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[Display omitted] • One step polyol-solvothermal methodology designed for creating the 0D, 1D, 2D and 3D silver. • This methodology eliminated the old traditional factors (stirring/injection speed, etc). • With the produced gases during reaction can directly control the dimensional morphologies. The common polyol techniques were used for the synthesis of solo metallic morphology. Here we reported the single-step polyol-solvothermal strategy for the synthesis of zero, one, two, and three-dimension silver structure by simply switching the reaction pressure with the help of silver amount and halide ions. Silver seeds in the presence of Cl- ion, at 74.1 mmHg grow in [1 1 1] and at 97.4 mmHg grow in [1 1 0] direction for the formation of 0D-Ag and 1D-Ag respectively, by protecting (1 0 0) facet. Extra halide (Br-) presence at 93.2 mmHg imposes the seeds to grow [1 1 0], [1 0 0] direction for 2D-Ag, while at 97.4 mmHg grow only in [1 0 0] direction for 3D-Ag, due to etching and formation of single crystal seeds. This closed reaction system doesn't need any kind of oxygen scavengers, inert gases, nor need to tune injection speed and stirring speed. This switching strategy can be implemented for the synthesis of other metallic morphologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel metal free, graphitic carbon nitride self-type heterojunction was successfully created. A self-type heterojunction between two different kind of graphitic carbon nitride with a promote charge separation ability, one was prepared by solvothermal using the dicyandiamide as precursor and other was prepared by direct heating from melamine precursor. This synthesis process is facile, economical and environment friendly. The confirmation of synthesis and heterojunction formation was based on the X-ray-Diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photocurrent. The potential difference in heterojunction between different types of g-C 3 N 4 is the main acting power for the proficient separation and transformation of photo generated charges. Degradation results indicated that, the removal of antibiotic from effluents, graphitic carbon nitride heterojunction (GCN-DM) pointedly enhanced the visible light catalytic activity over solo graphitic carbon nitride (GCN-D, GCN-M). The improved photocatalytic behaviour of heterojunction may be due to charge separation and transfer ability with prolong lifetime of photo-generated charge carrier. The results also indicated that the optical and surface area properties also play a significance role in enhancement of photo-catalytical ability of target photo-catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the fabrication of a peculiar 3D/2D ZnIn 2 S 4 /oxygen-doped graphitic carbon nitride (ZnIn 2 S 4 /SO-GCN) through a simple hydrothermal method. The flower-like morphology of hexagonal ZnIn 2 S 4 disperse on the SO-GCN nanosheets are evidenced by XRD, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were intensively applied for the visible light photocatalytic removal of aqueous phase 2,4-D. The heterojunction creation and the well-developed combined interface between ZnIn 2 S 4 and SO-GCN significantly increases its photogenerated charge separation capability. The photo-degradation mechanism disclose that the heterojunction has improved catalytic degradation activity, due to efficient transferring of photogenerated electron-holes pairs. Under visible-light irradiation, these nanocomposites showed 3–5 times higher degradation rate of 2,4-D (i.e. 0.0112/min, by 30%-ZnIn 2 S 4 /SO-GCN), as compared to solo ZnIn 2 S 4 and SO-GCN, attributed to the composite's synergistic effect in unique 3D/2D heterojunction, that accelerates the electron-hole separation. The h+ and •OH species contribute a noteworthy role in the degradation process of 2,4-D over 30%-ZnIn 2 S 4 /SO-GCN. In addition, the synthesized nanocomposites sustained their reusability performance in five cyclic run. Our research have implications of constructing 3D/2D nanocomposites which is beneficial for scalable solution of efficient photocatalysts. • Flower like ZnIn 2 S 4 /SO-GCN heterojunction was synthesized by hydrothermal method. • Interfacial microstructures significantly enhanced the photocatalytic performance. • A typical Type II heterostructure was confirmed between SO-GCN and ZnIn 2 S 4. • The degradation rate of 2,4-D by 30%-ZnIn 2 S 4 /SO-GCN was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Herein, we reported the adsorption and desorption of Pb(II) on l -lysine modified montmorillonite (L-Mt) with molecular dynamics simulation. l -lysine (Lys) modified montmorillonite (L-Mt) was prepared, characterized by various analytical techniques, and the simulation studies were performed to evaluate the interlayer structure and interaction properties of l -lysine and L-Mt. The results of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum suggested that Lys+ was intercalated into the interlayer of Na-montmorillonite (Na Mt) successfully. The batch adsorption experiments were implemented to study the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) on L-Mt in water. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb(II) on the L-Mt (up to 43.3 mmol/100 g) were considerably higher than that on Na Mt (up to 15.3 mmol/100 g), at room temperature. The adsorption isotherms of both, L-Mt and Na Mt can fit the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption experiments showed that Pb(II) removal efficiency of L-Mt is better than Na Mt in acidic solution. The simulation results revealed the micro-mechanism of Lys+ inserted into the interlayer gallery of Na Mt. It can be deduced that lysine interacted with montmorillonite surface mainly through the protonated side-chain amino group rather than through the protonated main-chain amino group or deprotonated carboxyl group. These consequences are expected to elucidate the adsorption mechanisms occurring at the water/clay minerals interface at atom level, providing significant insight into the adsorption and retention of Pb(II) on L-Mt composite, and lead to relevant engineering applications while treating heavy metals of wastewater. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • l -lysine modified montmorillonite (L-Mt) has higher adsorption capacity for Pb(II) than Na Mt. Their maximum adsorption capacity is 43.3 mmol/100 g and 15.3 mmol/100 g, respectively. • L-Mt is more efficient on the retention of Pb(II) than Na Mt. When pH 3.0, the desorption ratio of Pb(II) is 16.08% and 58.31%, respectively. • The microstructure and interaction between lysine and Na Mt has been revealed by molecular dynamic simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and highly efficient ternary mpg-C 3 N 4 /BiVO 4 /TiO 2 composite was successfully synthesized and characterized with regard to structure, chemical composition, optical properties and degradation application. The photocatalytic activities of as-prepared samples were evaluated by the photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue (MB), practical effluent from alkylation and amination steps in 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) production. Compared with TiO 2 , BiVO 4, and mpg-C 3 N 4 , the binary composites TiO 2 /BiVO 4 and the ternary mpg-C 3 N 4 /BiVO 4 /TiO 2 composites exhibited the higher photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. Compared to solo mpg-C 3 N 4 and BiVO 4 , the photocatalytic efficiency of g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 /BiVO 4 raised up to 94%. The catalytic activity of g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 /BiVO 4 against TATB (alkylation and amination) also confirms its efficiency by creating intermediate which were detected by Q-TOF-MS. The thermal stability and photo-stability of the produced composites were investigated. From the view of practical application, mpg-C 3 N 4 /BiVO 4 /TiO 2 displayed superior photostability after five times recycle. The mechanism research showed the fitting of band structure among BiVO 4 , g-C 3 N 4, and TiO 2 . The presence of mpg-C 3 N 4 and BiVO 4 can notably adjust the band gap energy and the synergy effects of them can prolong the lifetime of the charge carrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]