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Human breast milk is the primary source of choline and choline-containing compounds for infants at early stages of life. Choline data across lactation in Chinese human milk were limited. This study aimed to quantify the five choline compounds in Chinese human breast milk and explore associated factors. A total of 540 lactating mothers from the MUAI (Maternal Nutrition and Infant Investigation) study were included. The content of water-soluble choline (free choline, phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine) and lipid-soluble choline (phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin) in 892 human milk samples collected from 0 to 400 days postpartum were examined, and associated factors were explored. Choline concentrations in human milk varied from postpartum day 0–400 (92.06 ± 65.22 to 171.01 ± 47.84 mg/L). Water-soluble choline was the major component (88.6%–93.8%) in human milk and ranged from 793.03 (659.22) to 1544.43 (443.32) μmol/L. Its trajectory followed that of total choline, increasing from colostrum to transitional milk and then declining in mature milk. In contrast, lipid-soluble choline accounted for 6.2%–11.4% over lactation and had an opposite trajectory. Choline composition varied by delivery mode and parity history. The concentrations of individual choline and choline-containing compounds during lactation in Chinese human breast milk were described for the first time. Our results address gaps in extant Chinese human milk choline data and support tailored dietary reference intakes for Chinese lactating women and infants. Our data describes the level and profile of choline from 0 to 400 days postpartum in Chinese human breast milk. This is the most updated data on choline and also the first report of water-soluble choline as the predominant type in Chinese human milk. Our results compensate for the deficiencies in data on choline in Chinese human milk. Clinical Trial Registry number: ChiCTR1800015387. Web link to study on registry: https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being a chronic inflammatory condition, Parkinson's disease (PD) can lead to brain damage. Nervonic acid is one of the most promising bioactive fatty acids, which is believed to be beneficial for the improvement of brain disorders. This study explored the neuroprotective capabilities of nervonic acid on the brain in an adult zebrafish PD model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Initially, the physiological behaviors of zebrafish with PD following nervonic acid treatment were assessed. Subsequently, molecular level transcriptome analysis was conducted to investigate its protective mechanism. Finally, the mechanisms of target pathways were validated through real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. The results showed that nervonic acid improved the locomotor capabilities of zebrafish with PD at the behavioral level. At the molecular level, it is likely that nervonic acid exerted its effects by suppressing inflammatory signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), as well as addressing oxidative stress response and apoptosis. By inhibiting the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) , jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) , extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) , p38α MAPK, NF-κB p65 , and nuclear factor kappa B α (IκBα) , nervonic acid disrupted the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, it exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) , and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Additionally, nervonic acid increased the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content, demonstrating its antioxidative properties. Moreover, the acid upregulated the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and downregulated the levels of Bcl-2 -associated X protein (Bax) , Caspase-3 , and Caspase-9, indicating its protective role against apoptosis. These findings suggest that nervonic acid mitigates MPTP-induced brain damage through its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. This positions it as a promising candidate for a natural neuroprotective agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Silk fibroin incorporated aliphatic polyester nanofibers scaffold was readily developed by electrospinning. • The addition of PCL provided the resulting scaffold with good dimensional stability. • The incorporation of SF into nanofiber scaffolds effectively promoted cell proliferation. • The obtained PLGA/PCL/SF scaffold showed great promise for tissue engineering application. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) has been extensively utilized to fabricate electrospun fibers for tissue engineering scaffolds due to its good biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, such scaffolds in biological media shrink and distort severely, which is undesired for practical application. In this study, a silk fibroin incorporated electrospun aliphatic polyester nanofiber scaffold (PLGA/PCL/SF) was developed via facile one-step electrospinning, with PLGA as the substrate and incorporating polycaprolactone (PCL) and silk fibroin (SF). The resulting scaffold exhibited fine fibers and water absorbency. Particularly, the addition of SF into scaffolds improved the water adsorption ability, and that of PCL effectively prevented scaffold shrinkage behaviors. In vitro degradation analyses showed that it was accelerating for the obtained scaffolds with SF added, without any undesirable acidic environment induced. Additionally, the PLGA/PCL/SF scaffold exhibited the most promising result in cell proliferation, presenting a valuable insight into