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Highlights: [•] Rice introgression breeding for drought tolerance was confirmed as an effective approach. [•] Identified two key strategies of Green Super Rice (GSR) to cope with drought stress for high yield. [•] GSR cultivars could have a yield advantage of 31–36% across environments against drought check. [•] Easy biomass measurements can be used to study the mechanism of stress tolerance of rice cultivar. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] First crop modeling framework of ORYZA2000 for the selection of drought resistant rice. [•] Multiple environment trials are consistently expanded to large environments by modeling. [•] Increase in the number of environment enhances genotypic effect and heritability. [•] Different genotypes can be selected to match breeding targets with modeling outputs. [•] ORYZA2000 is effective and highly repeatable tool to aid rice breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For most biophysical domains, differences in model structures are seldom quantified. Here, we used a taxonomy-based approach to characterise thirteen rice models. Classification keys and binary attributes for each key were identified, and models were categorised into five clusters using a binary similarity measure and the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean. Principal component analysis was performed on model outputs at four sites. Results indicated that (i) differences in structure often resulted in similar predictions and (ii) similar structures can lead to large differences in model outputs. User subjectivity during calibration may have hidden expected relationships between model structure and behaviour. This explanation, if confirmed, highlights the need for shared protocols to reduce the degrees of freedom during calibration, and to limit, in turn, the risk that user subjectivity influences model performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]