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The rational design and construction of nanostructured materials have a great impact on the development of high-performance advanced electrode materials, which has attracted extensive attention to improve reliable and efficient energy storage devices. Herein, we report vertically aligned CoMoO 4 nanoflakes with interconnected network-like porous structures as Faradic battery-type electrode materials for the advancement of supercapacitors (SCs). The nanoarchitecture CoMoO 4 electrode materials were effectively fabricated through simple hydrothermal method and subsequent heat-treatment under different temperatures. Further, the effect of heat-treatment on the electrodes materials' structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties were investigated by utilizing various characterization techniques. The unique nanoarchitecture of the 400 °C heat-treated CoMoO 4 (CMO1) endows a facile pathway for the fast diffusion of the electrolyte ions and mass transfer reaction. Interestingly, the CMO1 (400 °C) electrode exhibits the specific capacity of 499 C g−1, which is higher than those of the CMO2 (500 °C) of 385 C g−1 and CMO3 (600 °C) of 260 C g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) tailored with CMO1 as a positrode and activated carbon as a negatrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 102 F g−1 with excellent energy and power densities of 31.61 W h kg−1 and 19.29 kW kg−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphous materials have been known to be intrinsically brittle under tensile stress. This is especially true in silicon-based and metallic-based glasses. In particular, for the latter, they quite often show promising mechanical properties superior to their crystalline counterparts. However, lacking tensile ductility strongly prohibits them from servicing the societies. Although with decades of immense research efforts, we are still waiting for a sophisticated solution. To march in this direction, in this work, we are dedicated to finding a practical method by smart fractal nano-architecture design through advanced computational modeling. This mainly aims to circumvent the intrinsic strain localization at the nano-scale to avoid catastrophic failure. By distributing the external strain to numerous self-confined nano-branches, we successfully achieve astonishing and tunable tensile ductility. This strategy proves to be very effective for different classes of amorphous materials. We found that the tensile properties of the nano-architectured glasses depend on both the constituent elements and the nanostructure. This demonstrates our flexible capability to design desired mechanical properties for a specific material at any spatial length scale. The current findings will inspire experimental realization by cutting-edge 3D-printing techniques and call for optimal design by top-notch graph neural network deep learning algorithms. This work also proposes a new 'structure'-property relationship to efficiently bridge experimental fabrication and computational design. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop onsite applicable cancer diagnosis technologies, a noninvasive human biofluid detection method with high sensitivity and specificity is required, available for classifying cancer from the normal group. Herein, a three-dimensional evolutionary gold nanoarchitecture (3D-EGN) is developed by forming Au nanosponge (AuS) on a 96-well plate, followed by a decoration of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) evolved with Au nanolamination (AuNL) for high-throughput urine sensing in liquid phase. The 3D-EGN exhibits not only strong electromagnetic field generated from numerous hotspot regions between AuNPs and further enhanced light scattering from multigrain boundaries after lamination process, but also highly volumetric field due to nanoporous structure of AuS, which is advantageous for sensitive liquid-phase SERS detection. SERS activity of the 3D-EGN platform is characterized using malachite green, showing a limit detection of 1.23 × 10−9 M in liquid phase, and excellent uniformities both within single well and well-to-well with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of about 10 %. The 3D-EGN platform has been demonstrated for the detection of whole clinical human urine samples, proving effective molecular sensing in the presence of Brownian motion from liquid medium. Subsequently, cancer metabolite candidates are investigated to verify the metabolic alternations of multicancer, including pancreatic, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers, simultaneously classifying them into five different groups, including normal with an accuracy of 95.6 %, using machine-learning methods. The integration of nanomaterials with the conventional clinical platform provides rapid and high-throughput multicancer diagnostic system and opens a new era for noninvasive diseases diagnosis using clinical human biofluids. [Display omitted] • 3D evolutionary plasmonic structure was fabricated on clinical platform for multiple cancer diagnosis using human urines. • The 3D-EGN provided volumetric hotspot, available for liquid-phase urine detection even in the presence of Brownian motion. • Machine learning assisted SERS analysis was demonstrated for multiclassification and identifying metabolic alternations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal carbide or nitride (MXenes), as a novel family of two-dimensional materials, exhibit huge potential for electrochemical energy storage thanks to their excellent electrical conductivity, fast ion diffusion rate, high electrochemical activity and good hydrophilicity. However, the electrochemical properties of MXenes tend to be deteriorated due to the self-restacking phenomenon. Herein, by self-assembly, a unique three-dimensional (3D) Ti 3 C 2 T x -PANI@CNTs (TPCs) nanoarchitecture was constructed. Through optimizing structures, the surface capacitance of TPCs can be tailored to tune energy storage. The optimal specific capacitance up to 431.9 F/g was achieved under 1 A/g. Further, the TPCs nanoarchitectures were prepared into self-standing films with excellent mechanical properties and micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) in various shapes were manufactured based on the film. The MSCs demonstrate competitive energy storage capacities, obtaining an areal capacitance of 78.2 mF/cm2 and energy density of up to 2.72 μWh/cm2, still maintain excellent performance under harsh bending. The strategy for constructing 3D nanoarchitectures and further manufacturing MSCs can inspire the design of novel electrode materials and devices to advance the development in the field of energy storage. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Electrode materials for Supercapacitors were classified based on the dimensionality (0D, 1D, 2D and 3D). • The existing electrode materials were systematically classified based on chemical composition. • Innovative synthetic strategies for the nanoarchitecture of electrode materials for Supercapacitors is provided. • Impact of nanoarchitectures on the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors were studied. Supercapacitors have garnered significant attention in recent years owing to their exceptional attributes, such as high power density, prolonged cycle stability, and the capacity to fulfil the gap between the traditional capacitor and lithium-ion battery. Nanostructures with different dimensions (zero-dimensional, 0D; one-dimensional, 1D; two-dimensional, 2D; and three-dimensional, 3D) were employed as electrodes. Such material's architecture at the nanoscale has resulted in outstanding electrochemical characteristics, contributing to the development of high-performance Supercapacitors. Recent advances in the design of nanostructured electrode materials for Supercapacitors were highlighted and new insight into the structure property relationship is provided in this authoritative review. Unique classification of electrode materials based on dimensionality, namely, 0D, 1D, 2D and 3D was provided with emphasis on performance, namely, specific capacitance, energy density, power density and cyclability. The impact of nanostructures on key Supercapacitor properties that include the specific capacitance, charge transfer kinetics, diffusion, rate capability, as well as cycle life were also highlighted. These insights serve as a guidance for the development of commercially viable Supercapacitors with applications in day to day life, for instance, in drones used in the war-zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ubiquitous electromagnetic interference and pollution have become a deteriorating issue with the rapid advancement of wireless communication technologies and devices. Developing enhanced microwave absorber is a feasible and persistent research hotspot to counter serious electromagnetic radiation problems. To this end, state-of-the-art low-dimensional materials, including zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and mixed-dimensional nanoarchitectures have sprung up on account of their built-in merits including the modulable crystal and electronic structures, exquisite nanoarchitectures, and quantum and dielectric confinement effects. However, the pristine low-dimensional materials perform inferior status in microwave attenuation due