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In order to transform the digital workshop, this paper adopts an improved FCOS algorithm to detect the digital display area of industrial instruments and recognize the numbers in the workshop. Specifically, based on the FCOS basic network model, the Balanced Feature Pyramid is combined with FPN to further integrate the feature information and enhance the original feature. The Softer-NMS algorithm instead of the traditional non maximum suppression algorithm, improves the detection accuracy. The experiment shows that the trained network model can be applied to the detection and recognition of industrial instruments, and it has certain validity and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our understanding of the world is essentially based on shared meanings that are intersubjectively produced and reproduced in different social practices. In this study we analyse private forest owners’ discourses of the forest as a social practice that produces alternative competing truths about the forest and forest ownership. We examine the order of five predefined discourses (1–5) in relation to discoursal power by analysing the signs of hegemony and marginalisation within these discourses. Importantly, we also analyse the position of different kinds of forest owners within the prevailing order of discourses. Our critical discourse analysis combines qualitative content analysis with quantitative multivariate analysis (NMS) and is based on in-depth interviews with 24 Finnish forest owners. The harmonious discourses of the forester (1) and the economist (2) demonstrated many hegemonic features. This essentially illustrates the hegemony of the economic truth about the forest and its proper use among forest owners, as economically effective wood production was emphasised in both of these discourses. The signs of marginalization were common in the discourses of the distant economist (3), the critical anti-economist (4), and the dutiful forest owner (5). Discourse 4 was characterised by an open critique of the hegemonic economic truth. Forest owners with primarily non-monetary objectives were placed in an unfavourable position in the order of the discourses. The results reflect a wider discursive environment where economic meanings and practices prevail as the most natural and proper ways of thinking and acting. Being a forest owner is easy in Finnish society if the hegemonic economic truth about the forest functions as a natural and unproblematic part of one's forest ownership. However, discourses 4 and 5 indicate that the prevailing discursive conditions make forest ownership unfulfilling for some owners. Openness to alternative ways to understand the forest and forest ownership should thus be enhanced in research, policy, practical forestry, and the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ISOCS technique an important and significant tool for IAEA activities verification. • ISOCS technique able to measuring samples with different geometry. • ISOCS technique was used for the germanium detector efficiency calculation. • The detector efficiency has been used as a parameter to estimate 235U mass. • A good agreement was obtained between estimated and declared values. Measurement of nuclear materials by ISOCS technique an important and significant tool for IAEA activities verification. ISOCS technique able to measuring samples with different geometry. In this work, ISOCS technique was used to calculate the absolute efficiency of the Hyper Pure Germanium (HPGe) detector. The calculated absolute efficiency of the detector was used in combination with experimental work to determine U-235 mass in cylindrical NM samples. A good agreement was obtained when compared estimated and declared values of 235U mass content with difference in the ranged from −0.827% to 1.635%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive plants can alter the structure and function of plant communities to such a degree that they can also have significant impacts on the insect communities. Because insects play an important role in many ecosystems, changes in these communities could have important implications, beyond their biodiversity value, for ecosystem function and diversity at other trophic levels. Microstegium vimineum is an annual C 4 grass that is invasive in many eastern North American deciduous forests. Because this grass plays an important role in determining the plant community structure in the understory of these forests, it also has the potential to significantly alter understory insect communities. In this study we evaluated the relationship between M. vimineum and understory insect communities in a forest reserve in Kentucky, USA. Total insect abundance, richness and diversity showed a positive association with M. vimineum presence. Trophic analysis showed significantly higher abundances of herbivores where M. vimineum was present. Forb abundance, which serves as the primary food source for herbivorous insects in this system, was lower in sites invaded with M. vimineum. Invasion by this non-native was also associated with significant increases in aboveground plant biomass which was nearly 50% greater in invaded sites. These results indicate that the understory insect community may be responding to increased biomass