Search

Changes in river bank location have wide consequences on floodplain communities and the sustainability of floodplain ecosystems. Although river dynamics are monitored globally and locally, understanding the impact of riverine dynamics on land use change remains a challenge. Bangladesh, part of the Bengal Delta, is mostly made up of alluvial deposits and is crisscrossed by so many rivers. Jamuna is one of the prominent rivers in this region. This study presents a consistent evaluation of the dynamics of the Jamuna river and ensuing changes in land use over 48 years (1972–2020) depending on satellite observations and geospatial analysis. Changes in the presence of water were used to estimate the advance/retreat of the banks and loss/gain of land along 257 perpendicular transects along the common pattern of the centerlines of the river. We found that the overall loss of agricultural land was about 535.01 km2, sevenfold of the gained agricultural land. Other land use losses were bare lands 136.73 km2, waterbodies 80.37 km2, settlement 67.28 km2 and vegetation 132.79 km2 against 48.47 km2, 3.52 km2, 23.76 km2 and 6.14 km2 land use gains respectively. Agricultural land loss impacts the livelihood of the floodplain dwellers and settlement loss causes internal migration. This pattern of land use change driven by the river dynamics has created newer environmental challenges and additionally, climate change may intricate the situation in the future. The findings of this study throw insight into the fact and may aid in sustainable river training measures and floodplain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study evaluated the effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress, fibrosis and multiple genes regulation in the kidneys of high fat (HF) diet-fed rats. Wistar rats were fed with HF diet for eight weeks. These rats were also treated with resveratrol for eight weeks. Finally, kidney tissue samples were isolated from all sacrificed rats. The histological changes, creatinine and uric acid levels, oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide, and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels were analyzed. The antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels; gene expression of inflammatory and fibrosis-related genes namely, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), and collagen-1 were assessed. Moreover, gene expression of oxidative stress-related genes such as nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf-2), SOD, catalase, and glutathione reductase, were also assessed. HF diet-fed rats showed increased creatinine and uric acid levels in plasma which were lowered by resveratrol treatment. The study findings also revealed that resveratrol counterbalanced the oxidative stress and prevented the expression of the inflammatory genes; restored the catalase and SOD activities followed by the up-regulation of antioxidant genes expression in the kidneys of HF diet-fed rats. HF diet caused the Nrf-2 down-regulation followed by the decreased expression of HO-1 and HO-2 genes, which was restored by resveratrol treatment. Moreover, the histological assessment showed lipotoxicity and increased fibrosis in the kidneys of HF diet-fed rats. Resveratrol prevented the kidney fibrosis probably by limiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and down-regulating TGF-β1 mediated signaling pathway. In conclusion, resveratrol treatment showed beneficial effects in preventing oxidative stress and fibrosis in the kidneys of HF diet-fed rats probably by modulating the gene expression of oxidative stress and inflammation related factors and enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative cardiac troponin I concentration is predictive of worsened outcomes in cardiac surgery. Lung transplantation (LT) surgery shares common features with cardiac surgery, but postoperative troponin has yet to be investigated. The authors aimed to evaluate the association between early postoperative troponin concentration and the 1-year mortality after transplantation. A retrospective, observational, single-center study. At a tertiary care, university hospital. Patients who underwent lung transplantation from January 2011 to December 2017 For each patient, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected, as well as the troponin I measurement at the moment of postoperative intensive care unit admission. Two hundred twenty LT procedures were analyzed. Troponin I was elevated in all LT patients, with a median of 3.82 ng/mL−1 (2-6.42) ng/mL−1 significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors with 5.39 (2.88-7.44) v 3.50 ng/mL (1.74-5.76), p = 0.005. In the multivariate analysis, the authors found that only the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.001; 1.05]; p = 0.007) and the need to maintain extracorporeal life support at the end of surgery (HR 2.54; 95% CI [1.36; 4.73]; p = 0.003) were independently associated with the 1-year mortality. The multiple linear regression model found that troponin levels were associated with the need for extracorporeal life support (ECLS) (p = 0.014), the amount of transfused packed red blood cells (p = 0.008), and bilateral LT (p < 0.001). Early postoperative troponin serum