to the monotonous dielectric or magnetic responses, the incoordination between wavelength and nanoscale, and semi-empirical electromagnetic attenuation mechanism. Therefore, the elaborate engineering strategies in low-dimensional materials, such as architecture modification, interface engineering, defect engineering, entropy manipulation, and dielectric-magnetic synergy are motivated to contend for enhanced microwave absorption performance. This review provides the cutting-edge progresses of engineering strategies for low-dimensional microwave absorbers. Firstly, the underlying microwave attenuation mechanisms of low-dimensional microwave absorbers are introduced thoroughly. Then, the leading-edge engineering strategies and low-dimensional microwave absorbers inspired by the basic principle of microwave attenuation are summarized and outlined. In the end, the challenges, and outlooks for engineering strategies in low-dimensional microwave absorbers are combed to pinpoint the long-term development orientation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reasonable structural design is significant to enable the performance in advanced energy storage devices. Herein, a 3D honeycomb-like CoMn 2 O 4 nanoarchitecture (CMO) on nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) coating Ni foam (denoted as Ni/NG/CMO) flexible battery-type electrode was prepared by a facile two-step hydrothermal strategy. The honeycomb-like CoMn 2 O 4 arrays not only provide abundant active sites but can also be closely combined with the Ni foam/NG substrate, which enables high reversible capacity and good cycle stability during the long cycles. Benefiting from the compositional features and 3D honeycomb-like nanoarchitecture, the Ni/NG/CMO composite electrode displays improved electrochemical performance with remarkable specific capacity of 527.0C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, outstanding rate capability (338.6C g−1 even at 20 A g−1). In addition, a flexible binder-free supercapattery device has been assembled with Ni/NG/CMO as positive electrode and 3D Ni/NG as negative electrode. Such a supercapattery delivers a high energy density of 44.1 Wh·kg−1 at 992.6 W kg−1, 20.3 Wh·kg−1 at 12430.0 W kg−1 as well as excellent cycling durability. The 3D honeycomb-like Ni/NG/CMO could be considered as an advanced flexible battery-type material for high capacity and energy density fields. • 3D honeycomb-like Ni foam/nitrogen-doped graphene/CoMn 2 O 4 has been synthesized. • The Ni/NG/CMO electrode exhibits remarkable specific capacity of 527.0C g−1 at 1 A g−1. • The Ni/NG/CMO//Ni/NG supercapattery is successfully designed. • The device has achieved a satisfied energy density of 44.1 Wh·kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PB-GQD nanoarchitecture shows high electrochemical catalytic activity and stability for H 2 O 2 reduction reaction. [Display omitted] • As a novel electrocatalyst, PB-GQD nanoarchitecture is fabricated by a one-step electrochemical method. • Smaller and evenly distributed PB NPs in PB-GQD reduce the strain caused by volume changes. • The loss of PB NPs in PB-GQD is effectively suppressed under neutral or higher pH conditions. • The PB-GQD exhibits high electrochemical catalytic activity and stability toward H 2 O 2 reduction. • PB-GQD shows excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability for the determination of H 2 O 2. The reduction reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) stands as a pivotal electrochemical process holding the promise of revolutionizing energy conversion and water treatment applications. Realizing this potential hinges on the development of electrocatalysts that not only exhibit exceptional activity but also demonstrate unwavering stability. Herein, we propose a pioneering electrocatalyst composed of Prussian blue (PB)-graphene quantum dot (GQD) (PB-GQD) nanoarchitecture fabricated through an in-situ electrochemical method. The PB-GQD nanoarchitecture boasts precisely crafted PB nanoparticles (NPs) that exhibit remarkable electrochemical catalytic activity and stability, offering a substantial advancement over conventional PB NPs structure used as a control. The augmentation of electrocatalytic performance in the PB-GQD nanoarchitecture can be attributed to the symbiotic relationship between PB NPs and GQD. This synergy is engendered through electrostatic attraction and/or coordination interactions between PB precursor's iron cations and GQD's multivalent polyanions. This unique arrangement accelerates heterogeneous electron transport, endows the structure with abundant electrochemically active sites, and shortens mass transfer lengths. Notably, GQD's presence, rich with hydroxyl (–OH) and carboxylic (–COOH) groups, mitigates the decomposition of PB NPs into Fe(OH) 3 in neutral or higher pH solutions. This preservation mechanism ensures sustained, elevated electrocatalytic performance for H 2 O 2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A versatile synthetic method for cefazolin anchored citric acid dendrimers is delineated. • The structural elucidation and its purity are analyzed using various spectroscopic, thermal and microscopic techniques. • The drug membrane interactions are enumerated through confocal microscopy, hemolytic and MTT assay studies. • The drug release kinetics and their significance on various pharmacokinetic parameters are elucidated. The potent bacterial infections serve as the primary cause of mortality due to the absence of novel antibacterial therapy. The present investigation synthesized citric acid dendrimers through the divergent method that serves as a suitable platform in fulfilling the prerequisites of drug delivery. The cytotoxicity studies revealed 5.4 ± 0.3% of cell viability at 0.5 μg/ml and 35±0.3% at 300 μg/ml after 36 h. The IC 50 values on Human Alveolar Epithelial (HAE) cells for unmodified dendrimers were 1.36±0.06 mg ml−1while for PEG CZ G5 dendrimers were 35.19±0.15 mg/mlwith 9 ± 0.18% hemolysis. The significant differences were due to the variations in drug content and PEG shield density at the terminal surface. The Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) uptake and dichlorofluorescein intensity for PEG CZ G2 dendrimers was 24.15 ± 1.24% and 42.3 ± 0.12%whichincreased significantly with the degree of pegylation and revealed 72.5 ± 1.03% and 79.2 ± 0.24%for PEG CZ G5 dendrimers. The increased ROS concentrations altered the mitochondrial functioning and served as a proof for antibacterial effect. Drug release pattern when heuristically fitted into various kinetic models specified zero-order release with non-fickian diffusion. Antibacterial investigations and pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the synthesized generations were quite effective against various bacterial pathogens with optimized concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among many biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), generated by microorganisms, have highly attracted attention in various fields due to their unique physicochemical properties. So far, various types of progresses have been made in environmental and engineering fields by employing PHAs. Recently, employing PHAs for nanoarchitecture has become a newly emerging trend among researchers. The intrinsic nature of PHAs has dragged them towards fabrication of nanoparticles and nanocomposites. PHAs integration with nanoparticles has been vastly noted and applied in various areas such as drug delivery, antibacterial agents and bioengineering. Here, a brief review is given to how PHAs act and are produced by microorganisms, demonstrating their properties and finally, their most recent applications are discussed in nanoarchitecture and the ways they are manipulated in the fabrication of nanomaterials. This review can shed light on the exhaustive understanding of PHA capability in nanoarchitectural basics toward the development of advanced nanomaterials in many fields such as medicine, catalysis, sensor, and adsorbents. • Application of polyhydrohxyalkanoates in nanotechnology • Nanoarchitecture of polyhydroxyalkanoates • Coming up with new generation of biopolymers by applying nanotechnology • Bacterial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates using carbohydrates as feedstock • Conversion of carbohydrate based abundant materials to value added nanomaterials [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pt nanopillar-array 3D electrodes with nanopillar length of 150, 450 and 900 nm and nanopillar density of ~109 cm−2 were fabricated. Their catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was evaluated by linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In comparison with straightly electrodeposited black Pt film and forged Pt sheet electrodes, the HER current density has been significantly improved by the nanopillar-array architecture. The overpotential of HER at current density of 10 mA cm-2 at 26 °C is as low as 78 mV, lower than the black Pt film of 107 mV and the Pt sheet of 174 mV. The improvement of HER is ascribed to the low charge transfer resistance of the 3D electrode and the high desorption capability of hydrogen bubbles at the nanotips. Interestingly, the nanopillar-array 3D electrode has an optimal nanopillar length for HER. The mechanisms for the optimal nanopillar length were investigated here. Image 1 • Pt nanopillar-array 