rather than the loss of native forb food resources, which contradicts other studies that have examined relationships between M. vimineum invasion and insects. Our results provide evidence that invasive plants can provide benefits for other trophic levels, even when native plant biodiversity is lost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Evidence is emerging that nonmotor symptoms (NMS) such as neuropsychiatric, sensory and sleep disturbances play an important role in dystonia. Methods In this observation, 102 patients with cervical dystonia (CD) were included. We evaluated the complaints about NMS with an adapted NMS Questionnaire and motor severity measured with Unified Dystonia Rating Scale. Results 95% of CD patients experienced NMS with 36% presenting with at least seven NMS. Mean UDRS score was 5.09 points (standard deviation (SD) ± 2.64 points, range 0.5–14.0). 42% patients had additional head tremor. The total number of experienced NMS was not significantly correlated with the age of the patients and disease duration of dystonia. There was also no significant association between number of NMS and sex. The correlation between number of NMS and motor severity assessed with UDRS was weak ( r S = 0.23; p = 0.02). Conclusion The number of NMS as a whole has been shown to be a key determinant of health related quality of live in patients with Parkinson's disease and we would assume that can influence this construct in patients with dystonia, too. As 95% of our patients with focal CD present with NMS, especially loss of self-confidence, insomnia, fatigue and pain, higher awareness for NMS needs to be raised in the context of routine clinical consultations in patients with focal dystonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The difference between the urban and non-urban environment in arid landscapes can be quite distinct because of the large water and nutrient (along with many other) subsidies provided by human development. With these subsidies comes the potential to increase vertical structure and vegetation diversity over the natural landscape, creating artificial habitats. We assessed how birds were responding to urbanization in Reno, Nevada, USA (pop ∼200,000), located in a semi-arid, “cold desert” climate. Despite a heavily developed core, we found that native richness increased as urbanization increased. Our analysis suggests that this pattern is driven by the Truckee River that flows through the city. Remnant riparian patches could combine with urban landscaping to effectively extend riparian habitat into the city. The role of urban riparian habitats for native bird conservation needs to be assessed as urbanization continues in arid regions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Evidence has revealed that neuromedin S (NMS) and neuromedin U-receptor type-2 (NMU2R) mRNAs are expressed in the central nervous system and reproductive organs. Previous data indicated that variation of NMS and NMU2R was due to the phases of the adult rat hypothalamus estrus cycle. However, the expression and function of NMS in the pig reproductive axis remains unexplored. In this study, 16 virginal gilts were classified into four groups: proestrus, estrus, diestrus 1, and diestrus 2; the expression of NMS and NMU2R in the cyclic pig hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary axis was studied by reverse transcriptaion-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the effect of NMS on the reproductive axis in vitro was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The cloned pig NMS and NMU2R sequences were 82% and 90.2% identical to those of the corresponding human homologues, respectively. RT-PCR showed that NMS and NMU2R mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary changed with the estrus cycle, i.e., with the highest level in the proestrus group and the lowest in the estrus group. In the ovary, NMS and NMU2R expression was highest in the diestrus 2 group and the lowest in the proestrus group. In the in vitro study, different concentrations of NMS induced the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol at different levels of the reproductive axis. Taken together, the expression pattern of NMS during the estrus cycle and its role in reproductive hormones in vitro provide novel evidences of the potential roles of NMS in the regulation of pig reproduction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Conservation and restoration of semi-natural wet grasslands often suffer from poor knowledge on successional pathways of respective habitats under different mowing treatments to derive profound management concepts. In this study, we present the results of a 20-year experiment in six semi-natural wet grassland sites in NW Germany including mowing with and without fertilizer addition and fallow. Succession was recorded by permanent plots. The studied wet grassland communities responded quite similar under equal management. Fallow resulted in the most significant changes in floristic and functional composition facilitating highly competitive rushes and tall forbs. The changes were more pronounced the more the experimental management treatment differed from the former use. For all mowing treatments without fertilizer application, we still observed directed changes in the floristic