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• Researched the effect of GSCC on HSE performance of manufacturing SMEs. • GSCC positively affects the HSE performance of manufacturing SMEs. • HSE resources play a mediating role between GSCC and the HSE performance of manufacturing SMEs. To clarify the effect of green supply chain collaboration (GSCC) on the HSE performance of manufacturing SMEs, through theoretical and literature analysis, a conceptual model of the effect of GSCC on the HSE performance of manufacturing SMEs is constructed, and the model and hypotheses are empirically tested using structural equation modeling. The research results show that GSCC positively affects the HSE performance of manufacturing SMEs; the HSE implementation motivation plays a mediating role between GSCC and HSE resources; the HSE resources play a mediating role between GSCC and HSE performance of manufacturing SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide straits are crucial pathways for global trade and energy transportation, occupying key strategic positions. Therefore, this study utilizes automatic identification system (AIS) data and the structure of the maritime transportation network formed by ship navigation, combined with geospatial big data analysis, to fully consider factors including the natural navigational conditions of routes, the support capabilities of surrounding ports, the geographic advantages of neighboring countries, and the distribution of the shipping network importance in the CCAS evaluation model. To assess the navigability of maritime routes, a data-driven model was constructed using three layers of this model. Empirical analyses were conducted on 22 major routes along China's coast and the "Maritime Silk Road". This method has significantly enhanced the accuracy and reliability of route assessments, and the improved assessment model demonstrated better navigational conditions in the South China Sea routes, identifying internal factors hindering the development of these critical maritime routes. The findings of this study provide a comprehensive assessment and analysis framework for global maritime transportation, offering crucial reference information for key stakeholders, including policy makers, port and berth infrastructure investors, maritime economists, and large shipping companies. Additionally, the study's results can be practically applied in the actual shipping trade, emphasizing the role of our framework in facilitating effective decision-making and strategic planning within the maritime industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Port facilities and energy storage capacity significantly affect maritime logistics efficiency and supply chain security, necessitating accurate and timely port facility information. However, unavailable real-time open port data complicate effective quantitative evaluations of port development along the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road. This research addresses these issues by combining deep learning with remote sensing, using image data from key ports. A method was proposed to classify port facilities and energy reserve information spatially. A multi-classification framework using U-Net semantic segmentation was developed to segment key facilities in remote sensing data sets. The You Only Look Once v8 (YOLOv8) model was applied to locate oil tanks within Ningbo Port. The actual roof area of oil tanks was then extracted using a deep learning model, facilitating statistical analysis and comparative studies with other major oil and gas ports. Additionally, the real-time remote sensing image index calculated oil tank heights based on shadow lengths for capacity measurement of floating roof tanks. Experimental results showed a pixel accuracy of 90% and an intersection over union of 84% for oil tank region extraction, with an oil tank recognition model achieving a mean average precision of 98.9%. Compared with traditional Hough transform methods, the average absolute error, average relative error, and standard deviation for tank roof area calculations were reduced by 229.18 m2, 4.6%, and 81%, respectively. This framework effectively determined the number of oil tanks in various ports, enabling real-time reserve detection and providing a data foundation for energy port management and resilience research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the proposal of the development goals for pollution control, the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a clean and low-carbon energy source has received huge attention in the European energy market. This study examines the European LNG maritime supply chain network's structural evolution from 2018 to 2020 using AIS data. Our analysis reveals a marked quantitative increase in the network's scale, with European shipments climbing from 695 to 1337 and cargo volumes soaring from 40,101,000 tons to 87,129,740 tons, signifying annual growth rates of 92.4% and 117.3%, respectively. A graph deep learning approach unveiled enhanced connectivity and community consolidation among European LNG ports despite the dispersion suggested by a slight density decrease from 0.192 to 0.185. Simulated attack scenarios indicate heightened network robustness in 2020, yet emphasize the criticality of safeguarding nodes like Sebatta against targeted disruptions. Addressing these insights, we propose policies focused on energy diversification, fortified port security, and adaptive governance to bolster the network's resilience amidst dynamic global conditions. Our study thus offers a strategic framework for managing energy trade complexity, acknowledging the need for further research on the geopolitical impact on network dynamics and vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines demographic differences in safety proactivity behaviors (i.e., safety whistleblowing, safety voice, and safety initiative) and safety procedure, safety management, and safety hazards identification. The data was collected from 503 employees in Chinese small–scale enterprises by using one–way ANOVA. The results showed that