the design of tissue engineering scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Repeated hemorrhagic BSCM with impending respiratory failure can benefit from acute surgery. • Comprehensive preoperative evaluation and intraoperative monitoring are essential. • The meticulous surgical technique are the key point of successful treatment. • The ICH score, PPH score, and Lawton's BSCM grading are valuable tools for surgical outcome prediction. Impending respiratory failure is catastrophic neurological deterioration caused by repeated c of a brainstem cavernous malformation (BSCM). The benefit and outcome prediction of acute surgery for this fatal condition is rarely reported. In this study, the authors reported a case series of acute surgical treatment (≤3 weeks after the last hemorrhagic episode) for the BSCM with impending respiratory failure and reviewed literature over the past 20 years. Clinical and outcome data from 6 consecutive acute surgically-treated BSCM patients were analyzed. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) scores, primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) scores, and Lawton's BSCM grading were applied for surgical outcome prediction. Ten related articles were included for the literature review. There were three men and three women, with a mean age of 32.2 ± 9.3 years (range 15–45 years). The BSCMs were located at the pons in 5 cases and the medulla in 1 case. The ICH score was 1–2 in all cases, while the PPH score was 0 in all pontine BSCMs. For Lawton's BSCM grading, 3 cases were grade 2, 2 cases were grade 3, and 1 case was grade 1. All patients achieved spontaneous respiratory dysfunction relief postoperatively and significantly improved at follow-up (mean 4.47 ± 0.24 years;range4.0–5.6 years). Repeated hemorrhagic BSCM with impending respiratory failure can benefit from acute surgical treatment. The ICH score, PPH score, and Lawton's BSCM grading are promisingly useful tools for fast and efficient surgical outcome prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This research work suggested that p62 could promote PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via NF-κB signaling pathway. • p62 is a potential biomarker which might be closely related to the tumorigenesis in PTC. Its potential role as a therapeutic target for PTC is worthy of further study. • This study shows that p62 is closely related to clinical indicators such as BRAF (V600E) mutation, lymph node metastasis and multiple lesions, and can be further studied as an indicator of clinical pathology analysis. Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy in human endocrine system. Increasing evidence has indicated that p62 plays a key role in tumorigenesis. The roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of P62 in thyroid cancer, however, remain to be elucidated. The expression levels of P62 in thyroid tumor tissues and thyroid cancer cells were detected by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Then, the effects of up-regulation or down-regulation of P62 on thyroid cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. In terms of the mechanism, P62 could stimulate thyroid cancer progression by the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. P62 was highly expressed in thyroid tumor tissues. Furthermore, high expression of p62 was observed in PTC cell lines, and especially in the K1 and TPC-1 cells. In vitro, the up-regulation of p62 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells, whereas the knockdown of p62 resulted in the opposite effect. Knock-down of P62 increased the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase but reduced it in the S and G2/M phase. Moreover, we confirmed that overexpression of p62 inactivated NF-κB pathway with sequencing analysis and bioinformatics analysis. This research work suggested that p62 could promote PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, p62 is a potential biomarker which might be closely related to the tumorigenesis in PTC. Its potential role as a therapeutic target for PTC is worthy of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Preoperative embolization decreases blood loss during hypervascular tumor resection. • Preoperative embolization can be done in a one-stage hybrid mode. • Hybrid operation immediately handles the embolization complications. • Hybrid operation increases the safety of intracranial hypervascular tumor resection. This study was performed to investigate the safety and outcome of one-stage hybrid endovascular and microsurgical treatment of intracranial hypervascular tumors. The blood supply of the tumor was endovascularly embolized just before microsurgery in a one-stage fashion. Clinical data regarding the preoperative neurological status, tumor characteristics, hybrid treatment details and complications, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative outcomes were collected prospectively and then analyzed. Beginning in July 2016, 13 patients (5 women, 8 men) with intracranial hypervascular tumors were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 48.2 ± 10.9 years. The patients' tumors comprised seven hemangioblastomas, three hemangiopericytomas, two meningiomas, and one mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The mean maximum tumor diameter was 54.9 ± 21.5 mm. No major procedural complications occurred except catheterization-related bleeding in one patient. The mean percentage of tumor devascularization was 65.0%±17.5%. Gross total resection was achieved in 12 patients (92.3%). The mean blood loss volume during microsurgical resection was 703.8 ± 886.8 mL (range, 150–3600 mL). Symptoms improved in three patients and remained stable in six patients. One-stage hybrid