composition even after 20 years. In particular mowing twice led to a shift in floristic composition towards stress-tolerant plants with low nutrient demands, which was paralleled by decreasing productivity and strongly diminishing Ellenberg nutrient values. Our results documented that restoration of low-yielding target communities by regular mowing is possible – even in an area with high atmospheric nitrogen inputs. However, our results also show that succession did not come to an end even after 20 years, most obviously due to the continuous but very slow immigration and spread of new species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The analysis of T-RFLP data has developed considerably over the last decade, but there remains a lack of consensus about which statistical analyses offer the best means for finding trends in these data. In this study, we empirically tested and theoretically compared ten diverse T-RFLP datasets derived from soil microbial communities using the more common ordination methods in the literature: principal component analysis (PCA), nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) with Sørensen, Jaccard and Euclidean distance measures, correspondence analysis (CA), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and a technique new to T-RFLP data analysis, the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model. Our objectives were i) to determine the distribution of variation in T-RFLP datasets using analysis of variance (ANOVA), ii) to determine the more robust and informative multivariate ordination methods for analyzing T-RFLP data, and iii) to compare the methods based on theoretical considerations. For the 10 datasets examined in this study, ANOVA revealed that the variation from Environment main effects was always small, variation from T-RFs main effects was large, and variation from T-RF×Environment (T×E) interactions was intermediate. Larger variation due to T×E indicated larger differences in microbial communities between environments/treatments and thus demonstrated the utility of ANOVA to provide an objective assessment of community dissimilarity. The comparison of statistical methods typically yielded similar empirical results. AMMI, T-RF-centered PCA, and DCA were the most robust methods in terms of producing ordinations that consistently reached a consensus with other methods. In datasets with high sample heterogeneity, NMS analyses with Sørensen and Jaccard distance were the most sensitive for recovery of complex gradients. The theoretical comparison showed that some methods hold distinct advantages for T-RFLP analysis, such as estimations of variation captured, realistic or minimal assumptions about the data, reduced weight placed on rare T-RFs, and uniqueness of solutions. Our results lead us to recommend that method selection be guided by T-RFLP dataset complexity and the outlined theoretical criteria. Finally, we recommend using binary or relativized peak height data with soil-based T-RFLP data for ordination-based exploratory microbial analyses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The increasing demand for biofuel may decrease the dead wood supply in managed forests, and hence the amount of substrate available for dead wood dependent species. Slash is already being harvested for biofuel purposes, and stumps are an even bigger potential source of wood fuel. Both substrates constitute a major component of dead wood in managed forests, but have been poorly studied in terms of lichen diversity. We compared lichen species diversity between the lateral surface of slash and the cut surface of stumps of Norway spruce in planted boreonemoral Swedish forests of four age classes; 4–5, 8–9, 12–13, and 16–18 years. We also estimated the amounts of the two substrates, and discriminated between slash with bark and decorticated slash. There were no differences in species number per surface area, but slash had more species when equal volumes were compared. We found compositional differences between slash and stumps throughout the decay process. The majority of species found on both substrates were more frequent on stumps, which also had a higher number of unique species and species in the literature indicated as nationally rare or uncommon. The volume per hectare of stumps was ten times greater than that of slash but conversely, the lateral surface area of slash was five times greater than the cut surface area of stumps. Few dead wood specialist lichen species were, however, strictly associated with slash, whereas stumps offer a more heterogeneous environment and may provide important habitats for rare lichens in the managed forest landscape. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Ms. D. was a 57-year-old Caucasian female with a past psychiatric history of schizoaffective disorder bipolar type and unspecified anxiety disorder. She presented to the psychiatric unit with cognitive blunting, poverty of thought content, looseness of associations, and inability to respond to questions with meaningful responses. In addition, the patient presented with medical symptoms including rigidity, acute rhabdomyolysis, and elevated liver function tests (LFTs). She was transferred to the inpatient medical unit for stabilization. After acute stabilization, she was transferred back to the psychiatric unit for treatment. A thorough review of the patient's history revealed she had prior episodes of atypical NMS with trials of multiple typical and atypical antipsychotics at therapeutic doses and with clinically appropriate titration schedules. These trials included clozapine, which is known to have decreased likelihood of NMS symptoms. The patient was stabilized during admission, but later decompensated and required re-admission in the months following. At that time, clozapine was reinstituted at very low doses and with a slower titration schedule. This approach was successful in ameliorating the patient's symptoms and without recurrence of NMS. In this case report, we discuss the importance of identifying atypical NMS in patients treated with typical and atypical antipsychotics, and propose that successful treatment of these patients may be possible with slower and gradual titration of clozapine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper we consider two simple models of nano-mechanical (NMS) and nano-electro-mechanical (NEMS) systems, quantum gears and the quantum shuttle, which serve as model systems for a wide range of other nano-devices. We show that there is potential for observing effects on the quantum aspects of the mechanical motion as well as the electronic. We also note that a full understanding of such devices requires a better description of the dissipation of the mechanical energy as well as of the effects of quantum statistics on the scattering processes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on 390 benthic invertebrate samples from near-natural streams in Germany we defined eight stream type groups by Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS). The taxa lists were restricted to Mollusca, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Coleoptera and Trichoptera species and evaluated on presence/absence level. At genus level, streams located in the lowlands differ from streams in lower mountainous areas and the Alps, while the two latter groups were undistinguishable. At species level, a clear separation of different stream size classes is visible in the lowlands; a second gradient is related to the bottom substrate. Streams in the Alps can be distinguished from streams in lower mountainous areas at species level. Within the lower mountainous regions a size gradient is detectable, a less obvious gradient indicates catchment geology. The resulting “bottom-up” stream typology is compared to other stream typological systems in Germany. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life threatening adverse effect. • Atypical presentation of NMS can occur with atypical antipsychotics. • Our case had atypical presentation of NMS with Olanzapine and Risperidone. • Primary presentation was fever with altered sensorium rather than rigidity. • Hence leading to diagnostic dilemmas and treatment difficulties. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially fatal adverse effect of antipsychotics. Atypical presentation of NMS with drugs which are not potential D2 blockers raises question for an alternative hypothesis for NMS. A 30 year old male presented with irritability, assaultive behavior, persecutory delusion and auditory hallucination for three days. Past history of 3 similar episodes. 1st episode preceded by fever and associated with cerebral edema. Subsequent episodes not preceded by fever and patient was treated with Risperidone and Olanzapine. After admission patient was started on Risperidone along with THP when he had fever, tremors, altered sensorium and rigidity at 3 mg dose. After stopping Risperidone fever and rigidity improved with worsening of psychotic symptoms. Following this Olanzapine was started and very gradually uptitrated to 7.5 mg when patient had recurrence of fever and disorientation without tremors and minimal rigidity. Both the instances blood investigations including CPK levels were normal except for thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Provisional impression of NMS was made in both instances. After stopping Olanzapine fever subsided with improvement of blood counts. Following this patient had catatonic symptoms for which patient received 9 sessions of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). In atypical presentations of NMS, hyperthermia and muscle rigidity may be absent, posing diagnostic dilemma. So there is a need for broadening the diagnostic criteria and NMS must be considered with a high index of suspicion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: Although recent publications have focused on discontinuation symptoms of antidepressant medications, most classes of psychotropic drugs have been reported to have withdrawal symptoms. In light of the increased rate of psychotropic prescribing by primary care physicians, it is important for all physicians to be aware of psychotropic withdrawal symptoms. Case Report: We report on a patient who developed symptoms consistent with neuroleptic malignant syndrome after abrupt discontinuation of a variety of psychotropic medications. Methods: A MEDLINE search including both articles and letters to the editor was performed to identify symptoms reported in association with the discontinuation of psychotropic medications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]