3D Electrodes with various nanopillar lengths were prepared. • The nanopillar-array nanoarchitecture highly improves the electrode efficiency. • The tips of nanopillars facilitate the desorption of hydrogen bubbles. • The nanopillar-array film has an optimal thickness for hydrogen evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A MoS 2 -based nanoarchitecture (CeZrO x -MoS 2 @PDA) capable of inducing a strong labyrinth effect within EP matrix was designed. • The nanoarchitectures were homogeneously dispersed in EP matrix, showing good conditions for the formation of strong labyrinth barrier effect. • The PHRR, THR and SF of EP/CeZrO x -MoS 2 @PDA were reduced by 35.5%, 29.1% and 54.5%, respectively. • The ternary nanoarchitecture also resulted in a 56.8% increase in the storage modulus of EP composites. • The excellent performances were associated with the strong labyrinth effect, char-forming effect and free radical quenching effect of nanoarchitectures. To overcome the shortcomings of epoxy resins (EP) such as high flammability and emission of toxic gases, a MoS 2 -based nanoarchitecture (CeZrO x -MoS 2 @PDA) was designed and prepared through surface engineering and functionalization method. At 2 wt% incorporation, the nanoarchitectures were homogeneously dispersed in EP matrix, showing good conditions for the formation of strong labyrinth barrier effect. Concurrently, EP/CeZrO x -MoS 2 @PDA offered enhanced thermal stability with higher char residues and lower maximum weight loss rate (MLR) value. Furthermore, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and smoke factor (SF) of EP/CeZrO x -MoS 2 @PDA were reduced by 35.5%, 29.1% and 54.5%, respectively, while the CO release rate and CO 2 release rate were dropped significantly, which was associated with the strong labyrinth effect, good char-forming effect and beneficial free radical quenching effect of CeZrO x -MoS 2 @PDA nanoarchitecture. Moreover, the ternary nanoarchitecture also resulted in a 56.8% increase in the storage modulus of EP composites. Therefore, the CeZrO x -MoS 2 @PDA developed in this work contributed to the generation of high performance EP with excellent fire resistance and mechanical properties, providing a promising strategy for the design of superior EP composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • This is a prototype of eco-mimetic engineering. • Eco-mimetic nanoarchitecture is constructed, approaching green EMI shielding. • Inspired by nature, a novel strategy is developed to highly tailor nanoarchitecture. • It features 3D continuous dual conductive nets, greatly advantaged in attenuation. • Its honeycomb-like surface endows equivalent wedge effect suppressing reflection. Abstract One big issue in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is ignored, that is no consideration of friendliness to overall environment. Developing green EMI shielding materials is significantly imperative, because strong secondary reflection causes extra environment burden and worsening hazard. However, synergy of high efficiency and less secondary reflection remains challenging. Herein, learning from brilliant wisdom of nature, 3D eco-mimetic nanoarchitecture is constructed for the first time, successfully approaching green efficient EMI shielding. It features 3D hierarchical dual conductive nets, microcosmically reconstructing both spatial and functional characteristics of natural electromagnetic attenuation system, with highly integrated functions. Its shielding effectiveness (SE) and green shielding index (g s) can be increased by tailoring graphene cycles, showing potential for dual functions of electromagnetic wave absorbing and shielding. The SE reaches ∼54 dB with favorable g s (∼1.44), low density (∼0.1 g/cm3), and good thermal stability (∼96%). This arises from synergy of promoted electron hopping, induced multiple polarization centers, assembled magnetic resonance and especially, equivalent wedge effect of honeycomb-like surface. Our findings dig out a new way for developing electromagnetic multifunctional materials with light weight, high efficiency and eco-friendliness in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Hierarchically carambola morphology of SnO 2 is constructed. • SnO 2 electrode achieves high tap density and porous structure. • Wrapping by 3D MWCNT network extends the cycle life. • 3D conductive path boosts the rate capability. • Carambola shaped SnO 2 show high volumetric capacity. Abstract Constructing nanostructures of high capacity materials and hybridizing the same with conductive carbon networks are important for high performing lithium ion batteries. Here, we demonstrate new carambola-shaped crystalline SnO 2 (c-SnO 2), which is wrapped in a three-dimensional multiwalled carbon nanotube network (c-SnO 2 @3D-CNT). The carambola structure of c-SnO 2 is constructed by changing the surface energy of a specific crystalline plane using a potassium fluoride capping agent. The as-designed c-SnO 2 @3D-CNT achieves a high capacity of 1140.2 mA·h·g−1 at 50 mA·g−1, a capacity retention of 50.7% retained at 1000 mA·g−1 relative to 50 mA·g−1, and a cycling stability of 72.0% over 500 cycles at a high rate of 1000 mA·g−1. In particular, the c-SnO 2 @3D-CNT shows a high volumetric capacity of 1674.8 mA·h·cm−3 at 50 mA·g−1 and 849.2 mA·h·cm−3 at 1000 mA·g−1, which is greater than those of previous SnO 2 -based materials. This finding is associated with the compact packing of hierarchical carambola structure having multiple concave surfaces into dense and porous electrode. Therefore, the hierarchical carambola structure and 3D hybrid architecture provide a buffer space for volume expansion and fast ion/electronic conducting pathways, which impart a high volumetric capacity, improved cyclic and rate performances, and higher reversibility than other SnO 2 materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With revolutionary advances in next-generation sequencing, the human transcriptome has been comprehensively interrogated. These discoveries have highlighted the emerging functional and regulatory roles of a large fraction of RNAs suggesting the potential they might hold as stable and minimally invasive disease biomarkers. Although a plethora of molecular-biology- and biosensor-based RNA-detection strategies have been developed, clinical application of most of these is yet to be realized. Multifunctional nanomaterials coupled with sensitive and robust electrochemical readouts may prove useful in these applications. Here, we summarize the major contributions of engineered nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensing strategies for the analysis of miRNAs. With special emphasis on nanostructure-based detection, this review also chronicles the needs and challenges of miRNA detection and provides a future perspective on the presented strategies. Highlights miRNAs play crucial roles in different aspects of many diseases including cancers, suggesting that miRNAs could potentially serve as cancer biomarkers. Considerations that need to be measured to triumph the full functionality of the miRNAs as diagnostics and prognostics markers are discussed. Grand challenges associated with the current miRNA detection strategies are addressed. Multifunctional activity (i.e., porous architecture, magnetic property, enzyme-like activity, conductivity and biocompatibility) of engineered nanomaterials is the key to the functionality and simplicity of many current electrochemical miRNA biosensors. Using the concept of porous architectures, a new class of ferric-oxide-based nanomaterials has recently been developed and explored as (i) dispersible capture agent, (ii) electrocatalyst, and (iii) nanoenzyme in miRNA detection are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Coupled electrical, thermal catalysis of water or CO 2 splitting in solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) offers an efficient route for energy storage. One of the key challenges to its industrialization is the lack of efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution at the anode, especially when the operating temperature is pushed to its lower limit. Here we present advances to tackle this challenge by taking the advantages of the charge transfer dynamics in the junction RuO 2 /perovskite, which enable the high SOEC performance at reduced temperatures. At 1.6 V and 600 °C, the modified SOEC delivers a current density of ~ 2.26 A cm–2, and such high performance is maintained after 90 h. Most importantly, we substantially demonstrate the built-in charge transfer in the junction RuO 2 /perovskite and disclose the electron donation from the Co-O bonding orbitals to the RuO 2 cluster. Overall, this work demonstrates a step change in the design of confined electrodes for reduced temperature SOEC, and it provides a general strategy for the functionalization of solid state material. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • A nanoconfined SOEC anode enables the high OER performance at reduced temperature, i.e., 600 °C. • The electron donation from the Co-O bonding orbitals to the RuO 2 cluster contributes to the high electrochemical performance. • The design and the underlying mechanism contribute to a step change in the development of future electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Design of graphene highly wrapped yolk@shell TiO 2 nanostructures. • Engeenering bi-functional hydrophilic/hydrophobic yolk@shell architectures. • Unusual non-time dependent ultra selective alcohol oxidation under visible light. Abstract Engineered graphene highly wrapped yolk@shell TiO 2 (G-HW-Y@S-TiO 2) architectures were synthesized from fundamental understanding using a multi-step approach as advanced photocatalytic nanomaterials. The resultant G-HW-Y@S-TiO 2 architecture exhibited a superior selective photocatalytic performance in visible light oxidation of aromatic alcohols to corresponding aldehydes (up to 99% in 4 h reaction). Interestingly, the aldehyde was still obtained as single oxidation product after 12 h in presence of G-HW-Y@S-TiO 2 structure. The observed non-time dependent photocatalytic oxidation selectivity can be attributed to the engineered photocatalyst architecture with different hydrophilic level sites between inner core and outer shell that force the hydrophobic aldehyde products to diffuse out from the hydrophilic void space preventing further over-oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black hollow nanocubic TiO 2 (BHC-TiO 2 ) architectures have been synthesized via multi-step approach comprising co-precipitation to prepare hematite nanocubes; titania covering of hematite towards Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 core/shell nanocubes and hydrothermal hematite etching process to yield hollow cubic TiO 2 structures with Ti 3+ species after high temperature hydrogen treatment. The resultant BHC-TiO 2 nanoarchitectures exhibited excelling photocatalytic performance under visible light in the preparation of benzimidazole derivatives. This superior activity can be attributed to the design of BHC-TiO 2 with high surface area (⁓206 m 2 g −1 ), ultrathin shell (⁓50 nm), hydrogenated visible active structure and void nanoreactor-like space in the cubic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We demonstrate a facile and controllable synthesis of horn-like Co 3 O 4 nanostructures through a solvothermal process followed by calcination at different temperatures. The particle sizes and defects of the as-obtained Co 3 O 4 nanohorns are controlled with respect to calcining temperatures, while preserving the horn-like morphology. In particular, the Co 3 O 4 nanohorn electrodes prepared at 300 °C reveal the specific capacitance of ∼2751 F g−1 and the rate capability of 46.8%, which is greater than those of materials obtained at 350, 400, and 450 °C. In order to enlarge the potential window, a hybrid supercapacitor is configured with the Co 3 O 4 nanohorn and activated carbon used as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The as-fabricated hybrid supercapacitor shows high specific capacitance of ∼101 F g−1 and the rate capability of 80.5%. The energy and power densities of hybrid supercapacitor are ∼31.70 W h kg−1 and 16.71 kW kg−1, respectively, along with 91.37% of capacitance retention over 350,000 cycles. These energy and power densities of the hybrid supercapacitors are approximately 8.5 and 3.5 times greater than values of Co 3 O 4 symmetric supercapacitor. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Nanohorn-like Co 3 O 4 architectures are synthesized. • The high specific capacitance of 2751 F g−1 is obtained at the optimized temperature. • Energy density of hybrid supercapacitor is ∼31.70 W h kg−1. • Capacitance retention is 91.37% over 350,000 charge-discharge cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance electrodes for energy conversion systems can be achieved through the selection of materials with appropriate functionality as well as fabricating the desired nanoarchitectures. Nanohybrids of metal and perovskite metal oxide have a great potential as electrodes owing to the combined advantages of the active constituents; however, the controlled hybridization in nanoscale is hindered by the conflicting nature of the metal and perovskite oxide, and it should involve cost-, energy- and time-intensive fabrication techniques. Here, we report an electrochemical process as a facile, cost-effective, and scalable route to fabricating metal–perovskite metal oxide nanohybrids with tailored architectures. We successfully fabricate a Pt@LaCoO 3 nanohybrid that consists of a conformal LaCoO 3 nanonetwork on a nanoporous Pt thin-film framework. We examine this nanohybrid as an electrode for thin-film-based, low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells and demonstrate that the synergistic nanostructuring of Pt@LaCoO 3 leads to exceptionally high oxygen reduction activity at reduced operating temperature and high stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementing a facile and efficient strategy to fabricate the multi-component metal oxide nanocomposites as the high-efficient electroactive electrode materials have gathered the limelight for effective energy storage applications. However, the reasonable design and development of such materials is still a significant challenge to meet the energy storage capability. Herein, we report a bottom-up strategy to fabricate a flower-like ZnCo 2 O 4 /ZnO (ZCO/ZnO) nanoarchitecture via thermal decomposition of a metal-organic framework (MOF). The unique flower-like ZCO/ZnO nanoarchitecture provides a fruitful channel for rapid electron and ion transportation and offers abundant electroactive sites for the battery-type Faradaic charge storage process. Interestingly, the multi-component ZCO/ZnO electrode reveals a specific capacitance of (C sp) of 803 F g−1 at a specific current of 1 A g−1 as compared to its counterparts (ZCO and ZnO). Even at a high specific current of 20 A g−1, a superior C sp of 538 F g−1 can be achieved, signifying the high-rate performance of the ZCO/ZnO electrode. In addition, the hybrid supercapacitor of ZCO/ZnO//AC depicts the C sp of 161 F g−1 at a specific current of 1 A g−1. It delivers a high specific energy of 50.41 Wh kg−1 at a specific power of 710.49 W kg−1, with excellent cyclic retention of around 91.04% over 10,000 cycles. Hence, this strategy could enlighten a pathway to fabricate promising electrode materials for high-performance electrochemical energy devices. [Display omitted] • Fabrication of 3D flower-like ZnCo 2 O 4 /ZnO (ZCO/ZnO) nanoarchitecture. • Flowers are composed of self-assembling and interconnecting many nanosheets. • ZCO/ZnO achieves superior electrochemical performance in terms of C sp and rate capability. • The HSC delivers remarkable Esp and Psp with excellent long-term cyclic retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing highly efficient and stable platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the most essential step toward the commercialization of fuel cells. Highly accessible reactive surfaces play a key role in boosting ORR for superior fuel cell performance due to the adequate exposure of the active surfaces and the feasible mass transport. Herein, we begin with a brief introduction to the design principles for an effective ORR electrocatalyst, which could plausibly possess high activity and durability at the same time. Corresponding with the requirements, the recent progress of rational design based on nanoarchitecture, synthesis, and electrochemical performances of Pt-based electrocatalysts with open construction is reviewed and explained accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diblock copolypeptide amphiphiles have been attracting much interest as motifs for self-assembly in the production of nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanosheets, and nanofibers. In this study, we first focus on the self-assembly of magnetic metal complexes in water using diblock copolypeptides. In addition, not only were nanocomposites formed, but also observed were the development of lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and LCST-induced spin crossover phenomenon, which are discussed. Three composites composed of the iron complex [Fe II (ppi) 2 (NCS) 2 ] (ppi = N -phenyl-2-pyridinalimine) and the diblock copolypeptide amphiphiles 1 and 2 or the polypeptide 3 (containing glutamic acid and leucine) were prepared. Supramolecular structures such as sheets and rectangular morphologies were obtained from composites. A perfectly reversible spin crossover with LCST was successfully generated in the case of composites made with 1 . The technique of combining polypeptide molecules and discrete coordination compounds thus makes it possible to design flexible, reversible, and spin-controllable metastable systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Atomic layered CoO x on MnCo 2 S 4 nanoneedle arrays as core–shell nanoarchitecture. • 10 nm CoO x ALD on MnCo 2 S 4 exhibits rich redox active sites giving specific capacity 628C/g. • MnCo 2 S 4 @10CoO x // AC exhibits energy density of 78.67 Wh/kg at 847 W/kg power density. Multi-metal sulfide nanoarchitecture materials can enhance the performance of supercapacitors by increasing the redox active sites and surface reaction kinetics via the facilitation of more ions/electron pathways. The surface morphologies and developing technology of nanoarchitecture materials significantly affect the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. Therefore, this study deposits an atomic layer of CoO x on MnCo 2 S 4 nanoneedles to develop a potential positrode that can deliver outstanding electrochemical behavior and cycle performance characteristics. The MnCo 2 S 4 nanoneedles are fabricated using a two-step hydrothermal–sulfidation method. Results reveal that the atomic layering of 10-nm CoO x on the surface of MnCo 2 S 4 nanoneedles enhances the specific capacity (to 628C/g (1396F/g)) at a current density of 3 A/g compared to those of pristine MnCo 2 S 4 and other atomic layer-deposited materials owing to the low charge transfer resistance and high surface active sites of the optimized material. