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Biofortification is a revolutionary technique for improving plant nutrition and alleviating human micronutrient deficiency. Fertilizers can help increase crop yield and growth, but applying too much fertilizer can be a problem because it leads to the release of greenhouse gases and eutrophication. One of the major global hazards that affects more than two million people globally is the decreased availability of micronutrients in food crops, which results in micronutrient deficiencies or "hidden hunger" in people. Micronutrients, like macronutrients, perform a variety of roles in plant and human nutrition. This review has highlighted the importance of micronutrients as well as their advantages. The uneven distribution of micronutrients in geological areas is not the only factor responsible for micronutrient deficiencies, other parameters including soil moisture, temperature, texture of the soil, and soil pH significantly affects the micronutrient concentration and their availability in the soil. To overcome this, different biofortification approaches are assessed in the review in which microbes mediated, Agronomic approaches, Plant breeding, and transgenic approaches are discussed. Hidden hunger can result in risky health conditions and diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, neurological disorders, and many more. Microbes-mediated biofortification is a novel and promising solution for the bioavailability of nutrients to plants in order to address these problems. Biofortification is cost effective, feasible, and environmentally sustainable. Bio-fortified crops boost our immunity, which helps us to combat these deadly viruses. The studies we discussed in this review have demonstrated that they can aid in the alleviation of hidden hunger. [Display omitted] • Micronutrient malnutrition is caused by lack of micronutrient intake in diet, which has a negative impact on global health. • Micronutrients are only necessary in trace amounts for plant metabolism and as well as for humans. • Biofortification is a sustainable way used to alleviate malnutrition in the population. • Microbes can be effectively used in biofortification due to their low cost. • As different biofortified crops are introduced in various regions, its popularity and success rate are impacted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Molecular oxygen stereoselectively converts 5-hexenols into 2,6-trans-, 2,5-trans-, and 2,4-cis-derivatives of 2-methyltetrahydropyran via oxidative cyclization/radical functionalization cascades, when activated by fluoro-substituted cobalt(II) bis-(β-diketonate) complexes in solutions of cyclohexa-1,4-diene (CHD). Aerobic 5-hexenol oxidations in solutions of bromotrichloromethane and CHD furnish products of 6-exo-bromocyclization, as exemplified by synthesis of diastereomerically pure 2,4,6-substituted tetrahydropyrans. The cobalt method extends to intermolecular alkene/alkanol cross-coupling and to multi-component reactions between dimethyl fumarate, CHD, a 5-hexenol, and dioxygen, providing α-tetrahydropyranyl-2-methyl succinates in synthetically useful yields. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]