levels were not independently associated with 1-year mortality. Early postoperative troponin I levels were correlated to bilateral LT, the need for ECLS, and intraoperative blood transfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to compare the long-term survival of patients with a stable aneurysm sac vs those with aneurysm sac regression after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and to identify the independent risk factors for aneurysm sac regression and mortality after EVAR. We reviewed all the patients who had undergone EVAR from 2005 to 2018 with computed tomography angiography available at 1 year of follow-up. Aneurysm sac regression was defined as a diameter decrease of >10%. We used multivariable regression to identify the independent risk factors for sac regression. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were performed to test the differences in 5-year mortality between a stable sac diameter and sac regression. The inclusion criteria were met by 325 patients, with 185 in the sac regression group and 140 in the stable sac group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that treatment of a ruptured aneurysm was an independent risk factor for aneurysm sac regression (hazard ratio [HR], 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-0.96). Age (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09), ischemic heart disease (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.13-3.31), neck thrombus (HR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.07-6.95), and a type II endoleak (HR, 19.21; 95% CI, 7.32-50.40) were independent risk factors for a stable aneurysm sac diameter. Multivariable Cox regression showed a significantly increased risk of mortality for patients with a stable aneurysm sac after EVAR (odds ratio, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.36-3.72). No significant differences were found in cause of death between the two groups. A stable aneurysm sac after EVAR was associated with increased mortality. Age, ischemic heart disease, neck thrombus, and a type II endoleak were independent risk factors for a stable aneurysm sac. However, a well-founded explanation for this finding is still lacking. Future research should focus on aggressive treatment of type II endoleaks and inflammatory processes as potential pathophysiologic mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination (FDC) of oral capecitabine + cyclophosphamide in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients progressing after anthracycline and/or taxane chemotherapy. In this prospective, adaptive, phase-2/3, open-label study (CTRI/2014/12/005234), patients were randomized (1:1:1) to three FDC doses (doses/day: D1, capecitabine + cyclophosphamide 1400 mg + 60 mg; D2, 1800 mg + 80 mg; D3, 2200 mg + 100 mg) for 14 days, in 21-day cycles. In Part-I, multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and optimal dose(s) were evaluated with futility analysis. Group(s) with <3 responders based on best overall response rate (BOR, complete response [CR]+partial response [PR]), were discontinued. Efficacy (BOR, disease control rates [DCR; CR + PR + stable disease]) and safety of optimal dose(s) were evaluated in Part-II. Of 66 patients (n = 22/group) in Part-I, pharmacokinetics (D1 = 7/22, D2 = 9/22, D3 = 8/22) showed dose-proportionality for cyclophosphamide and greater than dose-proportionality for capecitabine. Modified intent-to-treat (mITT) analysis showed BOR of 7.14% (1/14) in D1 (discontinued), and 22.22% (4/18) each in D2 and D3, respectively. In Part-II, 50 additional patients were randomized in D2 and D3 (n = 144; total 72 [22 + 50] patients/group). mITT analysis in D2 (n = 54) and D3 (n = 58) showed BOR of 29.63% (16/54, 95%CI: 17.45–41.81%) and 22.41% (13/58, 95%CI: 11.68–33.15%), respectively. DCR in D2 and D3 were 87.04% (47/54, 95%CI: 78.08–96.00%) and 82.76% (48/58; 95%CI: 73.04–92.48%) after 3 and 57.41% (31/54; 95%CI: 52.41–79.50%) and 50.00% (29/58; 95%CI: 40.40–67.00%), after 6-cycles, respectively. Hand-foot syndrome (16.67%), vomiting (9.72%) in D2, and hand-foot syndrome (18.06%), asthenia (15.28%) in D3 were most-common adverse events. FDC of capecitabine + cyclophosphamide (1800 + 80 mg/day) showed high disease control rates and good safety profile in MBC patients. • Oral fixed dose combination (FDC) of capecitabine + cyclophosphamide developed. • FDC showed high efficacy and good safety profiles. • Effective in MBC patients progressing post anthracycline and/or taxane exposure. • Oral FDC formulation may reduce pill burden and improve patient compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a multiband THz Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna is designed with dimensions of 80×100×10.8μm³. The antenna is made-up on a gold-plated Arlon AD410 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.1.It operates at three resonant frequencies, namely 1.45THz, 2.25THz, and 3.25THz, achieved through the integration of Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR) and Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technologies. The two-element MIMO configuration of the antenna ensures exceptional performance, offering high throughput with data rates of 25.23Gbps for the Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) scheme and 56.68Gbps for the 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) scheme. It also exhibits remarkable channel capacity, approximately 8.2bps/Hz at Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) = 20dB, surpassing the capabilities of single-element antennas. Moreover, it demonstrates excellent diversity performance for judging the MIMO antenna performance. This is evident through the following key metrics: Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) < 0.02, indicating that less than 1 % of power is transferred from the excited antenna to the second 50Ω terminated antenna when antenna-1 is excited; Directive Gain (DG) >9.95dB; Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) < -10dB, ensuring that a minimum of 90 % of the power is delivered to the patch port; and Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) < 0.35 bits/sec/Hz, guaranteeing reliable wireless communication. The antenna boasts peak gains of 3.83dBi, 4.06dBi, and 6.82dBi at 1.45THz, 2.25THz, and 3.25THz, respectively, along with a radiation efficiency of approximately 37, 58, and 51 % at the corresponding frequencies. Notably, the first two bands (1.34-1.51THz and 2.20-2.28THz) exhibit narrow bandwidths with quality factors above 80, making them particularly suitable for sensing applications in biomedical. Band-1 offers an average sensitivity of 3222.22 GHz/RIU and an FOM of 17.89, while Band-2 provides an average sensitivity of 2578.68 GHz/RIU and an FOM of 14.38. These characteristics make it well-suited for near-field Nano-communications and sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Les histiocytoses sont un groupe hétérogène de maladies caractérisées par l'accumulation d'histiocytes dans des organes variés. La mise en évidence d'anomalies moléculaires somatiques dans certaines d'entre elles a conduit à une nouvelle classification. Nous détaillons dans cette revue les atteintes osseuses des histiocytoses du groupe L (histiocytose Langerhansienne (HL) et maladie d'Erdheim-Chester (MEC)) et de la maladie de Destombes-Rosai-Dorfman (DRD). Les atteintes osseuses de l'HL sont constituées essentiellement d'atteintes lytiques, uni ou multifocales, hypermétaboliques sur la scintigraphie ou la tomodensitométrie par émission de positons (TEP) au 18 fluorodéoxyglucose (FDG), touchant principalement les os plats et les vertèbres et plus rarement les membres, avec un risque fracturaire. La MEC est caractérisée par une atteinte métaphyso-diaphysaire des os longs, présente dans plus de 90 % des cas, et constituant une atteinte iconique de la maladie. Les douleurs osseuses peuvent être révélatrices de la MEC. La maladie de DRD est caractérisée par une atteinte osseuse multifocale des membres ou du rachis, associée dans les formes typiques à des atteintes ganglionnaires. Les traitements diffèrent dans ces 3 types d'histiocytoses et vont d'une abstention thérapeutique à des chimiothérapies dans l'HL, de traitements immunomodulateurs à des thérapies ciblées dans la MEC et d'une corticothérapie à des chimiothérapies dans la maladie de DRD. Abstract Histiocytoses are heterogeneous diseases characterized by the accumulation of histiocytes in various organs. The detection of somatic molecular alterations in some of these led to a new classification, published in 2016. In this review, we describe bone involvement of L-group histiocytosis (Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD)), and Destombes-Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD). The osseous lesions of LCH consist of unilateral or multifocal, hypermetabolic lesions on bone C-computed tomography (CT)-scan or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), mainly affecting flat bones and vertebrae, and more rarely long bones, with a risk of fracture. ECD bone involvement is characterized by metaphyso-diaphyseal sclerotic, hypermetabolic lesions, present in more than 90 % of cases, and constituting an iconic feature of this disease. Limbs bone pain may be suggestive of ECD, and is sometimes the first sign of the disease. RDD is characterized by multifocal bone involvement of the limbs or spine, associated in typical forms with node involvement. Treatments options vary for these 3 types of histiocytoses, and range from abstention to chemotherapy in LCH, from immunomodulatory treatments to targeted therapies in ECD, and from abstention, corticosteroid therapy, immunosuppressive drugs, to chemotherapies in RDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Globally, a number of catastrophic hydrometeorological hazards occurred in 2017 among which the monsoon floods in South Asia was particularly disastrous, killing nearly 1200 people in India, Nepal and Bangladesh. The wetland region (Haor) of northeastern (NE) Bangladesh was severely affected by flash floods early in 2017, affecting nearly 1 million households and damaging US $450 million worth of rice crops. This study investigates how the NE Bangladesh experienced the 2017 flash floods, and to what degree the wetland communities are vulnerable and resilience to flash floods. Focus group discussion, key informant interviews, and household questionnaire surveys (n = 80) were applied in the study area of