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated using the 10-nm CoO x atomic-layered MnCo 2 S 4 as the positrode, and activated carbon as the negatrode. The fabricated device delivers a maximum energy density of 78.67 Wh/kg at a power density of 847 W/kg and stable 8000 charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 5 A/g. The improvement in the electrochemical performance can be attributed to the combined contribution of both components (i.e., atomically-layered CoO x and unique core–shell nanoarchitecture). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practical human biofluid sensing requires a sensor device to differentiate patients from the normal group with high sensitivity and specificity. Label-free molecular identification from human biofluids allows direct classification of abnormal samples, providing insights for disease diagnosis and finding of new biomarkers. Here, we introduce a label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor based on a three-dimensional plasmonic coral nanoarchitecture (3D-PCN), which has strong electromagnetic field enhancement through multiple hot spots. The 3D-PCN was synthesized on a paper substrate via direct one-step gold reduction, forming a coral-like nanoarchitecture with high absorption property for biofluids. This was fabricated as a urine test strip and then integrated with a handheld Raman system to develop an on-site urine diagnostic platform. The developed platform successfully classified the human prostate and pancreatic cancer urines in a label-free method supported by two types of deep learning networks, with high clinical sensitivity and specificity. Our technology has the potential to be utilized not only for urinary cancer diagnosis but also for various human biofluid sensing systems as a future point-of-care testing platform. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, a facile hydrothermal approach is employed in modulated phosphorus-doped CdS (PCdS) nanorods over optimal molar ratio of Ni & Co in LDH to engineer a robust hierarchical PCdS/NiCoLDH photocatalytic system for efficient reduction of CO 2 to methanol under visible light. The S vacancies and their impurity levels are approximately near towards the Fermi levels after interstitial P doping, and is found to be an efficient level to trap electrons in PCdS, which can affect the dynamic characteristics of photogenerated electrons and hence extend their lives. The time-dependent kinetics indicated the selective formation of CH 3 OH with 684 μmolg−1 cat, for 4 h (AQY= 3.8%) and 220 μmol-g−1cat, (AQY= 1.3%) under 20 W LED lamp. The correlation between the electronic structures and photo physical properties of the defect rich photocatalyst is substantiated from the experimental and theoretical studies. The enhanced activity is attributed to the increased CO 2 absorption capacity over the mesoporous structures as well as the interlayer spaces. The sulphur vacancies over the PCdS can provide excess active sites towards activation, light absorption, as well as the CO 2 conversion. This work presents deep insights into the synthesis of NiCo-LDH-based materials with rationally designed carrier transfer behaviors for not only in photocatalytic reactions but also in photovoltaic fields. [Display omitted] • The S vacancy rich heterojunction PCdS/NiCoLDH developed via solvothermal method. • Increased light absorption and efficient charge separation with an optimum P and Ni-Co LDH. • Mechanistic insight and role of S vacancy on enhanced photoactivity is delineated. • Highest CO 2 to CH 3 OH conversion of 171 μmolg−1h−1 cat with AQY= 3.8%. • Long-lived photogenerated electron facilitates efficient photo-redox reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CMTU could effectively adsorb Au (III) anions from an aqueous solution. Au (III) was recovered by CMTU in three mechanisms: (1) Electrostatic attraction of –NH 3 + onto [AuCl 4 ]- with negative charge; (2) Chelation reaction between Au (III) and C=S groups; (3) Partial reduction of adsorbed Au (III) to Au (I) and Au (0). The calculated q m value of Au (III) was 3180.45 mg·g−1 at initial pH 3.0. Therefore, CMTU exhibited great potential application in recovering Au (III). [Display omitted] • CMTU exhibited adsorption capacity for Au (III) with q m = 3180.45 mg·g−1. • Synergistic mechanisms of adsorption, chelation and reduction. • Part of adsorbed Au (III) was reduced to Au (I) and Au (0). • Au (III) adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model. A Cu 2 O and thiourea functionalized MCM-41 (CMTU) nanoarchitecture was prepared for selective recovering of Au (III) from an acidic solution. The material was probed by using SEM-EDS, XPS, XRD, FTIR, and zeta potential to explicate the mechanisms involved in Au (III) recovery. Results revealed that Au (III) (as [AuCl 4 ]-, pH = 3.0) initially was bound with NH 2 and C S on the CMTU surface through electrostatic attraction and chelation, respectively. Then, Au (III) was readily reduced to Au (I) and Au (0) by Cu (I). The maximum adsorption capacity of Au (III) reached 3180.45 mg·g−1 at the initial pH = 3.0 at 318 K, and the adsorption process followed the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters expounded that Au (III) recovery by CMTU was a spontaneously endothermic process. Furthermore, CMTU showed excellent selectivity and reusability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In photosynthesis, an intricate polymeric system is constructed by connecting a light-harvesting antenna network, a molecular water oxidation center, and CO 2 or proton-reduction machinery in a nanolayered architecture as a basic photosynthetic unit for solar-to-fuels conversion. Herein, we present a prototype basic artificial photosynthetic unit by connecting a typical CO 2 /proton reduction catalyst, a cocatalyst and an electron mediator as well as CO 2 activator into a polymer based nano-architectured system for artificial photosynthesis with water and CO 2 . Here, g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets, mimicking the nanolayered thylakoids stacks are demonstrated as promising photocatalytic elements with planar configuration and high surface area, which provide an excellent platform for the assembly of other analogous elements. Au NPs are served as a suitable cocatalyst. ZIF-9, as a typical cofactor to illustrate this concept here, is used as a CO 2 concentrator and an electron mediator to promote the redox reaction. In artificial photosynthesis, driven by light energy, water and CO 2 are served electron donor and carbon source respectively for the generation of H 2 and CO. The artificial unit described here as a simple model, provides an important biomimetic step down a path aligned with the low-cost artificial photosynthetic systems manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel electrochemical nitrite ion (NO 2 − ) biosensor was designed and fabricated by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) into three-dimensional nanoarchitectured electrode (3DNE) using a multicomponent nanocomposite (MCNC) film composed of graphene embedded titanium dioxide nanowires (TiO 2 (G) NWs), thiol-functionalized polyaniline (PANI(SH)), gold nanoparticles (Au), and immobilized cytochrome c (cyt c). The new NO 2 − biosensor was designated as cyt c/TiO 2 (G) NWs@PANI(SH)-Au MCNC/3DNE. The assembly of the 3DNE, involved sequential depositions of PANI(SH) and Au over previously synthesized TiO 2 (G) NWs by electrospinning-hydrothermal processes and immobilization of the cyt c onto the TiO 2 (G) NWs/PANI(SH)/Au MCNC film. The cyt c/TiO 2 (G) NWs@PANI(SH)-Au MCNC/3DNE exhibited direct electron transfer from cyt c to the electrode at a high rate constant (25.34 s −1 ). The fabricated cyt c/TiO 2 (G) NWs@PANI(SH)-Au MCNC/3DNE showed high selectivity to NO 2 − ions with excellent sensitivity (9.2 μA/mM), a wide linear concentration range (10 μM–720 mM), and a low detection limit (0.05 μM). Additionally, the cyt c/TiO 2 (G) NWs@PANI(SH)-Au MCNC/3DNE exhibited high stability with good reproducibility and repeatability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel hierarchical nano-porous structure with laminated and tubular pores was fabricated by two step method in which selective dissolution of lamellar Ti-40 at.