safety proactivity behaviors were significantly correlated with age groups, safety initiative with education level, and safety management with gender. Safety procedure, safety management and safety hazards identification were significantly correlated with age groups and safety hazards identification with education level. However, there were no gender–based differences in safety proactivity behaviors, safety procedures, and safety hazards identification, and none in safety whistleblowing and safety voice, safety management, and safety procedure based on the education level. There were also no differences in safety proactivity behaviors, safety procedure, safety management, and safety hazards identification based on tenure. This offers practical suggestions to owner–managers of small–scale enterprises to address the current situation and to improve the safety proactivity behaviors of employees as well as improve the safety procedure, safety management, and safety hazards identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-inspired Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/ Montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite films were synthesized and applied to High Performance Concrete (HPC) cylinders as coatings. Drop tower tests were performed to evaluate the effects of nanocomposite films on the impact response of the concrete. The preliminary results show that applying PVA/MMT nanocomposite film with 25 vol% MMT as coatings with an approximate thickness of 160 µm, demonstrated an improvement on the impact resistance of the concrete for a strain rate (∼10 2 /s). For specimens subjected to the same impact energy, the damage pattern changed from complete fracture of an uncoated concrete cylinder, to only localized surface damage on the coating and the concrete cylinder substrate at the impacted region. Finite element simulations of the impact tests indicate that robust stiffness, tensile strength and toughness of the nanocomposite film, and strong bonding between the film and concrete have induced strong confinement effects to the brittle concrete cylinder substrate. This work demonstrates the potential application of bio-inspired PVA/MMT nanocomposites as protective coatings for cementitious structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic oxide CuFeO 2 as a new heterogeneous catalyst has shown much higher catalytic ability for activating peroxide than single-metal oxides. The present work demonstrated a synergistic microwave (MW) enhanced Fenton-like process with CuFeO 2 for rapid decolorization of azo dye Orange G (OG). The MW irradiation dramatically enhanced the OG degradation efficiency, achieving 99.9% decolorization within 15 min at pH 5. The XRD analysis of reused CuFeO 2 , together with metal leaching tests, indicated merits of recycling for CuFeO 2 . The subsequent surface element analysis by XPS for fresh and used CuFeO 2 showed a complex network for reactions between copper-iron redox pairs and surface hydroxyl groups, leading to a synergistic Fenton-like system accelerated by MW irradiation. In the CuFeO 2 initiated Fenton-like reactions, several oxidant species (i.e., OH, O 2 − , electron hole, and Fe IV O) responsible to the OG oxidation were identified by quenching experiments, showing the MW generated high temperature and “hot spots” enhanced the yield of OH by generation of electron-hole pairs. Further, the 26 detected degradation products confirmed the OH dominant oxidation of OG. This study shows that the MW-enhanced Fenton-like reaction using CuFeO 2 has potential applications for rapid decolorization of dye effluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur deposited on a hollow polyaniline sphere was prepared through in situ synthesis and used to investigate the electrochemical properties of lithium/sulfur cells. The fabricated hPANIs@S composite presented an excellent reversible capacity of 601.9 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles at 170 mA g −1 . The capacity increased with the cycle increase, especially at high charge/discharge current. For example, the capacity had only approximate 270 mAh g −1 after initial 121th cycle at 510 mA g −1 , and the capacity steadily increased to 380 mAh g −1 after 180th cycle at similar current. These results indicated that cycle property improved compared with that of pure sulfur prepared through in situ synthesis under similar conditions. The enhanced cycle property of the hPANIs@S composite could be due to the homogeneous distribution of fine sulfur particles on the PANI surface, which stabilized the nanostructure of sulfur and enhanced its conductivity during charge/discharge cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interlinked fish scales of Atractosteus spatula (alligator gar) and Polypterus senegalus (gray and albino bichir) are effective multilayered armor systems for protecting fish from threats such as aggressive conspecific interactions or predation. Both types of fish scales have multi-layered structures with a harder and stiffer outer layer, and softer and more compliant inner layers. However, there are differences in relative layer thickness, property mismatch between layers, the property gradations and nanostructures in each layer. The fracture paths and patterns of both scales under microindentation loads were different. In this work, finite element models of fish scales of A. spatula and P. senegalus were built to investigate the mechanics of their multi-layered structures under penetration loads. The models simulate a rigid microindenter penetrating the fish scales quasi-statically to understand the observed experimental results. Study results indicate that the different fracture patterns and crack paths observed in the experiments were related to the different stress fields caused by the differences in layer thickness, and spatial distribution of the elastic and plastic properties in the layers, and the differences in interface properties. The parametric studies and experimental results suggest that smaller fish such as P. senegalus may have adopted a thinner outer layer for light-weighting and improved mobility, and meanwhile adopted higher strength and higher modulus at the outer layer, and stronger interface properties to prevent ring cracking and interface cracking, and larger fish such as A. spatula and Arapaima gigas have lower strength and lower modulus at the outer layers and weaker interface properties, but have adopted thicker outer layers to provide adequate protection against ring cracking and interface cracking, possibly because weight is less of a concern relative to the smaller fish such as P. senegalus . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The PRRC2B highly expressed in the prenatal and postnatal rat brain tissues. [•] It was located in the plasma and neurites of neurons. [•] The positive neurons were widely distributed in most rat brain regions. [•] The positive neurons were different between in mature and immature rat brains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study evaluated hydrogen generation through the hydrolysis of an Al/NaBH4/Co/NaAlO2 system. Hydrogen generation performance can be altered by changing the Al/NaBH4 mass ratios, Co amount and NaAlO2 concentration. The optimized composite can achieve a hydrogen yield of more than 90% within 30 min. Thus, a high hydrogen generation amount and a stable solution pH were achieved. The kinetic analysis results of the Al/NaBH4/Co/NaAlO2 system show that the hydrolysis kinetic is affected by composition design. An activation energy of 53.3 kJ/mol was obtained from 0.2 g Al/0.2 g NaBH4/0.06 g Co nanoparticles/4 mL 0.4 M NaAlO2 solution, which confirms the control exerted by the chemical step. The improved hydrogen generation performance is attributed to the interaction of Al/NaBH4 hydrolysis and the synergistic catalytic effect of Co nanoparticles and NaAlO2. Thus, the mechanism that unifies the behavior of Al/NaBH4 hydrolysis, which is activated by Co nanoparticles and NaAlO2, is presented. As a potential hydrogen source, the Al/NaBH4/Co/NaAlO2 system can be applied for portable fuel cells with high hydrogen generation density and low cost compared with a conventional NaBH4 alkaline solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of aluminum lithium/sodium borohydride (referred to as AlLi/NaBH4) system activated by Co powder with different particle size and amount was evaluated in this paper. The designed aluminum–lithium–cobalt (referred to as Al–Li–Co/NaBH4) systems including Al-5 wt% Li-50 wt% nano Co, Al-7.5 wt% Li-25 wt% nano Co, Al-5 wt% Li-50 wt% micro Co, and Al-7.5 wt% Li-25 wt% micro Co had 100% hydrogen yield at 323 K. The hydrogen generation rates of these systems were regulated by Co species, Co amount, as well as consecutive runs of NaBH4 hydrolysis. The underlying activation mechanism, including the formation of Al0.94Co1.06 alloy and highly active and stable Co-based catalyst has been elaborated in this study. Experimental data present an inexpensive and highly efficient hydrogen source for portable fuel cell. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel and effective dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) procedure using tetraethylenepentamine-functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic polymer (TEPA-MP) as an efficient adsorbent for cleaning up the matrix in wine was developed. Based on this, a simple and rapid analytical method for the simultaneous determination of nine food additives (i.e., acesulfame, saccharin, caffeine, aspartame, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, stevioside, dehydroacetic acid and neotame) in wine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with an ultraviolet (UV) detector was established. The results showed that the recoveries of the acidic food additives (pKa <7.0) were highly dependent on the pH, and the TEPA-MP could be reused efficiently at least six times. Under optimized conditions, the recoveries for all analytes were between 80.1 and 97.1%, the intra-day RSDs were in the range of 1.7–8.5% and the inter-day RSDs were between 1.7 and 9.8%, and all the analytes had good linearities in the tested ranges with determination coefficients (r 2) higher than 0.9991. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for the nine food additives were between 0.17 and 0.92mg/L. The developed method was successfully applied to the wine samples, and it was confirmed that the TEPA-MP particles were highly effective dSPE materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Hydrogen generation performance of solid-state AlLi/NaBH4 mixture activated by CoCl2 solution was evaluated in the present work. Hydrogen generation performance can be regulated by AlLi/NaBH4 weight ratio, Li content, CoCl2 concentration, and hydrolysis temperature, among others. 1 g Al-20 wt% Li/NaBH4 mixture (weight ratio, 1:1) yields 1674 mL hydrogen with 89% efficiency in 2.5 wt%CoCl2 solution at 303 K. The relative hydrolysis mechanism and optimized composition design are reported and discussed through the analysis of XRD, SEM, IR, and particle size distribution. The hydrolysis byproducts LiOH and Co2B/Al(OH)3 are the major factors to improve the hydrolysis performance of an AlLi/NaBH4 mixture. Our experimental data show that the new method of hydrogen generation from AlLi/NaBH4 hydrolysis activated by CoCl2 solution may supply free CO2, portable hydrogen for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Studies investigating the association between cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) Asn453Ser (453 A/G, rs1800440) polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk report conflicting results. The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the evidence for such a relationship. Two investigators independently searched the Medline and Embase Databases. