiotherapy, with an overall 4.3:1.0 physiotherapy to medical appointment ratio.Conclusions: One in four athletes began the elite pathway season with a pre-existing injury, while also demonstrating a 2.5 fold greater risk of subsequent injury in the scholarship period. Sports should not assume their athletes are uninjured at the beginning of their scholarship. Injury profiles, and physiotherapy and medical servicing varied across sports. To reduce health as a barrier in the successful transition of talented young athletes to elite athletes, injury management strategies at the commencement of recruitment and throughout the scholarship should be prioritised in the development pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Mechanisms of pyrolysis of several representative cyclodiene pesticides, viz., dieldrin, aldrin and isodrin, have been studied by quantum chemical techniques and dieldrin and isodrin have been subjected to experimental pyrolysis investigation. Comparison is made with earlier studies on another cyclodiene - endosulfan. Cyclodienes which are initially produced by Diels-Alder condensation of hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCP) and a substrate, initially decompose by retro Diels-Alder reaction back into HCCP and the substrate, both of which undergo further reaction. In the case of dieldrin, pyrolysis is initiated at 673 K and the substrate, norbornadiene oxide, further decomposes to produce CO and benzene which are observed experimentally. Above ∼800 K hexachlorocyclopentadiene undergoes rapid Cl bond fission and Cl atoms abstract H atoms from dieldrin forming HCl and lead to four different types of dieldrin radicals, just one of which can undergo a sequence of reactions of modest energy barriers to lead to the major observed high temperature products, pentachlorostyrene, hexachlorostyrene and polychlorinated benzenes. In contrast to other cyclodienes, pyrolysis of isodrin which is initially produced by Diels-Alder condensation of hexachloronorbornadiene and cyclopentadiene does not undergo initial retro Diels-Alder decomposition, instead undergoing an intramolecular rearrangement to a "birdcage" structure which eventually decomposes to HCl and aromatic soot precursors. A simple relationship between the rate constants for retro Diels-Alder decomposition and Cl fission of HCCP is discussed to evaluate whether cyclodiene-contaminated soils might be remediated via thermal desorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the results of a computational and experimental study on the thermal degradation of endosulfan, a broad-spectrum chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide. The objective of the study was to identify its decomposition pathways, and to gain an understanding of the mechanism of formation of toxic species including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) and their precursors. We implemented pyrolysis experiments in a tubular reactor and identified the pyrolysis products and demonstrate good qualitative agreement between the experimental species measurements and quantum chemical calculations. A sampling system intercepted the gaseous products exiting the reactor which were analysed by FTIR spectroscopy and trapped (at −10 °C) volatile organic compounds (VOC) generated from the thermal decomposition of endosulfan were analysed by GC/MS. Decomposition commences at about 573 K in a flow reactor at a residence time of 5 s. The initial primary decomposition reaction of endosulfan involves a retro Diels–Alder elimination to form hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCP) and 4,7-dihydro-1,3,2-dioxathiepine-2-oxide(2HDTO). Under these conditions, 2HDTO decomposes via two competing reaction channels, both eliminating SO 2 . At reaction temperatures of 663 K and above, fission of a Cl atom results in the formation of endosulfan radical, which promotes further decomposition of endosulfan via a low barrier free radical pathway. As the temperature increases further, we observe a rise in secondary products including pentachlorocyclopentadiene (PCCP), tetrachlorostyrene (TCS) and pentachlorostyrene (PCS). At 823 K, chlorinated benzene products were identified comprising pentachlorobenzene and isomers of tetrachlorobenzenes which are known precursors for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans PCDD/PCDF under oxidative conditions. Under oxidative conditions (10% oxygen), PCDD/PCDF congeners are formed, dominated by mono- to octa- chlorinated dibenzofurans and tetra- to octa- chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of MRD remains one of the major goals in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–heteroduplex (HD) analysis to assess and confirm the clonal expansion of T cell receptor (TCR) γ and δ gene rearrangements in 24 T-ALL patients at diagnosis. 52.4% revealed Vδ1-Jδ1; 48% Vδ2-Dδ3; 62.5% Vγ1-Jγ1 and 46% both Vδ1-Jδ1 and Vγ1-Jγ1 clonal rearrangements. 