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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to muscle loss, but the precise mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. The aim of the present study was thus to determine the influence of maternal fatty liver and dietary choline deficiency during pregnancy and/or lactation periods on the skeletal muscle gene expression profile among 24-day-old male rat offspring. Histological examination of skeletal muscle tissue specimens obtained from offspring of dams suffering from fatty liver, provided with proper choline intake during pregnancy and lactation (NN), fed a choline-deficient diet during both periods (DD), deprived of choline only during pregnancy (DN), or only during lactation (ND), was performed. The global transcriptome pattern was assessed using a microarray approach (Affymetrix® Rat Gene 2.1 ST Array Strip). The relative expression of selected genes was validated by real-time PCR (qPCR). Morphological differences in fat accumulation in skeletal muscle related to choline supply were observed. The global gene expression profile was consistent with abnormal morphological changes. Mettl21c gene was overexpressed in all choline-deficient groups compared to the NN group, while two genes, Cdkn1a and S100a4 , were downregulated. Processes of protein biosynthesis were upregulated, and processes related to cell proliferation and lipid metabolism were inhibited in DD, DN, and ND groups compared to the NN group. Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to fatty liver and dietary choline deficiency leads to changes in the transcriptome profile in skeletal muscle of 24-day old male rat offspring and is associated with muscle damage, but the mechanism of it seems to be different at different developmental stages of life. Adequate choline intake during pregnancy and lactation can prevent severe muscle disturbance in the progeny of females suffering from fatty liver. • Choline is a nutrient with prenatal and early postnatal skeletal muscle programing potential. • Sufficient dietary choline supply in postpartum life is as important as in prenatal period for skeletal muscle development. • Variations in the choline intake of mother suffering from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) during pregnancy and/or lactation may regulate gene expression in the skeletal muscle of offspring. • Adequate choline intake of females with NAFLD during pregnancy and lactation seems to protect the offspring against more severe skeletal muscle damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While breastfeeding is globally recommended, its duration still represents a public health issue. To examine the association between the period of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and the duration of overall human milk nutrition, and to identify determinants associated with the duration of EBF and overall human milk nutrition length. The presented study is a cross-sectional study. A total of 209 healthy Polish women of Caucasian origin, aged 19–42 years, who were the mother of a child aged 3–12 months, were enrolled in the study. Data were collected from 2018 to 2020 using an anonymous questionnaire. Statistical analyses included one way ANOVA and liner regression. After birth almost all newborns were exclusively breastfed (96.7 %), but the supply of mother's milk declined as the children's ages increased. The duration of breastfeeding is strongly associated with EBF, especially until the child is six months old (p < 0.001). Mother's breastfeeding self-efficiency and her will for breastfeeding, comfortable latch, younger infant age, avoiding of a pacifier and excluding additional food may explain 36 % of variation of EBF duration (p < 0.001) and could be useful information for exclusive breastfeeding support. The practice of exclusive breastfeeding strongly affects overall breastfeeding duration. The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, rather than of overall breast milk supply, is crucial. [Display omitted] • Exclusive breastfeeding increases the chance of a longer human milk supply, especially until the age of six months • Introducing additional food / drink or using a pacifier results in a shorter period of exclusive and any breastfeeding • Maternal positive attitude, interest in lactation, and professional support are linked to longer exclusive breastfeeding • Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding rather than any type of breastfeeding seems to be essential [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The determinants of the intake of high-fat products are not well understood.Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relations between fat perception, intake of high-fat food, and body-weight status, taking into account the polymorphism of the genes that encode the proteins involved in oral fat perception.Methods: A total of 421 participants aged 20-40 y were enrolled in Poznań, Poland, from 2016 to 2018. An ascending forced-choice triangle procedure was applied to determine fat discrimination ability. Salad dressings with varying concentrations of canola oil were used as stimuli. Genotyping of rs1761667 (CD36) rs1573611 [free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1)], rs17108973 [free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4)], and rs2274333 (CA6) was performed using TaqMan probes. The frequency of consumption of high-fat foods was measured using an application for mobile devices that uses the ecological momentary assessment approach. The associations were analyzed using linear regression or logistic regression, as appropriate.Results: Individuals with the GG CD36 genotype were twice as likely to be fat discriminators, compared with the A allele carriers (P < 0.05). The mean total consumption of high-fat food was 45.8 (44.6, 47.0) times/wk and was not associated with fat discrimination or body-weight status. Obese and overweight subjects ate healthy high-fat food less frequently than did participants with normal body weight, at 4.53 (3.83, 5.23) versus 6.68 (5.82, 7.55) times/wk, respectively (P < 0.001). Men ate sweet high-fat food and snacks 15% less frequently than did women (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05) but consumed high-fat meat and fast food almost 40% more often than did women (P < 0.001 for both associations).Conclusions: In individuals aged 20-40 y, fat discrimination ability is associated with polymorphism of CD36 but not with the choice of high-fat food. The frequency of consumption of different types of high-fat foods varies by sex and body-weight status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In diabetes, in parallel to hyperglycaemia, elevated serum lipids are also diagnosed, representing a high-risk factor for coronary heart disease and cardiovascular complications. The objective