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4. Dose finding study for on-demand HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for insertive sex in sub-Saharan Africa: results from the CHAPS open label randomised controlled trial

Author

Ahmed, Nadia, Alinde, Berenice, Alieu, Amara, Atujuna, Millicent, Awino, Esther, Bekker, Linda-Gail, Callebaut, Christian, Chiodi, Francesca, Chirenje, Mike, Dietrich, Janan, Dorfman, Jeffrey, Else, Laura, Fox, Julie, Gray, Clive, Hansen, Christian Holm, Herrera, Carolina, Hornschuh, Stefanie, Kakande, Ayoub, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Kelly, Charles, Khoo, Saye, Khunwane, Mamkiri, Lebina, Limaktso, Makhura, Joseph, Mangxilana, Nomvuyo, Martinson, Neil, Mugaba, Susan, Muhumuza, Richard, Kibengo, Freddie Mukasa, Mutonyi, Gertrude, Mungate, Lucia, Nabukeera, Winnie, Nagawa, Rehema, Nalubega, Phiona, Namubiru, Patricia, Nash, Stephen, Ndekezi, Denis, Nematadzira, Teacler, Nobula, Lumka, O'Hagan, Kyle, Odoch, Geoffrey, Opoka, Daniel, Penchala, Sujan Dilly, Petkov, Stefan, Pillay, Azure-Dee, Rooney, Jim, Rousseau, Elzette, Ruzagira, Eugene, Sango, Alison, Seatlholo, Ntombexolo, Seeley, Janet, Seiphetlo, Thabiso, Serwanga, Jennifer, Shattock, Robin, Ssemata, Andrew S., Stranix-Chibanda, Lynda, Tshabalala, Gugulethu, Webb, Emily, Weiss, Helen, Limakatso, Lebina, Seiphetlo, Thabiso B., Seatlholo, Portia, Gray, Clive M., and Webb, Emily L.

Published
2023
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23. Long-term outcomes of multidisciplinary treatment combining surgery and stereotactic radiotherapy with Novalis for craniopharyngioma.

Author

Shinojima, Naoki, Yano, Shigetoshi, Uchida, Daichi, Mizukami, Naohisa, Mabe, Hiroyo, Kawashima, Junji, Igata, Motoyuki, Kondo, Tatsuya, Uetani, Hiroyuki, Yamamoto, Takahiro, Uekawa, Ken, Hide, Takuichiro, Mikami, Yoshiki, Hirai, Toshinori, and Mukasa, Akitake

Abstract

• Stereotactic radiotherapy for craniopharyngioma demonstrated good tumor control. • No late adverse events have occurred to date after stereotactic radiotherapy. • No cases irradiated in childhood had late adverse events more than 12 years. • Pituitary dysfunction resulting from surgery led to fatal adrenal insufficiency. • It would be best to plan surgery with stereotactic radiotherapy in mind. Craniopharyngiomas are difficult to resect completely, recurrence is frequent, and hypothalamic/pituitary function may be affected after surgery. Therefore, the ideal treatment for craniopharyngiomas is local control with preservation of hypothalamic and pituitary functions. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the long-term efficacy and adverse events of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) with Novalis for craniopharyngioma. This study included 23 patients with craniopharyngiomas who underwent surgery between 2006 and 2021 and underwent SRT as their first irradiation after surgery. The median post-irradiation observation period was 88 months, with the overall survival rates of 100 % at 10 years and 85.7 % at 20 years. One patient died of adrenal insufficiency 12 years after irradiation. The local control rate of the cystic component was 91.3 % at 5 years, 83.0 % at 15 years, with no increase in the solid component. No delayed impairment of visual or pituitary function due to irradiation was observed. No new hypothalamic dysfunction was observed after radiation therapy. No delayed adverse events such as brain necrosis, cerebral artery stenosis, cerebral infarction, or secondary brain tumors were also observed. SRT was safe and effective over the long term in patients irradiated in childhood as well as adults, with no local recurrence or adverse events. We believe that surgical planning for craniopharyngioma with stereotactic radiotherapy in mind is effective in maintaining a good prognosis and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. Nursery school absenteeism surveillance system and infection control measures in nursery schools.

Author

Mukasa, Kyoko, Sugawara, Tamie, and Okutomi, Yoichi

Subjects
*PRESCHOOLS, *SCHOOL absenteeism, *INFECTION control, *DUMMY variables, *COMMUNICABLE diseases
Abstract

The Nursery School Absenteeism Surveillance System (NSASSy), which includes 40% of all nursery schools in Japan, has a degree of effectiveness that is difficult to prove: nursery schools and areas without NSASSy cannot be evaluated for their incidence of infectious diseases as precisely as those with NSASSy. Instead, we examine nursery school countermeasures against infectious diseases by considering the endogeneity bias of NSASSy. After sending questionnaires to 500 Tokyo metropolitan and nearby nursery schools in November 2022, we received their responses through the end of 2022. Questionnaires asked about infection control measures of nursery schools: (1) cooperation with public health centers; (2) cooperation with staff; (3) cooperation with children's parents; (4) precautions among children; (5) countermeasure systems; (6) precaution systems; (7) recording of health conditions of children; (8) usefulness of studying while students; and (9) usefulness of training at nursery schools. Ordered probit with inverse probability weighted adjustment was used as the estimation procedure. The explanatory variable was a dummy variable for using NSASSy. Probability in weight was estimated using the first-step probit for NSASSy. Explanatory variables were a dummy variable for publicly funded nursery schools and a dummy variable for local governments that had adopted NSASSy. We analyzed 193 nursery schools. NSASSy was negative and associated significantly with (3) cooperation with children's parents and (7) recording of health conditions of children. These countermeasures were more likely to have been taken by NSASSy nursery schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. Susceptibility of nursery teachers to measles, rubella, varicella and mumps in Japan.

Author

Mukasa, Kyoko, Sugawara, Tamie, and Okutomi, Yoichi

Subjects
*RUBELLA, *MEDICAL personnel, *MUMPS, *MEASLES, *CHICKENPOX, *PRESCHOOL teachers, *VACCINATION
Abstract

A guideline published in 2018 by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare stipulated confirmation of the vaccine history of nursery staff members. This study was conducted to elucidate nursery teachers' vaccine and infection histories for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella through survey responses. After sending questionnaires through the mail to 5000 nursery teachers in November 2022, we received responses through December 2022. We measured the proportion of susceptibility in three ways. Additionally, we compared the proportions of susceptibility by disease by age class. After receiving 1620 responses in all, the data of 1229 respondents under 50 years old were analyzed. Under the broad definition by which "no answer" was also regarded as unvaccinated or uinfected as well as "unknown," the proportions of susceptibility for measles, rubella, and varicella were higher: 22–23%. For mumps, the proportion was 42%. For varicella, they were 31% for respondents in their 30 s, and 14% for respondents in their 40 s. For mumps, the respective values were 58% and 26%. Respondents assessed for this study were less susceptible and unknown in comparison with earlier studies investigating health care workers, school teachers, university students, and pregnant women. The survey revealed that measles and rubella susceptibility was higher among respondents in their 30 s. However, it was higher for varicella and mumps among respondents in their 20 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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