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for CYP1B1 polymorphism and CRC were calculated in a fixed-effects model (the Mantel–Haenszel method) and a random-effects model (the DerSimonian and Laird method) when appropriate. The pooled ORs were performed for co-dominant model (GG vs AA, GA vs AA), dominant model (GG+GA vs AA), and recessive model (GG vs GA+AA). This meta-analysis included 7 case-control studies, which included 6375 CRC cases and 7003 controls. Overall, the variant genotypes (GG and GA) of the 453 A/G were not associated with CRC risk when compared with the wild-type AA homozygote (GG vs AA, OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.77–1.14; GA vs AA, OR=0.99, 95% CI=0.87–1.12). Similarly, no associations were found in the dominant and recessive models (dominant model, OR=0.98, 95% CI=0.87–1.09; recessive model, OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.77–1.14). When stratifying for country, study sample size, matched control and source of controls, no evidence of significant association was observed in any subgroup, except among those studies from “Canada”. No publication bias was found in the present study. No association was found between the CYP1B1 Asn453Ser polymorphism and risk of CRC among Caucasians. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Solid-state AlLi/NaBH4 mixture activated by CoCl2 salt is fabricated for hydrogen generation via a milling process, providing uniform dispersion of AlLi alloy and CoCl2 salt among pulverized NaBH4 particles in order to improve NaBH4 hydrolysis through the contact of NaBH4 with active catalytic sites. The active catalytic sites come from Co2B loaded in Al(OH)3 (Bayerite) or LiAl2(OH)7 hydrate, generated from the reaction of CoCl2, AlLi alloy, and NaBH4 in water. The results show that the gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity is as high as 6.4 wt.% and an efficiency of above 90% in 30-min hydrolysis at 323 K could be achieved using the limited amount of water. The hydrogen generation amount and rate could be regulated by changing the composition, mixing style, mixture/water weight ratio, and hydrolysis temperature. The relative mechanism is explored. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the present work, the Al–Bi–Li mixtures were prepared by a milling processing, using NaCl as the milling-assisted agent, and the hydrogen evolution characteristics of the as-prepared Al-based mixtures with pure water were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of Li could significantly improve the hydrolysis rate of Al-based mixtures and increase the amount of generated hydrogen. When the amount of Li was increased up to 4 wt%, 1 g Al-based mixture could yield 1.38 SL hydrogen which was higher than that generated from pure Al and water. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that some new phases, namely BiLi3 and AlLi, were formed during the milling process. The enhanced hydrolysis rate of Al-based mixtures was mostly attributed to the presence of these new phases because they might act as an active reaction center in water. The apparent activation energy calculated from the as-obtained hydrogen evolution kinetic data also supported such an explanation. The hydrolysis products of Al-based mixtures were Al(OH)3 (bayerite), Bi and LiAl2(OH)7·2H2O, whereas only AlOOH (boehmite) was observed for the system without addition of Li, indicating that the addition of Li did increase the hydroxyl ions concentration during the hydrolysis process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: On-demand hydrogen generation from solid-state Al/NaBH4 hydrolysis activated by Li–NiCl2 additives are elaborated in the present paper. Hydrogen generation amount and rate can be regulated by changing Al/NaBH4 weight ratio, Li and NiCl2 amount, hydrolytic temperature, etc. The optimized Al−10 wt.% Li−15 wt.% NiCl2/NaBH4 mixture (weight ratio of 1:1) yields 1778 ml hydrogen/1 g mixture with 100% efficiency within 50 min at 323 K. The improved hydrolytic performance comes from the effect of Li–NiCl2 additives, which decrease aluminum particle size in the milling process and produce the catalytic promoter BNi2/Al(OH)3 in the hydrolytic process. Compared with the conventional reaction of Al and NaBH4 in water, there is an interaction of Al/NaBH4 hydrolysis which improves the hydrolytic kinetics of Al/NaBH4 via the catalytic effect of hydrolysis by-products Al(OH)3, BNi2, and NaBO2. The Al/NaBH4 mixture may be applied as a portable hydrogen generation material. Our experimental data lay a foundation for designing practical hydrogen generators. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new process to obtain hydrogen from highly activated Al–Li–Bi alloys in water is described. The alloys had good hydrolytic properties at 298 K, and the optimized composite yielded 1340 mL hydrogen/g Al with 100% efficiency and achieved a maximum hydrogen generation rate of 988 mL/min g Al. These values are much higher than those obtained from hydrogen production with pure Al under the same conditions. The improvements were brought about by the increased amount of Li in the alloys; Al alloys with higher Li contents have larger surface areas and smaller grain sizes, allowing more hydrogen to be generated from Li hydrolysis in water. XRD and SEM analyses showed that the formation of BiLi3 was helpful in improving the hydrolytic properties of the alloys via the work of the micro galvanic cell between Al and Bi, which was stimulated by the LiOH solution obtained from Li hydrolysis in water. Other effects, such as Bi content, global temperature, and annealing conditions, were also discussed. Al–Li–Bi alloys show promise as potential materials for supplying portable hydrogen to fuel cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Activated aluminum alloys are able to release hydrogen in neutral aqueous solutions at 298 K, but at lower theoretical hydrogen generation values than pure aluminum. This is because the additives in these alloys cannot react with water to produce H2. In this paper, a new process to obtain hydrogen from milled Al–Li alloy in water is discussed. The optimized alloy is able to produce hydrogen yields >1245 ml hydrogen/g alloy with higher than 90% conversion efficiency and a controllable hydrogen generation rate at 298 K and 1 atm. The improved hydrolysis properties mostly come from the increased lithium content, which helps decrease grain size, accompanied