% Al alloy was followed by anodization. In the first step, grating structure consisting of α 2 -Ti 3 Al lamellae and crevasses was produced by selective dissolution of γ lamellae from the lamellar alloy. The spacing of gratings was controlled close to visible light wavelength. In the second step, the gratings were anodized and hierarchical porous structure consisting of nano-laminated crevasse and nano pores was formed. The XPS result indicates that the porous structure consists of oxide and hydroxide containing Ti and Al with a molar proportion of 1.5:1. The self-organized pores were homogeneous with a diameter of approximately 20 nm, the depth of pores is 100~200 nm. The dimensions of gratings and pores can be tuned with the combination of alloy composition and conditions of heat treatment, selective dissolution, and anodization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor ion transport and rate capability are the main challenges for LiV 3 O 8 as cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Here we report a novel strategy for enhancing lithium ion transport by building superionic pathways on the surface of Li 0.85 Na 0.15 V 3 O 8 nanosheet. The two-dimensional Li 0.85 Na 0.15 V 3 O 8 nanoparticle with an ion conductive layer of Li x V 2 O 5 on its surface is constructed by a modified sol–gel strategy with carefully controlled sodium incorporation and elements stoichiometry. Ultrathin Li x V 2 O 5 surface layer not only provides facile pathways for lithium migration, but also increases the structure stability during cycling. The Li x V 2 O 5 -Li 0.85 Na 0.15 V 3 O 8 composite displays good high rate capability of 172.3 mAh g −1 at 5 C and excellent cycling stability of 98.9% over fifty cycles. This superior electrochemical property is attributed to the occupation of lithium site by Na + in LiV 3 O 8 host crystals and the surface superionic pathways of Li x V 2 O 5 phase. Therefore, the advantages of both high ion transport and the structure stabilization in present study put forward a new strategy for achieving high-performance LiV 3 O 8 electrode material with tailored nanoarchitecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layer-by-layer (LbL)-engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising group of therapeutic carriers used in an increasing number of biomedical applications. The present study uses a controlled LbL process to create a multidrug-loaded nanoplatform capable of promoting blood circulation time, biodistribution profile and controlling drug release in the dynamic systemic environment. LbL assembly is achieved by sequential deposition of poly- l -lysine (PLL) and poly(ethylene glycol)- block -poly( l -aspartic acid) (PEG- b -PLD) on liposomal nanoparticles (LbL-LNPs). This generates spherical and stable multilayered NPs ∼240 nm in size, enabling effective systemic administration. The numerous functional groups and compartments in the polyelectrolyte shell and core facilitate loading with doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. The nanoarchitecture effectively controls burst release, providing different release kinetics for each drug. LbL-LNPs are pH-sensitive, indicating that intracellular drug release can be increased by the acidic milieu of cancer cells. We further demonstrate that the LbL nanoarchitecture significantly reduces the elimination rates of both drugs tested and markedly extends their systemic circulation times, paving the way for efficacious tumor drug delivery. Because this delivery system accommodates multiple drugs, improves drug half-life and diminishes burst release, it provides an exciting platform with remarkable potential for combination therapeutics in cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cactus-like Mo-WO 3 assembled of 1D nanoneedles and 2D nanosheets was prepared. • The nanoneedles were vertically studding in the nanosheets increasing exposed sites. • Oxygen vacancies generated and the adsorption sites were activated after Mo doping. • The optimized 2%Mo-WO 3 exhibited enhanced sensitivity and recovery time to NO 2. We reported the design of cactus-like Mo-WO 3 nanoarchitecture assembled of 1D nanoneedles and 2D nanosheets for achieving a highly improved NO 2 sensing performance. The nanoneedles were vertically studding between the nanosheets forming a cactus-like WO 3 nanoarchitecture, leading to highly exposed absorption sites. Mo was introduced in the WO 3 nanoarchitecture to introduce oxygen vacancy, resulting in highly activated sites. The resultant 2%Mo-WO 3 delivered the sensitivity (Rg/Ra) of 285 to 10 ppm NO 2 , which was nearly three-times higher than that of pristine WO 3. The recovery time was only 24 s, which was greatly decreased, compared with 172 s of pristine WO 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Dendrimer functionalized titania nanoarchitecture (DFTN) was synthesized. [•] Dye removal ability of DFTN from single and binary systems was studied. [•] The capacity of DFTN to remove DR23, DG6, and DR31 were 244, 189, and 243mg/g, respectively. [•] Adsorption kinetic of dyes was found to conform to pseudo-first order kinetics. [•] Adsorption isotherm of dyes followed Langmuir isotherm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The sensing of gasses/vapors in the ambient air is the focus of attention due to the need to monitor our everyday environment. Photonic crystals are sensing materials of the future because of their strong light-manipulating properties. Natural photonic structures are well-suited materials for testing detection principles because they are significantly cheaper than artificial photonic structures and are available in larger sizes. Additionally, natural photonic structures may provide new ideas for developing novel artificial photonic nanoarchitectures with improved properties. In the present paper, we discuss the effects arising from the sensor temperature and the vapor concentration in air during measurements with a photonic crystal-type optical gas sensor. Our results shed light on the sources of discrepancy between simulated and experimental sensing behaviors of photonic crystal-type structures. Through capillary condensation, the vapors will condensate to a liquid state inside the nanocavities. Due to the temperature and radius of curvature dependence of capillary condensation, the measured signals are affected by the sensor temperature as well as by the presence of a nanocavity size distribution. The sensing materials used are natural photonic nanoarchitectures present in the wing scales of blue butterflies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Nanopore electrochemistry enables the programmable structural complexity. • Chemical atmosphere controls the wire-, tube-, and coil-shaped nanostructures. • Vanadyl ions and L-ascorbic acid regulate the flow of electrons. • Current intensity determines the reduction area and morphological transformation. [Display omitted] We suggest a facile strategy for regulating nanostructures by selecting the additives during spatially confined template-assisted electrodeposition. The chemical atmosphere fostered between the electrolyte and dielectric surface and the electronic pathway cause different crystallization of the inorganic materials depending on the applied external electric field, which controls the final morphologies. The architecture of nanostructures is pivotal to determine material properties at the nanoscale, indicating the importance of harnessing sophisticated nanochemistry to elicit desirable material morphology with uniformity. The simplicity of template-assisted electrodeposition makes it a promising strategy for the fabrication of anisotropic nanomaterials. However, a challenge it faces is the complexity of the materials. This study presents a facile strategy and fabrication mechanism to synthesize nanotubes or nanocoils by selecting additives such as vanadyl ions and L-ascorbic acid. Vanadyl ions stick to the protonated anodized aluminum oxide surface, paving the way for electronic conduction. When a higher electrical field is applied, linear sweep voltammetry implies surface conduction mode is dominant in the spatially confined template. As L-ascorbic acid is included in the electrolyte, the nanostructure can be regulated from nanotubes to nanocoils. The nanocoils consist of numerous nanocrystalline primary particle considered as building blocks, and their relationship affects the final structures. The reaction product, vanadyl ascorbate, acts as a hurdle by partially hindering surface conduction and a helical modifier, inducing the formation of primary particle and their nanocoil assembly. Finally, a state diagram is provided to illustrate the diverse nanostructures at optimized applied current and additive ratio conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A CoS2/graphene nanoarchitecture was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal route using graphite oxide, thioacetamide, and CoCl2·6H2O as the starting materials. The growth of CoS2 and the reduction of the graphite oxide occur simultaneously. CoS2 nanocrystals with a size of 100−150nm are uniformly anchored on the both sides of the graphene nanosheets, forming a unique CoS2/graphene hybrid nanostructure. The electrochemical tests showed that the nanocomposite exhibits obviously enhanced Li-storage properties compared with bare CoS2. The improvement in electrochemical properties could be attributed to the formation of two-dimensional conductive networks, homogeneous dispersion and immobilization of CoS2 nanoparticles, and the enhanced wetting of active material with the electrolyte by in situ introduced graphene nanosheets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Fe3O4 nanoparticles were deposited electrochemically on an array of Cu nanoribbons and used as the anode for lithium ion batteries. The three-dimensional (3D) nanostructure of the Fe3O4 anode was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Galvanostatic cycling tests revealed that the 3D nanostructured Fe3O4 anode exhibited a superior performance. Reversible