embolization before intracranial hypervascular tumor resection is a safe and effective procedure to decrease intraoperative blood loss. It can prevent or treat embolization-related complications in a timely manner and avoid the risk of multiple surgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the hospitality industry is particularly sensitive to disasters and crises, research overlooks the intrinsic mechanisms of multi-subject interactions in this industry that suffers from external crises. Integrating dramaturgy theory and institutional logic theory, we explore the performance and institutional logic of interactions among hotel managers, staff, and guests during crises. Textual and visual data analyses indicate the co-existence of prop performance, script performance, and power performance among different subjects. The institutional logic underlying different forms of performance demonstrates a regulatory, normative, and cultural-cognitive nature. The study further reveals the management strategies adopted to address conflicts arising from different institutional logics, and thus, contributes to the enhancement of organizational effectiveness during crises. The theoretical integration of dramaturgy and institutional logic theory offers valuable insights into the challenges and potential solutions faced during the daily operation of hotels, particularly concerning intricate interactions among different stakeholders during crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study underlines customers' value to contemporary theme parks in terms of customer citizenship behavior (CCB). Considering the frequency of customer-to-customer interaction and its impacts on tourist experience, this study aims to explore how other customers influence CCB in theme parks. Based on the cognition-affect-behavior model and the affect theory of social exchange, a model is constructed and tested with covariance-based structural equation modeling using survey data from 409 theme park visitors in China. The results show that the focal customers' perceptions of others (i.e. similarity and suitable behavior) can elicit customer-customer rapport (i.e. enjoyable interaction and personal connection), which in turn promotes target-based CCB (i.e. towards organizations, employees, and other customers) via affective commitment. This study extends the current theoretical knowledge on customer-customer rapport and CCB, and provides practical guidelines for theme park managers. • The formation of customer citizenship behavior is revisited from customer-customer interaction angle. • Customers′ cognitive perceptions of fellow visitors will affect their citizenship behavior. • Customer-customer rapport and affective commitment play critical roles of mediator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arousal and awareness are two components of consciousness whose neural mechanisms remain unclear. Spontaneous peaks of global (brain-wide) blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal have been found to be sensitive to changes in arousal. By contrasting BOLD signals at different arousal levels, we find decreased activation of the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) during transient peaks in the global signal in low arousal and awareness states (non-rapid eye movement sleep and anesthesia) compared to wakefulness and in eyes-closed compared to eyes-open conditions in healthy awake individuals. Intriguingly, VPL-global co-activation remains high in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS), who exhibit high arousal without awareness, while it reduces in rapid eye movement sleep, a state characterized by low arousal but high awareness. Furthermore, lower co-activation is found in individuals during N3 sleep compared to patients with UWS. These results demonstrate that co-activation of VPL and global activity is critical to arousal but not to awareness. [Display omitted] • Co-activation of VPL and global brain is elevated in wakefulness and unresponsive wakefulness • VPL activity is reduced in low arousal states compared to global brain activity • Co-activation of VPL and global transient signal is related to arousal rather than awareness • VPL might attain co-activation with global cortex via sensory-motor areas to modulate arousal Han et al. employed multi-center fMRI data to dissociate the components of consciousness, arousal, and awareness. By comparing co-activation of spontaneous global brain signal across conditions, they demonstrate that transient co-activation of the ventral posterolateral nucleus and global signal is predominantly associated with arousal rather than awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The first cross-dehydrogenative coupling of secondary benzylic ethers. • Isochroman-based tertiary ether synthesis in high efficiency. • Coupling of α-substituted isochromans with indoles and pyrroles. • The first example of catalytic asymmetric cross-dehydrogenative coupling leading to quaternary center. Abstract Current studies on cross-dehydrogenative coupling of benzylic ethers for new C–C bond construction predominantly focus on primary ether moieties. Oxidative cross-coupling of secondary benzylic ethers remains elusive. Herein, we describe the first cross-dehydrogenative coupling of secondary benzylic ethers with indoles and pyrroles for tertiary ether construction. A broad range of α-aryl substituted isochromans react with a variety of electronically varied indoles and pyrroles smoothly under mild metal-free conditions in high efficiency. In addition, the catalytic asymmetric variant was preliminarily explored, and corresponding tertiary ether was obtained in 69% ee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]