6/24 patients had TAL-1 deletion. These clonal markers were used to monitor MRD in remission/relapse bone marrow samples for periods ranging from 6 to 75 months after diagnosis. Patients who relapsed and died revealed a continuous PCR–HD positivity in their clinical remission bone marrow samples. HD analysis established identical diagnostic clone at relapse. Patients who are in long-term clinical and morphological remission achieved PCR–HD negativity in their 8–12 months bone marrow remission samples and continue to be PCR–HD negative. MRD monitored in six patients with two diagnostic PCR–HD positive clonal markers reveal an identical pattern ensuring circumvention of false positive and negative results. Thus, we conclude that PCR followed by HD analysis is a useful technique to monitor MRD in remission/relapse samples in ALL patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Report reveals the pathological cascade in metabolic disorders. • Molecular signalling explain how gut bacteria leads to diabesity. • Report explains the vicious circle of pathology between diabesity & dysbiosis. • Report highlights the involved diverse metabolites, receptor & microorganism. • Understanding of molecular events help to establish the novel therapies. A healthy life depends on the inseparable relationship between a host and the gut microbiota. A healthy gut microbiota regulates intestinal integrity, whereas an unbalanced gut microbiota contributes to junctional remodeling and leads to dysbiosis. Bacterial infiltration and dysbiosis are reported to activate a series of pathological cascades that trigger metabolic abnormalities, including diabesity. Conversely, recent studies revealed that the incidence of dysbiosis itself is fuelled by diabesity. In this review, we highlight the molecular aspects of multifaceted pathological signaling between dysbiosis and diabetes that could pave the way for new drug discovery. Moreover, to reinstate the gut microbiota and restrict the epidemic of dysbiosis and diabesity, we also scrutinize a promising therapeutic strategy that can challenge the pathological interlink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide environmental issues have been escalating with the growth of the global economy and become a vital problem. To solve the problems, we require an eco-friendly and sustainable binary catalyst for the degradation of Azo dye pollutants. In this work, magnetically reusable, multifunctional novel Mn-doped CdAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles were effectively fabricated by the co-precipitation approach. It was utilized for the degradation of two Azo dyes, exhibiting 96 and 98% Mn (0.050 M)-doped CdAl 2 O 4 removal rates under visible light illumination, and presenting improved photocatalytic capability than that of pure and other dopants. More notably, the Mn (0.050 M)-doped CdAl 2 O 4 catalyst was recycled using centrifuges without major loss and displays almost similar photodegradation behaviors for six successive runs. According to the ESR measurements, outcome and quenching tests affirmed that .OH− and h+ radicals were better reactive species responsible for Azo dyes removal. A possible photodegradation reaction mechanism underlying the elimination of Azo dyes by Mn (0.050 M)-doped CdAl 2 O 4 catalyst is also proposed. Elaborated analyzes by variable reaction parameters such as the role of reactive species and catalyst dosage, pH, COD and irradiation time in the degradation route was also discussed. We assume that our outcomes will provide novel insights into using a highly effectual Mn (0.050 M)-doped CdAl 2 O 4 catalyst, with possible applications in the treatment of both industrial and domestic wastewater. [Display omitted] • Mn-doped CdAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles were fabricated for the first time by a chemical co-precipitation route. • UV-DRS, ESR and PL investigation affirm the existence of Vo or lattice defects in the present product. • The recyclable Mn-doped CdAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles exhibited an improved dye degradation properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial wastewater treatment techniques are one of the biggest challenges of the scientific community that necessitate an increased consciousness to address water scarcity worldwide. Herein, an eco-friendly and cost-effective process was demonstrated to cope with tannery, textile and pharmaceutical dye wastes through the co-precipitation of highly reusable Fe-doped CdAl 2 O 4 samples. The XRD studies exposed the space group R 3 ‾ with no secondary phase step being found for all samples. The outcomes of optical absorbance spectra demonstrate that Fe doping diminished the energy gap from 3.66 to 1.67 eV. HR-TEM images of existing spherical particles and some of the particles' rod-like structures with little agglomeration were found for Fe (0.075 M) doped CdAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles. The PL emission outcomes show that Fe doping effectively prevented the charge carrier's recombination in CdAl 2 O 4 during photocatalysis. All Fe-doped CdAl 2 O 4 samples demonstrated higher photodegradation behaviors towards the effectual degradation of both dye solutions as compared to pure CdAl 2 O 4 samples. Particularly, Fe (0.075 M)-doped CdAl 2 O 4 samples exhibited