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Sepsis often leads to significant morbidity and mortality due to severe myocardial injury. As is known, the activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome crucially contributes to septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) by facilitating the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The removal of palmitoyl groups from NLRP3 is a crucial step in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, the potential inhibitors that regulate the palmitoylation and inactivation of NLRP3 may significantly diminish sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. The present study sought to explore the effects of the prospective flavonoid compounds targeting NLRP3 on SCM and to elucidate the associated underlying mechanisms. The palmitoylation and activation of NLRP3 were detected in H9c2 cells and C57BL/6 J mice. Echocardiography, histological staining, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, qPCR, ELISA and network pharmacology were used to assess the impact of vaccarin (VAC) on SCM in mice subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. From the collection of 74 compounds, we identified that VAC had the strongest capability to suppress NLRP3 luciferase report gene activity in cardiomyocytes, and the anti-inflammatory characteristics of VAC were further ascertained by the network pharmacology. Exposure of LPS triggered apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial disorder in cardiomyocytes. The detrimental alterations were significantly reversed upon VAC treatment in both septic mice and H9c2 cells exposed to LPS. In vivo experiments demonstrated that VAC treatment alleviated septic myocardial injury, indicated by enhanced cardiac function parameters, preserved cardiac structure, and reduced inflammation/oxidative response. Mechanistically, VAC induced NLRP3 palmitoylation to inactivate NLRP3 inflammasome by acting on zDHHC12. In support, the NLRP3 agonist ATP and the acylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) prevented the effects of VAC. Our findings suggest that VAC holds promise in protecting against SCM by mitigating cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation via priming NLRP3 palmitoylation and inactivation. These results lay the solid basis for further assessment of the therapeutic potential of VAC against SCM. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A room-temperature process was developed to prepare catalyst for hydrodesulfurization reaction. • S content of diesel was reduced from 18000 μg g−1 to 3 μg g−1. • The catalyst showed an excellent long-term stability. • Excellent performance of the catalyst was originated from the appropriate sulfidation degree of Mo. By using a room-temperature discharge-based sulphurization (RT-DS) process, we efficiently tune sulfidation degree of metal on γ -AlOOH-supported NiMo catalyst via simply changing feedstock amount for preparing catalysts, thus preparing a NiMoS/AOH-4 catalyst for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of diesel. NiMoS/AOH-4 shows an excellent HDS performance, with S content of diesel being reduced from 18000 μg g−1 to 3 μg g−1 and without catalytic efficiency decrease after 1000 h reaction. Moreover, NiMoS/AOH-4 shows higher rate constant, higher turnover frequency but lower activation energy in HDS reaction, as compared with those on widely reported catalysts. The excellent HDS performance of NiMoS/AOH-4 is resulted from the appropriate sulfidation degree of Mo, which creates more abundant catalytic active Ni-Mo-S phases. RT-DS process for preparing NiMoS/AOH-4 proceeds in Ar at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, without using H 2 S and heating. This makes RT-DS process suitable for large-scale industrial applications to fabricate more efficient HDS catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To evaluate the immune activation and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides (CMP) in vivo, 90 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups. The mice in the three experimental groups were given cyclophosphamide at 80mg/kg/d via intraperitoneal injection and 17.5, 35, or 70mg/kg body weight CMP via gavage. The lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytic index, and biochemical parameters were measured. The results show that the administration of CMP was able to overcome the CY-induced immunosuppression, significantly increased the spleen and thymus indices, and enhanced the spleen lymphocyte activity and macrophage function. CMP can also improve the antioxidation activity in immunosuppressed mice, significantly increase the superoxidase dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels and the total antioxidant capacity, and decrease the malondialdehyde levels in vivo. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • In 2 O 3 has been used as support, promoter and active center for catalytic CO 2 hydrogenation. • In 2 O 3 -based catalysts have outstanding activity, selectivity and stability to CO 2 hydrogenation. • Interfaces on In 2 O 3 -based catalysts are the most favorable for CO 2 adsorption and hydrogenation. Catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 into valuable chemicals, e.g. CH 3 OH, has been among the greatest concerns for both scientific and industrial communities, due to its crucial role in solving the serious CO 2 -related problems. In 2 O 3 -based composite catalysts have attracted great attentions due to their outstanding activity, selectivity and stability towards CO 2 hydrogenation, in both thermocatalysis and photocatalysis. The present review summarizes the recent progress on In 2 O 3 -based composite catalysts for boosting CO 2 hydrogenation. Strategies for improving the performance of In 2 O 3 -based composite catalysts are discussed. Hydrogenation mechanisms of CO 2 on In 2 O 3 -based composite catalysts are analyzed. Future research opportunities and challenges are shown at the end of this review. The present review will stimulate more deep insights on In 2 O 3 -based composite catalysts for achieving more efficient CO 2 conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Finely tuning on the structures of NaY zeolite is achieved by simply changing crystallization times. • The NaY zeolite triggers more efficient separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. • The NaY zeolite leads to enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 production from H 2 O. • Outstanding photocatalytic stability is obtained in the presence of the NaY zeolite. Photocatalytic H 2 production from H 2 O is promising for solving the energy and environment problems. Zeolites have been widely used in thermocatalysis, but their application in photocatalysis is limited. Herein, we anchor CdS and Pt nanoparticles on a NaY zeolite (ZP48) fabricated via 48 h crystallization to form a CdS/Pt/ZP48 photocatalyst for visible-light-driven photocatalytic H 2 production from H 2 O. CdS/Pt/ZP48 shows a H 2 production rate (686.5 μmol h−1) which is higher than those on Pt/CdS (263.2 μmol h−1) and photocatalysts with zeolite supports prepared by using crystallization times shorter and longer than 48 h, with an apparent quantum efficiency of 23.5% and superior stability. ZP48 promotes the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, thus releasing more electrons for enhancing the photocatalytic H 2 production on CdS/Pt/ZP48. These results are helpful for fabricating more efficient photocatalysts by zeolites which are widely used in industry but have poor ability in light absorption and charge transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]