by the phase evolution of Al–Li to Al2Li3 to Al4Li9. Further analysis of the Li/Al mole ratio of the hydrolysis byproduct LiAl2(OH)7 shows that excess LiOH accelerates aluminum hydrolysis in water. Other effects, such as milling time, annealing temperature, and additives, are also reported and discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A systematic investigation of hydrogen production from milled Al–Sn–Zn–X (X: hydride or halide) mixtures in pure water was performed at room temperature. The hydrolysis mechanism of the mixtures was based on the work of micro-galvanic cell between aluminum and tin in water where aluminum reacted with water to generate AlOOH (Boehmite) and hydrogen. It was found that many effects such as milling time, temperature, additives and mass ratio had a significant role in the hydrogen production rate, especially that of the additives (hydride or halide) led to reduction of crystallite size and accumulation of uniform mixing. They also produced a lot of heat and the conductive ions which simulated the work of micro-galvanic cell. The milled Al–Sn–Zn–X (X: hydride or halide) mixtures had high reactivity and Al–Sn–Zn–MgH2 mixture produced 790 mL g−1 hydrogen in 5 min of the hydrolysis reaction with the activation energy of 17.570 kJ mol−1, corresponding to 7.04 wt.% hydrogen excluding water mass. Therefore, a new method of CO2 free and safe hydrogen production for micro-fuel-cell was obtained from the activated aluminum alloys in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The hydrogen storage performance of MgH2–10 wt.% TiC composite was investigated. The additive TiC nanoparticle led to a pronounced improvement in the de/hydrogenation kinetics of MgH2. The composite could dehydrogenate 6.3 wt.% at 573 K while the milled MgH2 only released 4.9 wt.% of hydrogen at the same condition. The improvement came from that the activation energy of dehydrogenation was decreased from 191.27 kJ mol−1 to 144.62 kJ mol−1 with the TiC additive. The MgH2–10 wt.% TiC composite also absorbed 6.01 wt.% (or 5.1 wt.%) of hydrogen under 1 MPa H2 at 573 K (or 473 K) in 3000 s. Even at 1 MPa H2 and 373 K, it could absorb 4.1 wt.% of hydrogen, but milled MgH2 could not absorb hydrogen at this condition. Additionally, the composite had good cycling stability, and its hydrogen capacity only decreased 3.3% of the first run after 10 de/hydrogenation cycles. The improved hydrogen storage properties were explained to the TiC particles embedded in the MgH2, which provided the pathways for the hydrogen diffusion into the MgH2–10 wt.% TiC composite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An experiment assessment of hydrogen production from activated aluminum alloy in portable hydrogen generator for fuel cell applications was investigated. The optimum hydrogen capacity of the high–reactive Al–Bi–NaCl alloys (the abbreviation of milled material of aluminum, bismuth and NaCl particles) is about 9–9.4 wt.%, meeting the targets (9 wt.%) of the US Department of Energy in 2015. Hydrogen production rate can be controlled via controlling the water flow rate in the generator, being 1.369–6.198 L hydrogen/min while the water flow rate ranges in 5–20 mL/min. The larger water flow rate often leads to higher temperature and results in unsafety in the generator as the hydrolysis reaction of aluminum alloy and water releases 15 kJ/g heat. However, the heat problem can be successfully eliminated by using effective cooling stytles, which enable the maximum temperature of Al–H2O mixture (the abbreviation of hydrolysis products of aluminum alloy in water) controlled less than 474 K even though the water flow rate is 20 mL/min. Therefore, the experiment results show that the portable hydrogen generator from aluminum alloy could supply the CO2–free, high hydrogen capacity and safe hydrogen for fuel cell applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The hydrolysis performances of two aluminum alloys are investigated as their reactivity can be controlled via the different additives. The additive of NaCl has the positive effect to improve the hydrolysis properties of the aluminum alloys with quicker hydrolysis kinetic and lower hydrolysis temperature. For examples, in 6min of hydrolysis reaction, the Al–5wt%Hg–5wt%NaCl can produce 971mLg−1 hydrogen, higher than 917mLg−1 hydrogen from Al–10wt%Hg alloy. The Al–In–NaCl alloy has lower hydrolysis temperature about 10K than that of Al–In alloy. Meanwhile, the reactivity of Al alloys can be improved or reduced via the additive metals. It can be found that the additive cadmium can reduce the reactivity of Al–Hg alloy. The Al–Hg–Cd alloys can keep good stability at the moist atmosphere below 343K and have excellent hydrolysis performance around 343–373K. The debased reactivity of Al–Hg–Cd composite comes from the formation of CdHg2 compounds in the milling process. But the additive Zn and Ga doped into the Al–In–NaCl alloys can quickly increase the reactivity of the alloy which can quickly react with water at room temperature and have high hydrogen yield up to the theoretic value. Therefore, it is a promising possibility that the controllable reactivity of aluminum alloys can be obtained through the different additive according to the practical request, and the Al alloys can produce pure hydrogen for the fuel cell via the hydrolysis reaction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A safe and environmental-friendly method of hydrogen production from milled Al–In–Zn–salt mixture in water was proposed in this paper. The 10 h—milled Al–In–Zn–salt mixture had high reactivity and produced hydrogen in water at room temperature. Its improved reactivity came from that the additive Zn and salts facilitate to the negative shift of Al–In alloy and benefited the combination of Al, In and Zn in the milling process. Optimized the composition content, 1 g of 10 h—milled Al—5 wt%In—3 wt%Zn—2 wt%NaCl mixture had highest hydrogen yield of 1035 mL hydrogen/1 g Al in 4 min of hydrolysis reaction in water, corresponding to 9.21 wt% hydrogen (excluding water mass). Hydrogen supplying from milled Al–In–Zn–salt mixture was performed for micro fuel cell and 0.96 W was produced with the stable hydrogen supply rate. Therefore, the milled Al–In–Zn–salt mixture could be a feasible alternative for providing a source of CO2 free hydrogen production to supply micro fuel cell. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Valone has a chronic and toxic anticoagulant rodenticide that has widely used in China and has resulted in some accidental and intentional intoxication in recent years. The literature reported so far lacks sensitive and selective method for the confirmation of valone. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel assay for the identification and quantification of valone in serum by ion chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (IC–MS/MS). After serum sample was extracted with methanol/acetonitrile (10:90, v/v) and cleaned by Oasis® HLB solid-phase extraction cartridge, chromatographic separation was performed on an Ionpac® AS11 column with an eluent of methanol/30mmol/L KOH (10:90, v/v). The overall extraction efficiency was >81.0%, and the limit of quantification was 0.5ng/mL for valone. Regression analysis of the calibration data revealed good correlation (r 2 >0.99) for valone. Intra- and inter-day precisions for quality-control samples were less than 8.0 and 13.7%, respectively. The proposed method enables the identification and quantification of valone in both clinical and forensic specimens. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

With the continuous advancement of the global economy and international trade, the competition among ports becomes increasingly fierce. Numerous studies show that evaluation methods of port dominance can effectively quantify the appropriate dominance index and find the weak links to enhance ports' comprehensive competitiveness. This paper summarizes the port dominance evaluation methods in the existing literature and expounds their importance based on the development of information technology in shipping activities. Moreover, the application scope, the advantages, and disadvantages of current evaluation methods are explained using qualitative, quantitative, deductive, and retrospective methods. It was found that, with the development of information technology, evaluation methods are becoming more comprehensive, targeted, specialized, refined, digitalized, and intelligentized. It was also found that since existing studies often adopt single-faceted evaluation methods and select a single factor for evaluation, they cannot effectively analyze and evaluate the real advantages of the port. In addition, the present paper discusses the prospects of ports and potential research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: – composite exhibits excellent reversible hydrogen capacity, but it still presents high decomposition temperature over and sluggish kinetics. For the purpose of optimizing its reaction performance, was doped into this composite as a catalyst to form a more destabilized and reversible composite system. It possesses a maximum capacity of approximately 6–8wt% hydrogen releasing below and could be hydrogenated to 5–6wt% hydrogen capacity at under 1.9MPa. XRD and SEM analysis revealed that , formed and highly dispersed in the composite, played a key role in changing the original path and resulted in the formation of an intermediate compound in the milling process. The hydrogen storage capacity of the – composite decreased gradually during the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation cycles and still maintained 5.16wt% in the third dehydrogenation process. The activation energies of – (mass ratio, 1:2) with 16wt% and without were estimated to be 139.96 and by Kissinger method. It indicates that the additive can decrease the activation energy of – composite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, a series of Al-based materials were prepared by ball milling and/or melting. The XRD, SEM and TG-DTA techniques were used for sample analyses. Effects of different metals such as Zn, Ca, Ga, Bi, Mg, In and Sn on the hydrogen generation through hydrolysis of the Al alloy were evaluated in pure water. The results showed that mechanical milling was more favorable than the melting method to synthesize the Al alloys containing some metals with lower melting point and easier vaporization in the melting process. Addition of Bi and Sn could more significantly enhance Al reactivity with water in Al alloy than other metals such as Zn, Ca and Ga. Especially Al–Bi alloy had a faster hydrolysis rate than Al–Sn alloy at room temperature. For Al–Bi alloy, the addition of Zn and Ga accelerated the alloy hydrolysis while the effect of addition of other metals (Sn, In, Mg) on the hydrolysis of the alloy was reverse. Furthermore, the effect of some compounds (NaCl, , ) on the hydrolysis of the Al–Bi alloy was explored. It showed that the milling Al–Bi alloy together with the compounds could accelerate the formation of its mico-galvanic cell between the anode (Al) and cathode (Bi). The alloy composition was therefore optimized to be Bi, Zn, Ga, and Al. The optimized Al alloy demonstrated a high hydrogen generation rate and theoretic hydrogen yields. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The glass forming range of the Ag2S + B2S3 + GeS2 ternary system was investigated for the first time and a wide range of ternary glasses were obtained. The Archimedes’ method was used to determine the densities of the Ag–B–Ge glasses. The thermal properties of these thioborogermanate glasses were studied by DSC and TMA. The Raman, IR and NMR spectroscopy were used to explore the short-range order structure of the binary (Ag–B) and (Ag–Ge) and ternary (Ag–B–Ge) glasses. The results show the presence of bridging sulfur tetrahedral units, GeS4/2 and AgBS4/2, and trigonal units, BS3/2, in the ternary glasses. Non-bridging sulfur units, AgSGeS3/2 and Ag3B3S3S3/2 six membered rings, are also observed in these glasses at higher Ag2S modification levels because the further addition of Ag2S results in the degradation of the bridging structures to form non-bridging structures. The NMR studies show that Ag2S goes into the GeS2 subnetwork to form Ag3S3GeS1/2 groups before going to the B2S3 subnetwork. In doing so, it is suggested that B10S20 supertetrahedra exist in Ag2S + B2S3 and Ag2S + B2S3 + GeS2 glasses. Significantly B–S–Ge bonds form in the B2S3 + GeS2 glasses, whereas they appear to be absent in the ternary glasses. From these observations, a structural model for these glasses has been developed and proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study examines the construction of an occupational health and safety (OHS) governance model for small- and medium-sized suppliers (SMSs) impacted by the dual effects of core enterprises' management and media attention. The objective of this research is to improve the social governance effect of SMSs' OHS. Drawing on evolutionary economics, an evolutionary game model with three main players—core enterprises, SMSs, and media—is established, and the conditions of each entity's evolutionary stability strategy are analyzed. The results show that the evolution trend for any party is closely related to the strategic choices of the other two parties. Further, a model for SMSs' OHS governance with focus on core enterprise management and media attention can be effectively built by reducing the costs of core enterprise management, enhancing the probability of accurate media reporting, decreasing the OHS input cost of SMSs, increasing the expected exposure returns of the media, and reducing the media's investigation cost. This study is the first to consider the important influence of core enterprises and the media on SMSs' OHS behavior, which bridges the research gap not only from a theoretical perspective, but also a practical one. • We consider the important influence of core enterprises and the media on SMSs' OHS behavior. • We construct an OHS governance model for SMSs affected by the dual effects of core enterprises' management and media attention. • We simulate the evolutionary process for the three players' interactions. • We examine the influences of different parameters on the three players' evolutionary stability strategy. • We offer suggestions to make every player select the ideal strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving a resource-conserving and environment friendly supply chain while pursuing economic development has always been the goal of countries across the world. As an emerging industrial nation, China is battling serious environmental problems. While there have been efforts to address waste processing, researchers are now interested in gauging the efficiency of waste treatment policies. We built a two-stage data envelopment analysis model with undesirable input to assess the efficiency of recycle treating and industrial waste reuse, including wastewater, waste gas and solid wastes in China. Our model is based on a circular economy structure that proposed by Environmental Protection Institute of China. The proposed method can serve as evaluation tool for the government policy in China as well as other emerging economy. We collected the data during the critical environmental policy enforcement period: the 11th five-year plan (from 2006 to 2010). We also analyze the waste treatment efficacy for the solid waste in the 11th and 12th five-year plan period (from 2011 to 2015). In contrast to earlier studies that have mainly focused on pollution disposal efficiency, this work takes both pollution and resource attributes of waste into consideration. The results revealed that integrated efficiency of industrial waste processing system was stable over five years. It also showed that efficiency at the pollution disposal stage was higher than that at the resources reuse stage, and contributed more to overall efficiency. We also find that the efficiency of the pollution and disposal of the solid waste improved during the 11th and 12th five-year plan. Further, the study reveal that the pollution disposal stage shows a similar trend as the integrated system, while the resources reuse stage does not. Finally, it also displays that there are three efficient development modes, namely, balanced, ecosystem, and coordinate development modes. In discussion, we provide benchmarks from developed countries for different development mode. We also point out other emerging countries that can benefit from our research by identifying their development mode and formulating their environmental policy based on these benchmarks in the future. Efficiency decomposition for each province level region of China. Image 1 • We propose a new two-stage data envelopment analysis model with undesirable input. • Three reuse and recycle related economic development modes are identified. • Environmental policy should follow regional/national economic development mode. • Industrial waste processing integrated efficiency is low. • The efficiency of PDS is higher and contribute more than RRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The effect of ultrasound on the leaching process, in which Geniposide is leached from the Gardenia fruit by deionized water at 20°C, was investigated. The phase equilibrium and the dynamics were measured at static, stirring, and ultrasonically assisted conditions, respectively. The experimental results show that the extraction yield of Geniposide with ultrasound at 0.1533Wcm−2, is increased by 16.5%, in comparison with that without ultrasound when the ratio of the solvent volume to the fruit weight is 40ml/g. A model for mass transfer, based on the intraparticle diffusion and the external mass transfer, was developed. And the dynamic curves calculated by the model are in a good agreement with the experimental data. The external mass transfer coefficient k f /R and intraparticle diffusion coefficient D e /R 2 were obtained by fitting of the experiment data. The external mass transfer coefficient with ultrasound at 0.1533Wcm−2 is 1.63 times higher than that in static process, and the intraparticle diffusion coefficient with ultrasound at 0.1533Wcm−2 is 3.25 times higher than that in static process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights • Tanker network structure and flow changes by oil price variations are predictable. • The proposed approach improves time sensitive in maritime network analysis. • Two-way linkages on oil price and network structure and flow changes are clarified. • The differences in the oil import- and export-dependent countries are analyzed. Abstract Understanding maritime network structure and traffic flow changes is a challenging task that must incorporate economic, energy, geopolitics, maritime transportation, and network sciences. The reported research examines whether there are linkages between oil price fluctuations, maritime network structure and traffic flow changes, and investigates whether tanker maritime network structure and traffic flow changes are driven by oil price fluctuations. This is essential knowledge for developing strategies energy policies. To address this, a systems-based approach is introduced to construct a maritime transportation network based on trajectory data. The maritime network structure and traffic flow changes are derived from monthly transport. Supporting methods were then used to reveal two-way linkages, long-term balance relationships and shock responses attributable to oil price fluctuations, the maritime network structure and traffic flow changes. Evidence suggests that there are different two-way linkages between oil price fluctuations, maritime network structure and traffic flow changes in oil import- dependent and export-dependent countries. International crude oil price fluctuations contribute to maritime network structure changes for many of the countries examined, and showed rapid growth peaks in the second or third month. Our results have important policy implications for national tanker transportation strategies within the context of oil price fluctuations, suggesting diversification of import origins and export destinations as well as adjustment of shipping mode to cope with the supply shocks caused by oil price fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Informal group factors can predict employee safety behavior. • Extra-role safety behavior of workers plays a partially mediating role between group cohesion, group infectivity and employee safety behaviors. • Group pressure plays a significant role in moderating the relationship between the demonstration effect of co-workers and the employees' safety behavior. In order to deeply analyze the way and effect of informal group factors in workplace on the safety behavior of grassroots employees, a conceptual model of the informal group factors influencing the safety behavior of grassroots employees is constructed through theoretical and literature analysis, and the model and hypotheses are empirically tested by structural equation model. The research results show that informal group factors not only influence employee safety behavior directly, but also influence employee safety behavior indirectly through some factors of extra-role safety behavior of co-workers. Besides, extra-role safety behavior of workers plays a partially mediating role between group cohesion, group infectivity and employee safety behaviors. Meanwhile, group pressure plays a significant role in moderating the relationship between the demonstration effect of co-workers and the employees' safety behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety analysis according to the spatial distribution characteristics of maritime traffic accidents is critical to maritime traffic safety management. An accident analysis framework based on the geographic information system (GIS) is proposed to characterize the spatial distribution of maritime traffic accidents occurring in the Fujian sea area in 2007–2020 by employing kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation techniques. The sea area is divided into various grids, and in each grid, the mapping relationships between the number and severity of the traffic accidents and the traffic characteristics are established. Machine learning (ML) technology is used to assess whether a grid area is an accident-prone area and to predict accident severity in each grid. The accident prediction of different ML models, including random forest (RF) model, Adaboost model, gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model, and Stacking combined model, were compared. The optimality of the Stacking combined model was verified by comparing the experimental results of this model with those of classical prediction models, convolutional neural network (CNN), long short term memory (LSTM), and support vector machine (SVM). According to the results, the maritime accident data set of the entire Fujian sea area shows typical clustering characteristics and positive spatial correlation. That is, the kernel density estimation indicates that subareas, including the Ningde sea area, Fuzhou sea area, and Xiamen sea area, generally have high densities of maritime accidents and the highest risk value within the whole Fujian sea area. High-high accident clustering, that is high cluster areas neighbored by other areas of high cluster, is mainly seen in the Ningde and Fuzhou sea areas, while the Xiamen, Putian, and Zhangzhou subareas show low-low clustering, which are low clusters neighbored by low clusters. Among the ML models, the Stacking combined model shows high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score values of 0.912, 0.910, 0.912, and 0.904 in predicting whether a grid area is an accident-prone area and 0.750, 0.745, 0.750, and 0.746 in predicting the accident severity in the grid, indicating its superior maritime traffic accident prediction performance. Based on our analysis of the distribution characteristics and geospatial data, our proposed method demonstrates effective and reliable risk prediction. • An accident analysis framework based on the geographic information system. • Thorough literature review on the application of GIS and risk analysis in maritime fields. • Assessment on the navigational safety and risk prediction done by machine learning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]