improved photodegradation performance of 93 and 95% for both dye solutions. The amount of photodegradation was noticed to rely on dye pH, irradiation time, catalyst dosage, initial dye amount, and reactive species. The recyclability of the Fe (0.075 M) doped CdAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles denotes that 78 and 82% of BB and BG were removed up to the 6th run of usage. The outcomes of trapping tests,.OH− and h+ radicals were the major Scavenging in the photodegradation reaction. COD studies affirmed the whole mineralization of BB and BG dye molecules. It is expected that our present examination could offer to improve various spinal oxide materials for the photodegradation activity of pharmaceutical contaminants and environmental issues and can also resolve energy storage applications. [Display omitted] • A novel pure and Fe-doped CdAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles fabricated by chemical co-precipitation approach. • Fe (0.075 M) doped CdAl 2 O 4 catalyst removed 94 and 96% for BB and BG dyes under visible illumination. • ·OH− and h+ radicals were the major scavenging species in the degradation of the two Azo dyes. • Fe (0.075 M) doped CdAl 2 O 4 catalyst showed 78 and 84% degradation efficiencies in six consecutive runs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel Ni-doped CdAl 2 O 4 nanocatalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation approach. • Spherical and rod-like morphology of optimized catalyst is found in the TEM study. • The .OH− and h + radicals played a leading role in the photodegradation process. • Greater photodegradation performance of doped catalyst against BB and BG dyes than pure. • The ni (0.075 M) doped catalyst showed excellent stability and can recycle for sixth runs. The existence of azo dyes (BB and BG) in textile wastewater is a major problem owing to their possible effect on human health and the environment. In this work, we examine the photodegradation performance under the visible sources of BB and BG are Azo dyes extensively applied in the food and textile industries. An initial screening of dissimilar Ni-doped CdAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles was determined to classify the most outstanding candidate for BB and BG removal. The Ni (0.075 M) doped CdAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles after 90 min illuminations, 95 and 96% of BB and BG removal were noticed in pH =5 (acidic) and 5 mg catalyst dosage conditions. The recyclability of the Ni (0.075 M) doped CdAl 2 O 4 catalyst was tested under optimized circumstances. The outcomes demonstrate that Ni (0.075 M) doped CdAl 2 O 4 products exhibit substantially high stability with above 85 and 90% removal after the sixth catalytic run. The scavenging (free radicals) experiments revealed that .OH− and h + radicals play a central role in BB and BG degradation. Overall, the outcomes obtained propose that the suggested route may denote an appropriate technique for the elimination of BB and BG from textile wastes. This work shows the new pathway to improve more efficient materials for the elimination of industrial effluents. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrialization and globalization, both on an international and local scale, have caused large quantities of toxic chemicals to be released into the environment. Thus, developing an environmental pollutant sensor platform that is sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective is extremely important. In current years, considerable progress has been made in the expansion of electrochemical sensors and biosensors to monitor the environment using nanomaterials. A large number of emerging biomarkers are currently in existence in the biological fluids, clinical, pharmaceutical and bionanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensor platforms have drawn much attention. Electrochemical systems have been used to detect biomarkers rapidly, sensitively, and selectively using biomaterials such as biopolymers, nucleic acids, proteins etc. In this current review, several recent trends have been identified in the growth of electrochemical sensor platforms using nanotechnology such as carbon nanomaterials, metal oxide nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles, biomaterials and polymers. The integration strategies, applications, specific properties and future projections of nanostructured materials for emerging progressive sensor platforms are also observed. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of nanoparticles in the field of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. [Display omitted] • A summary of the various nanomaterials used for electrochemical and biosensors was presented. • In order to evaluate the characteristic performance of sensors, a performance analysis was discussed. • Sensors and biosensors based on advanced electrochemical technology. • An investigation is conducted into the importance of nanomaterials and their behavioral properties. • A sensor technology that is used to monitor the health of humans and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]