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Centrally managed or community-based P2P Energy Communities are at the forefront of the literature. A collectively shared energy configuration maximises the energy use of local generators. An interesting scenario is energy sharing when residential buildings conform to an Energy Community with tertiary buildings as prosumers. This article introduces a two-stage centralised management of the Local Energy Market for prosumers integration. In the first stage, energy planning is carried out. In this phase, the Local Energy Market Operator optimises the energy dispatch based on energy prosumers' predictions (previously performed by each participant using Boosting Decision Tree technique) and Mixed Integer Linear Programming. In the second stage, real time management is performed, where energy storage systems (individual Batteries and Central Energy Storage System) are employed to address the energy deviations. To address the viability of the proposed management, in the first place, the community-based P2P is compared to other Low Voltage configurations (Collective Self-Consumption and Full P2P) for one-stage management, where the community-based P2P approach obtains the best results in technical, economic, and environmental aspects. Subsequently, the two-stage management is examined with local Batteries and combining local Batteries with a Central Energy Storage System. The results show that the proposal, integrating local and central storage, significantly improves a local energy community's techno-economic and environmental indicators regarding other energy management market configurations. • The proposed study contains predictions, and the predicted values are used to plan the community's energy fluxes via a centralised optimisation algorithm. • Real-time operation is carried out, and the errors between the real and predicted data are considered at operation time. • The errors are corrected by employing batteries that are of each participant domain and community energy storage system. • Penalties are applied in case there are error deviations, and energy trading with the grid is compulsory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper an adaptive energy management strategy (EMS) based on fuzzy logic and the optimal sizing for a tramway with a hybrid energy storage system (ESS) combining batteries (BT) and supercapacitors (SC) are presented. The EMS applies a sliding window to estimate the forward energy consumption and adapt the instantaneous power target for BT and SC. The hybrid ESS sizing is obtained by an optimization with multi-objective genetic algorithms (GA). The fitness functions are expressed in economic terms, and correspond to the costs of the energy absorbed from the catenary as well as the operation cost of the hybrid ESS (investment and cycling cost). The selected case study is the tramway of Seville, which operates in zones with and without catenary. The aim is to minimize the daily operating cost of the tramway taking into account the BT and SC degradation approach (cycling) and fulfilling the performance of the tramway in the catenary-less zone. The proposed approach (adaptive EMS and optimal sizing) is compared with the current solution in the tramway (SC-based) and with a hybrid ESS managed by a rule-based EMS (RB-EMS) in terms of daily operating cost and energy harnessing during regenerative braking phase. The proposed approach show cost reductions up to 25.5% (from SC-based), 6.2% (from hybrid ESS with RB-EMS) and a global efficiency around 84.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents economically optimized energy and power management strategies for grid-friendly hydrogen based Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs). The proposed energy management strategy is an adaptative optimization-based strategy that minimizes the operation cost of the facility taking into account RES generation prediction errors. It is shown that with an Adaptative Optimized Five-step Charge Controller (AOFC2) the use of the different equipment is optimized and the overall operation cost is minimized considering the entire life of the facility. The proposed energy management strategy is coordinated with power management strategies to offer advanced functionalities (peak-shaving, reactive power control and back-up service) that provide added-value to the facility. The paper demonstrates by means of offline and real-time simulations, that an adequate energy and power management structure permits the optimal economic exploitation of an advanced ZEB (that includes an energy storage system), providing not only a zero energy annual balance but also interesting added-value features to the grid and to the local consumers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

With the aim of promoting the use of renewable energy sources, the new European directive has defined the concept of Energy Communities. This new entity has the potential to transform the classic structure of the electricity network, where a few large power plants supply the end users, to a structure where the end user is not a passive actor but has the ability to take advantage of their own consumption or the flexibility of their demand to consume their energy independently of the network, to share it, store it or sell it both to other members of the community and to the network. All this is closely linked to energy self-consumption, new management and distributed generation technologies, which are important factors in the energy transition. This new entity opens the doors to new management models, new business models and the ability to provide regulation services to the grid. This work explores all of these points, giving visibility to the wide range of opportunities offered by Energy Communities. [Display omitted] • It defines what an ECs is, its possible legal structures and legal framework. • The key assets and roles in ECs are identified and defined. • Decentralised ECs resources BMs and relations are highlighted. • The energy trading structures are described. • The current regulations (by European country) and European EC projects are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]