of this study was to unravel the mechanisms that underlie the potential of steviol glycosides (stevioside or rebaudioside A) administered at two doses (500 or 2500 mg/kg body weight for 5 weeks) to regulate lipid metabolism. In this paper, the expression of selected genes responsible for glucose and lipid metabolism (Glut4 , Pparγ , Cebpa , Fasn , Lpl and Egr1) in the peripheral tissues (adipose, liver and muscle tissue) was determined using quantitative real-time PCR method. It was found that the supplementation of steviol glycosides affected the expression of Glut4 , Cebpa and Fasn genes, depending on the type of the glycoside and its dose, as well as the type of tissue, whish in part may explain the lipid-regulatory potential of steviol glycosides in hyperglycaemic conditions. Nevertheless, more in-depth studies, including human trials, are needed to confirm these effects, before steviol glycosides can be used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes. [Display omitted] • Elevated serum lipids are diagnosed in diabetes along with hyperglycaemia. • Steviol glycosides have lipid metabolism regulatory potential. • Changes in gene expression underlie the mechanisms of these effects. • Supplementary steviol glycosides affect the expression of Glut4 , Cebpa and Fasn genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Lactobacillus curvatus and L. plantarum increase serum ferroportin. • L. curvatus enhances the expression of the Tfrc gene in the liver. • Increased expression of Tfrc and SLC11A2 genes stimulates hepatic iron accumulation. • Fecal Lactobacillus content shows negative correlation with HJV gene expression. Iron deficiency constitutes the most frequent diet deficit. A high-fat diet also leads to disturbances in iron metabolism. There is evidence that probiotics favorably influence iron turnover. To compare the influence of supplementation with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus curvatus with and without iron supply on liver iron metabolism in rats on high-fat iron-deficient diet. In the first stage (8 weeks), rats were fed a control diet (group C, n = 8), high-fat diet (group HF, n = 8), or high-fat iron-deficient diet (group HFDEF, n = 48). In the second stage (8 weeks), the rats in the C and HF groups were kept on the same diets, while the rats in the HFDEF group were divided into 6 groups (n = 8 each) and fed as follows: group HFDEF- high-fat iron-deficient diet, group HFDEFFe- high-fat iron-deficient diet with iron supplementation, groups HFDEFLp and HFDEFLc- high-fat iron-deficient diet with L. plantarum or L. curvatus supplementation, respectively, and groups HFDEFFeLp and HFDEFFeLc- high-fat iron-deficient diet supplemented with iron and L. plantarum or L. curvatus , respectively. The rats were subsequently sacrificed, and their serum and liver samples were collected for analysis. Serum ferroportin level was higher in the HFDEFFe, HFDEFLp, HFDEFLc, and HFDEFFeLp groups than in the C and HFDEF groups. The hepatic expression of type 1 transferrin receptor gene (Tfrc) was higher in the HFDEFFeLc group than in the C group. No differences in serum iron, hepcidin, hemojuvelin, transferrin, and ferritin levels and in hepatic type 2 transferrin receptor gene expression were observed between the groups. In rats on high-fat iron-deficient diet, the supplementation of L. curvatus and L. plantarum increased serum ferroportin concentration, and L. curvatus enhanced liver expression of the Tfrc gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is connected with abnormal extracellular matrix remodeling, with the assistance of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). A decrease in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 ( TIMP2 ) gene expression was detected in AAA patients. Recently, a -418 G/C (rs8179090) polymorphism of the TIMP2 gene promoter, influencing the transcription rate of the gene, has been described. This study investigated whether the -418 G/C gene polymorphism is associated with AAA in the Polish population. Methods The TIMP2 gene promoter polymorphism was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction enzyme analysis and pyrosequencing in 128 patients affected by AAA and in 180 individuals included as references. The control group was directly matched to patients according to known risk factors for vascular diseases. Results The frequency of the C allele was significantly higher in AAA patients than in the control group (odds ratio [OR], 2.516; P = .0005). The distribution of genotypes also differed significantly between the groups ( CC + CG vs GG : OR, 2.906; P = .0037) or was close to being significantly different ( CC vs GG + GC : OR, 2.144; P = .0501). A similar trend was observed in men but not in women. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated the TIMP2 gene promoter polymorphism is risk factor of AAA in the Polish population, with an adjusted OR of 4.99, when applied to a dominant inheritance model. Conclusions Our study supports the hypothesis that TIMP2 and the -418G/C polymorphism located in the promoter of the TIMP2 gene are important in AAA pathophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Intake patterns of coffee and tea differ by BMI. • A preference for bitter white coffee is associated with PAV haplotype of TAS2R38. • Sweet snacks consumption is associated with drinking coffee or tea. The main aim of this study was to analyze coffee and tea intake patterns considering body weight status and polymorphism of genes involved in bitter taste sensitivity. A group of normal weight and overweight or obese subjects aged 20–40 (n = 411) was recruited in Poznań, Poland. Three-day dietary records were used to assess daily intakes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using TaqMan SNP probes (TAS2R38 : rs713598, rs1726866, rs10246939) or the high-resolution melting method (CA6 rs2274333). 67.2% of the group drank coffee and 70.6% drank tea. Drinking only coffee was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) (OR = 4.81, p = 0.041). BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was associated with higher coffee intake (p = 0.010) and lower tea intake (p = 0.003). Higher taste-sensitivity of TAS2R38 gene was associated with a preference for bitter white coffee (OR = 1.74, p = 0.033). Over 50% of respondents ate sweet snacks while drinking coffee or tea. Consumption of sweet snacks was associated with drinking bitter black coffee (p = 0.044, OR 1.97) and sweet white coffee (p = 0.003, OR 2.92) and with BMI below 25 kg/m2 (p = 0.016, OR = 0.51). Coffee and tea intake differed by body weight status. PAV haplotype (TAS2R38) was associated with a preference for bitter white coffee. The majority of the study group drank coffee and tea with additives (sugar, milk etc.) and ate sweet snacks with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]