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Abstract: Aims: To investigate human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype-specific prevalence in the high-risk Kazakh ethnic group with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Sixty-seven Kazakh patients with primary ESCC were studied. From each patient, two tissue samples were collected: one sample of the tumor and one sample of normal esophageal tissue from an area away from the tumor. Tissues were analyzed by INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping test v2 assay allowing the detection of at least 24 different HPV genotypes. Results: Twenty cancer patients (30%) had HPV DNA detected in collected specimens. Interestingly, 14 patients (21%) had HPV only in the tumor and six (9%) had HPV only in the normal esophageal tissue. Overall, HPV16 was the viral type most frequently detected being present in eight out of 20 positive cases (40%). No correlation between the presence of HPVs and the gender or ESCC grade was observed. Conclusion: If the causative factors of esophageal carcinogenesis remain to be firmly established in the Kazakh population, HPV found in 30% of patients might play a role in the etiology of esophageal SCC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The study was aimed to evaluate the feasibility of detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) in women with normal or abnormal cervical smears using the Roche Amplicor MWP HPV Test. We compared by AMPLICOR® Test and Hybrid Capture II® (HCII®) Test, the prevalence of HR-HPV in 470 cervical samples including 55 samples with WNL cytology, 208 ASC-US, 193 LGSIL and 14 HGSIL. Samples with discordant results were retested with INNO-LiPA Genotyping HPV Test v2. The HR-HPV positivity in WNL cytology samples was similar (21.8%) by AMPLICOR® and HCII®. In ASC-US, the HPV positivity was 42.3% by both tests. In LGSIL, HPV positivity was 66.3% and 66.8% by AMPLICOR® and HCII®, respectively. In HGSIL, 92.8% of samples were positive by AMPLICOR® and 85.7% by HCII®. The agreement of both tests was 96.2% with a Kappa value of 0.92. Eighteen cases were discordant: 9 HCII® positive/AMPLICOR® negative and 9 HCII® negative/AMPLICOR® positive. The INNO-LiPA test revealed HPV positivity in every case. Interestingly, all HCII®+/AMPLICOR®− samples were found to harbour HPV53. As for the HCII®−/AMPLICOR®+ samples, 8 demonstrated a multiple infection with HR 16- and/or 18- and/or 56-phylogenetically related HPV types. Moreover, two of these samples were co-infected with HPV6 and two other with HPV54. By using consensus HR-HPV as our reference HPV positivity, the sensitivity (96.6%) and specificity (100%) of AMPLICOR® was similar to that of HCII® Test. The AMPLICOR® HPV Test is sensitive, specific, feasible and appropriate for routine HPV detection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Background: The hygiene of hands stays the basic measure to reduce the incidence of the hospital-borne infections. Its importance is major in a service of neonatology. Our work aimed at estimating the knowledge and the practices on the hygiene of hands. Method: The study was realized at the level of the unit of neonatology and the intensive care of the service of infant medicine and neonatology of the north hospital of Marseille and took place from 1st till 15 August 2008. Results: We questioned 55 persons of the staff, seek attendants and observed 30 persons. Near the quarter of the staff (23.6%) think that the solutions hydro-alcoholic are less effective than the simple wash of hands and more half (the 51%) than they are less effective than the hygienic wash. In respectively 20% and 36% of the cases, the staff underestimates the duration of the procedure of wash of hands and the hydro-alcoholic friction. In 58.1% of the cases, the staff ignores that the hydro-alcoholic solutions can be used in all the situations where hands are not soiled. Attendants seems to have a good knowledge of the hydro-alcoholic solutions. They know the indication about it in 56.2% of the cases and think that they are effective in 50% of the cases. The staff seems to have a good theoretical knowledge (87.2 in 96.4%) measures of hygiene of hands to be before adopted and after the most current gestures in the unit. There is an inobservance of the hygiene of hands in 33.3% of the cases. None of the persons outside the service practised a measure of hygiene of hands. A bad quality of the wash of hands concerning the contagion at the end of procedure was found in 64.7% of the cases and it in all the observed categories. Conclusion: There is a real lack of information of the staff about the hygiene of hands. For the improvement of the quality of the care, the evaluation of the practices and the training of the staff turn out indispensable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]