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This paper shows that changes in timing and magnitude of seasonality in tourist flows can be measured by decomposing the change in the Gini index, a widely used index of seasonal concentration, into two components. One of them tracks the change in the pattern of seasonal fluctuations and the second captures the change in their magnitude. To assess whether changes in the seasonal pattern and magnitude are significant, a technique for testing hypotheses concerning the two components is developed. We examine changes in the seasonal concentration of tourist arrivals in six tourist destinations in the Veneto Region, one of the most tourism-oriented regions in Europe, from 2006 to 2016. The magnitude of seasonality significantly decreased in some destinations with a diversified tourism product, such as Euganean Spas and Lake Garda. The seasonal pattern remained substantially stable for all destinations except Venice, where a non-negligible shift in the seasonal pattern occurred. • The change in seasonal concentration is broken down into two components. • One component tracks the change in the seasonal pattern. • Another component measures the change in the seasonal magnitude. • A test to assess the significance of the changes in the seasonal pattern and magnitude is proposed. • Changes in seasonal concentration of tourist arrivals in the main destinations of the Veneto Region are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tourism demand change is broken down into components. • The log mean Divisia index decomposition is used. • Contributions of key variables in tourism demand change are separated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Energy intensity convergence is examined by using inequality decomposition. • Energy intensity convergence in the European Union is explored over the 2003–2014 period. • Results show that convergence mainly occurs in the first years of the period considered. Disparities in energy intensity across the European Union member countries are large, especially after the enlargement that took place in 2004 when Central and Eastern European countries with high energy intensities accessed the European Union. All member countries have committed themselves to the target of reducing energy intensity, however the rate of change in energy intensity differs across countries. In this context, monitoring the convergence process among member countries is crucial to assess the progress in achieving the energy saving targets stated by the European Union. In this article, the convergence process in energy intensity is examined by using an approach based on inequality decomposition. The change in inequality is broken down into two components measuring β -convergence in energy intensity and the re-ranking of countries within the energy intensity distribution, respectively. Since the change in inequality measures the relative variation of energy intensity dispersion, the inequality change in itself is a measure of σ -convergence. Moreover, the inequality change and its components are further decomposed to detect the spatial components of convergence and re-ranking. The convergence in energy intensity in the European Union from 2003 to 2014 is investigated. Results show that convergence mainly occurs in the first years of the period considered, whereas there is a slowdown of the convergence process in the following years. In this second phase, spatial effects on convergence and re-ranking are more evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]