capacity was measured as high as 870mAhg−1 after 280 cycles (at a current density of 385mAg−1, 0.42C) and also shown an excellent rate capability that was determined at 231mAhg−1 under the rate of 8000mAg−1 (∼9C). The superior performance of the 3D nanostructured Fe3O4 electrode has been attributed to its peculiar structure, which allows one-dimensional electron transport on the array, as well as to the decrease in interparticle contact resistance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel 3-D nanoarchitectured platform based on Pt nanoparticles (nPts) is developed for the sensing of sub-nanomolar levels of hydrogen peroxide and for the fabrication of amperometric biosensor for uric acid, cholesterol and glucose. The nPts have been immobilized on the thiol functional group containing sol–gel silicate 3-D network derived from 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS). The nanoparticles on the 3-D architecture have size distribution between 7 and 10nm. The nPts on the platform efficiently catalyze the oxidation of H2O2 at the potential of +0.45V in the absence of enzymes and redox mediators. This nanoarchitectured platform is highly sensitive and can detect H2O2 at sub-nanomolar levels (0.1nM) in neutral solution. The nanoarchitectured platform does not suffer from interference due to other common easily oxidizable interfering agents. Excellent reproducibility, long-term storage and operational stability are observed. This platform is used to determine H2O2 concentration in rainwater and for the fabrication of biosensors. Amperometric oxidase-based biosensing platforms are developed by integrating the enzymes and nPts with the silicate network for the sensing of uric acid cholesterol and glucose. The enzyme encapsulated 3-D architecture retains the enzymatic activity and efficiently detects enzymatically generated H2O2 without any interference. These biosensors are stable and show excellent sensitivity and fast response time. A linear response was obtained for a wide concentration range of all analytes. The practical utilization of the biosensor for the measurement of uric acid, cholesterol and glucose in serum sample is demonstrated. The biological sample analysis was validated with clinical laboratory measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The use of DNA as a molecular wire in nanoscale electronic architectures would greatly benefit from its capability of sequence-specific self-assembly. Although single electrons and positive charges have been shown to be transmitted by natural DNA over a distance of several base pairs, the high ohmic resistance of unmodified oligonucleotides imposes a serious obstacle. Exchanging some or all of the Watson–Crick base pairs in DNA by metal complexes may solve this problem and evolve DNA-like materials with superior conductivity for future nano-electronic applications. The so-called metal–base pairs are formed from suitable transition metal ions and ligand-like nucleosides which are introduced into both of the two pairing strands by automated DNA synthesis. This review illustrates the basic concepts of metal–base pairing and highlights recent developments in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large fraction of dorsal wing surface ground scales show an unusual granulated nature, composed of material apparently extruded from the scale lumen in male individuals of both Trichonis Hewitson, 1865 species in the tribe Eumaeini, a rare Guyanian–Amazonian genus. Only a few not-granulated male specimens are known, females are not granulated. The granulated scales are investigated by various microscopic (optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, focused ion beam lamella cutting) and spectroscopic (optical reflectance, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS), Raman) techniques. The characteristic blue colour unique in the South American representatives of the tribe is documented and analysed. EDS spectra show that the granules contain additional calcium and oxygen as compared with the un-granulated regions of the same scale. Electron diffraction (inside the TEM) did not reveal any crystalline component in the granules. The granulated wing surfaces of the males exhibit a UV absorption band at 280 nm, characteristic for biogenic CaCO 3 ; therefore, the material of the granules is tentatively identified as CaCO 3. It is shown that the granules influence the optical properties of the dorsal wing surface resulting in a characteristic spectrum. • Lycaenidae wings have layers of cover and ground scales. • In general cover scale lumen contains colour generating nanoarchitectures. • Ground scale lumen is undifferentiated structurally. • Trichonis male dorsal wingsurface ground scales are uniquely granulate-structured. • The granules influence the optical properties of the dorsal wingsurface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nanotechnology research has already proved and implemented several nanoscale devices. However, due to high defect ratios, large parameter variability and reduced noise margins, special architectures are needed to build reliable mid/large nanocircuits. Up to date several architectures have been proposed to design circuits in the nanoscale, but they do not consider the entire nanoscale environment. In this work, we propose and analyze a cell architecture based on the averaging of multiple nanodevices which is capable of alleviating the three main problems of the nanodevices at the gate level (internal noise, device parameter variation and defects). The proposed structure has a low implementation complexity which further reduces the fabrication defects. Using this cell architecture we present 2 and 3-input NAND gates showing their output response and error probabilities. Finally, we show that it is possible to improve the cell error tolerance by taking advantage of interferences among nanodevices which reduces the standard deviation by a factor larger than . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, a defect-tolerant reconfigurable multimedia computing architecture for nanotechnologies is proposed. The reconfigurable nanoarchitecture is composed of the array-based function units, the flexible interconnection networks, and the on-chip memories. With these components, the architecture can perform not only 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-bit simple operations but also some novel operations flexibly. The defect-tolerant reconfigurable nanoarchitecture also incorporates a high communication bandwidth interconnection networks that enables it to easily route around defects, has significant implications for any nanoscale multimedia computations. The kernel component of the reconfigurable computing (RC) engine is the general-purpose processing cluster (GPPC) array, which performs the data-parallelism operations efficiently using the SIMD instructions. For the efficient connectivity, the inter-GPPC-row reconfigurable network is also proposed to achieve the requirements of high flexibility, low complexity, small area, and short network delay. Owing to flexible reconfiguration, multimedia applications can be performed efficiently on the proposed defect-tolerant reconfigurable nanoarchitecture. This is the key to enabling the design of robust nanosystem. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The synthesis and photochromic properties of novel 2,2-diarylnaphthopyrans were described. Significantly, the nanostructured architecture through two-component self-assembly of a photochromic naphthopyran and an asymmetric biphenyl was determined by X-ray diffraction. The structure motifs of nanocavities were formed by Cl⋯O interactions and Ar–H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds among the photochromic naphthopyran molecules. It was further shown by TEM that the dimensions of cavity structures were up to nanometer level, which provides the potential to capture useful nanoscale entities and control photochromism in organic materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this study, various bio-inspired micro-/nano-scaled cylindrical patterns were designed by controlling their width and interspacing over a silicon substrate by using 3D photo/colloidal lithography techniques. The surface morphology and cross-sectional images confirmed the exact fabrication of bio-inspired textures. The as-prepared bio-inspired surface textures were coated with polydimethylsiloxane as a soft negative template and then covered with polyaniline (PANI) to investigate the morphology effect in supercapacitor application. Results showed that the bio-inspired texture with micro-/nano-architectured surface of two different widths and interspacing of 5 µm and 500 nm provided the best PANI capacitance performance of 429 F/g amongst other single and non-patterned (plain) templates with capacitance performances of 364 and 316 F/g, respectively, at 5 mV/s. Moreover, reduced graphene oxide was successfully incorporated into PANI; characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy; and investigated for supercapacitor performance by using the bio-inspired micro/nano-template. A synergistic performance of 614 F/g was observed at 1 A/g with excellent capacitive retention of 85% after 10,000 cycles. Efficient flexibility was also found over long-term cycling without defects in the performance. Thus, these novel bio-inspired electrodes could open the door for developing further portable bio-inspired electronic devices in the future. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Defect-rich hierarchical hybrid was fabricated by simultaneous etching and coprecipitation. • Hybrid was constructed by amino-functionalized iron-based MOFs and FeCo(OH) x nanosheets. • Hybrid have larger specific surface area and high hydrophilicity. • Hybrid have faster access of electrolytes and release of gas bubbles due to abundant defect and high hydrophilicity. • The hybrids exhibited the superior activity and stability for OER, which exceeds commercial RuO 2 electrocatalyst. MOFs modified FeCo(OH) x hierarchical architecture with larger specific surface area and high hydrophilicity is fabricated through the simultaneous etching and coprecipitation operation, which exhibits a superior electrocatalytic OER activity and excellent electrochemical stability. [Display omitted] The multiple nanoarchitecture of hybrids integrated hydroxides with metal organic framework (MOF) is a new type of promising electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, most of these catalysts have the poor electrical conductivity and superhydrophobicity which seriously restrict their practical applications. In this paper, an amino-functionalized iron-based MOF modified FeCo(OH) x (denoted as Am-FeCo(OH) x) hybrid is fabricated via the simultaneous operation of the etching for iron-based MOF octahedron and the coprecipitation for the metal cation in the etchants. Compared to iron-based MOF and hydroxide, Am-FeCo(OH) x hierarchical architecture manifested the enhanced catalytic activity and hydrophilicity, which can be attributed to the more exposed active sites, the accelerating access of electrolytes, the promoted proton-coupled electron transfer capability and the efficient release of gas bubbles. The optimized Am-FeCo(OH) x exhibited an excellent OER activity with a low overpotential of 257 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and robust electrochemical stability with no obvious degradation over 16 h. This work provides an effective methodology for rational design of other hydrophilic hydroxide composites targeting the electrocatalysts with high performance for water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel electrochemical sensor for the detection of carbendazim was designed based on MXene/CNHs/β-CD-MOFs electrode. • MXene/CNHs was synthesized via electrostatic self-assembly strategy. • MXene/CNHs showed high specific surface area, conductivity and abundant active sites. • β-CD-MOF has the properties of host-guest system of β-CD and porous structure of MOF. • The MXene/CNHs/β-CD-MOF composite was applied to electrochemically detect CBZ. • The sensor demonstrated high sensitivity with a low detection limit of 1.0 nM. Pesticides play an important role in agricultural fields, but the pesticide residues pose strong hazardous to human health, thus designing sensitive and fast method for pesticides monitor is highly urgent. Herein, nanoarchitecture of Mxene/carbon nanohorns/β-cyclodextrin-Metal-organic frameworks (MXene/CNHs/β-CD-MOFs) was exploited as electrochemical sensing platform for carbendazim (CBZ) pesticide determination. β-CD-MOFs combined the properties of host-guest recognition of β-CD and porous structure, high porosity and pore volume of MOFs, enabling high adsorption capacity for CBZ. MXene/CNHs possessed large specific surface area, plenty of available active sites, high conductivity, which afforded more mass transport channels and enhances the mass transfer capacity and catalysis for CBZ. With the synergistic effect of MXene/CNHs and β-CD-MOFs, the MXene/CNHs/β-CD-MOFs electrode extended a wide linear range from 3.0 nM to 10.0 μM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 nM (S/N = 3). Additionally, the prepared sensor also demonstrated high selectivity, reproducibility and long-term stability, and satisfactory applicability in tomato samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last couple of decades, the largest challenge for the storing of electrical power has extended for dynamic and stationary applications. Though, the existing electrochemical systems are expensive to enter new marketplaces, still greater accomplishment is essential, and ecologically suitable resources are desired. These restrictions possibly resolved by extensive developments in innovative substances of which fundamental components are accessible in large amounts in nature; nanostructured materials seem to appear to possess a big part within the production. Novel negative electrodes with greater storage capability are desirable together with safe and cheap anodes and steady electrolyte coordination. Especially, nanoarchitectures in two-dimension (2D) and three dimensions (3D) have made phenomenal advancements in these days. In this review, the latest improvements in the approaches to the production, choice of distinct substrates of the current collector, and structural arrangement of self-supported nanoarchitecture electrodes with distinct an electrode materials, and catalysts are examined systematically. The inherent association of the excellent structural natures, the conductive layers, and electrochemical dynamic characteristics of self-supported materials (SSMs) are carefully evaluated. Finally, the upcoming plans and ways of producing SSMs are emphasized. This may open an innovative way of emerging perfect versatile SSMs for further enhanced Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). • Self-supported anode, cathode and catalyst materials have been reported. • Structural arrangement of self-supported nanoarchitecture arrays electrodes are examined. • Upcoming plan tendencies and ways of self-supported materials are emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel SnSe nanoplates on SnO 2 -CNTs are synthesized by one-pot solvothermal route. • CNTs-SnO 2 /SnSe delivers highly efficient photodegradation for aqueous MB dye. • CNTs results in highly reduced recombination electron-hole pair of CNTs-SnO 2 /SnSe. • Stability and reuse of CNTs-SnO 2 /SnSe are quite stable and remain little change. It is still challengeable to develop low-cost metal-based photocatalysts with high efficiency and stability for organic pollutant degradation. Herein, we propose a novel "interfacial engineering and suitable band gap matching" strategy to synthesize hexagonal SnSe nanoplate supported SnO 2 -CNTs for highly efficient photocatalytic activity. The CNTs-SnO 2 /SnSe, constructed by SnO 2 nanoparticles homogeneously embedded in carbon nanotube surface, which is anchored on hexagonally crystalline SnSe nanoplates, is synthesized by a facile low-cost and eco-friendly one-pot solvothermal reaction. Compared to SnO 2 , SnSe, CNTs-SnO 2, SnO 2 /SnSe, the CNTs-SnO 2 /SnSe delivers significant performance, enhancement in photocatalytic degradation for aqueous organic dye pollutant under visible light irradiation in 60 min. The k value of CNTs-SnO 2 /SnSe is over 2.2 times larger than CNTs-SnO 2 , SnO 2 and SnSe. The remarkably enhanced photodegradation performance of CNTs-SnO 2 /SnSe is mainly attributed to its unique nanoarchitecture, high surface area and band gap matching: the CNTs skeleton can facilitate the electron transfer; band gap diagram of CNTs-SnO 2 /SnSe is beneficial to efficient electron-hole charge separation and recombination of electron-hole pair can be effectively suppressed. This work presents a rational catalyst design with nanoarchitecture and band gap matching, and a facile one-pot synthesis strategy to synthesize low-cost photocatalysts for dye pollutant degradation with prominent high-efficiency and long-term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the size of the scales covering the surface of the Lepidoptera wings is in correlation with body size: larger species possess larger scales. However, butterfly individuals representing the various generations of the same species but differing in body size were not investigated in this respect. Similarly, the question whether different scale size may influence structural color generation based on nanoarchitectures in the scale lumen was never addressed. Populations of lowland (environment of Budapest, Hungary) and upland (Carpathian Mountains, Romania) Polyommatus dorylas were compared in terms of voltinism, wing and scale size, and the structural origin of blue coloration. Data analysis showed that the univoltine upland population exhibits a larger wing and scale size. On the other hand, the nanomorphology of the blue color-generating scales was identical when compared between univoltine and bivoltine populations. Coloration was also identical when measured with a spectrophotometer under ultraviolet and visible light. This high accuracy present in the male structural coloration suggests that it is controlled genetically. Body size alteration for enhanced thermal fitness has no influence on the fine structure of the nanoarchitecture present in the scale lumen. • Unvoltine populations produce much larger imagines in Blue butterflies. • Within a species larger individuals have larger scales. • Nanoarchitecture hidden inside the scale provides male sexual signal. • Sexual signal spectral properties are irrelevant to scale size. • Bivoltine and univoltine populations share the same color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]