Sunamganj district. Results from statistical analyses and regression modelling reveal that poor people are particularly vulnerable to floods but they are also more adaptive and thus resilient; middle-income households are vulnerable as they are hesitant to take up any jobs and accept flood relief; and rich households, despite being less adaptive, are able to recover from flood disasters because of wealth. This study reveals that resilience also stems from deep religious faith in the Haor inhabitants that supports communities to move on by accepting that most natural calamities such as flash floods are divine tests. This study also finds that women are particularly vulnerable and less resilient as they are not normally allowed to work outside of their homes and beyond the Haor communities due to cultural and religious reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh has often been considered as the land of extremes in terms of natural processes. The statement is justified by the presence of world’s largest delta, one of the largest river systems carrying a huge amount of water and sediment discharge as well as prevalence of a number of natural hazards. These characteristics make the region very dynamic and sensitive to changes. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world and human development activities to accommodate the large population have caused major disruptions to the dynamics of the natural system. The study focuses on such a case where anthropogenic activities, such as polderization, dam construction etc. have disrupted the natural land building process and have caused persistent waterlogging in the southwest region of Bangladesh. The rivers in the region are naturally characterized by active deposition of sediment in riverbed causing reduced drainage capacity. Moreover, construction of coastal polders that de-linked the flood plains from the rivers, and diminished upstream flow during the dry season deteriorated the sedimentation problem in the region. The study delineates different hydrological parameters and characteristics of the deposited sediments along with identification of social vulnerabilities. The investigated hydrological and sedimentological characteristics refer to the existing sediment management as well as provide a framework for the future development works in the pre-identified TRM sites. Based on the findings, the suitability of Inclusive and Adaptive Tidal River Management (TRM++) technique was assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from the reduction of KMnO 4 with glycerol at 80 °C in aqueous media via a gel formation route. In order to investigate the thermal stability and phase transformation, Mn 3 O 4 NPs were subjected to heat treatment from 200 °C to 700 °C. The formation of different MnO x species observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements showed temperature dependent phase transformation occurring during the heat treatment process. XRD patterns showed that Mn 3 O 4 NPs were formed at a temperature of 80 °C and two new phases Mn 5 O 8 and Mn 2 O 3 were appeared at 350 °C and 700 °C respectively. The three different oxides having their distinct surface morphologies viz. , spherical, rod and cube shape respectively, were observed. Detailed morphological and structural investigations using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), XRD, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) revealed the temperature dependent phases, crystal structures, lattice constants, particle sizes and surface morphologies of the MnO x species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climatic changes are contaminating ground and surface water sources around the world, resulting in increased salinity. Knowing the animals' typical physiological capability for salinity tolerance without compromising their health is a necessity. The research was undertaken to determine the impacts of drinking water salinity on hemato-biochemical parameters of Black Bengal goats. A total of 40 Black Bengal goats (20 male and 20 female), age ranging from 1 to 5 years, were randomly selected and divided into 2 groups. The animals of group 1 received higher saline water (12 ppt) and those in group 2 received lower saline water (1 ppt) as regular drinking water. Blood parameters of all selected goats were measured. Serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, potassium, sodium, and chloride were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the animals of group 1 compared with group 2, although serum phosphorous was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in group 1 compared with group 2. There were no significant differences in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, magnesium, and calcium between the animals of group 1 and 2. AST and magnesium differed significantly (P < 0.05) between young and adult goats in group 1. Glucose and urea levels were slightly higher (P < 0.05) in young goats. In both groups, male goats had significantly higher (P < 0.05) serum potassium and urea levels than female goats. The results suggest that Black Bengal goats of the coastal areas have different salt tolerance capacities based on their age and sex, and adapt to higher salinity by changing kidney functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study aims to prepare a detailed GIS-based geomorphological map accompanied with landfill sites of Dhaka city area which can be used for multipurpose functionality. Attainment of the geomorphological map is based upon interpretation of the oldest available aerial photographs (1:40,000) and contemporary topographic maps (1:8000) which reflect almost pre-urban ground of Dhaka. Randomly distributed 160 boreholes have been used to prepare representative soil profiles (RSP) to identify the near-surface lithology of the geomorphological units. The study reveals that 13 out of 18 low-lying geomorphic units, comprising 65% of the total area demand landfill practices for urban development. Landfill sites have been merged with urban growth on each low-lying geomorphic unit using a spatially enhanced fused image of IRS-1D PAN and ETM+ bands 5, 4 and 3, acquired February 2000 and 2002, respectively. We found that 43% area of the total low-lying geomorphic units experience fill practices so far. The fill sites have been differentiated into four classes based on their relative thickness. Integration of fill classes with geomorphological map shows the urban dynamics of Dhaka city area till 2002. Due to GIS integration, this map can be rapidly updated to demonstrate temporal modifications in urban ground. It can be used effectively in different geomorphological hazard mapping and urban land-use practices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective The objective of this study was to examine the strength and consistency of the relationship between depression and diabetes in Bangladeshi population. Methods The study was conducted at the medicine department of Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) during May 2012 to May 2013. Equal number of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and non-diabetic subjects (patient attendants) were recruited from outpatient department matching for age (±2 years) and gender. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected from all the subjects. Depression was assessed using, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. A subject with a score above 8 was considered as depressive. Baseline characteristics of diabetic and non-diabetic participants were compared using chi square test. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between diabetes and depression adjusting for all plausible confounders in the model. Results 24.8% non-diabetic and 56.2% diabetic subjects were found to have depression. Statistically significant difference was found in income, waist-to-hip ratio between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (P < 0.001). Diabetic patients show 7-fold greater odds of having depression in comparison to their non-diabetic counterpart [OR 7.0, 95% CI (3.4, 14.3)]. Female gender appeared as significant predictor of depression [OR 4.3, 95% CI (2.1, 8.9)]. Conclusions In Bangladeshi population, people with diabetes are 7 times more likely to have co-existing depression in comparison to non-diabetic subjects. Further studies are required to establish the nature of the relationship between depression and T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La sarcoïdose est une maladie granulomateuse multisystémique de cause inconnue. La prévalence de l'atteinte osseuse est estimée entre 3 et 30 %. Elle est symptomatique dans environ la moitié des cas. La tomographie par émission de positrons (TEP) au 18F-fluorodéoxyglucose (FDG) associée à la tomodensitométrie (TDM) est un examen fréquemment utilisé au cours de la sarcoïdose pour chercher une cible biopsiable, évaluer les atteintes cardiaques, évaluer l'activité des stades IV pulmonaires, ou chercher des signes d'activité. Elle est sensible pour détecter l'atteinte osseuse, mais la signification clinique et pronostique des hypermétabolismes osseux n'est pas connue. Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective monocentrique de données collectées prospectivement. Les critères d'inclusion étaient une sarcoïdose définie selon les critères WASOG, comportant une documentation histologique, et la réalisation d'au moins une TEP-TDM au cours du suivi. Les atteintes osseuses métaboliques remplissant les critères WASOG d'atteinte « au moins probable » ou « hautement probable » ont été retenues. Les caractéristiques des patients avec et sans atteinte osseuse métabolique de la sarcoïdose ont été comparés avec un test de Fisher. Des courbes de survie sans rechute ont été construites par la méthode de Kaplan–Meier et comparées avec un test du log-rank. Une valeur p < 0,05 a été considéré significative. Parmi 503 patients ayant une sarcoïdose, 165 patients atteints de sarcoïdose définie ayant passé au moins une TEP-TDM ont été inclus. Quatorze patients présentaient un hypermétabolisme osseux d'autre cause que la sarcoïdose. Une atteinte osseuse métabolique de la sarcoïdose a été mise en évidence chez 29 patients (18 %), dont 9 (31 %) présentaient une atteinte osseuse structurale au scanner. L'atteinte osseuse métabolique de la sarcoïdose était associée à une atteinte ganglionnaire intrathoracique (28 [96 %] et 107 [79 %], p < 0,001) et extrathoracique (15 [52 %] et 40 [30 %], p = 0,03) plus fréquente. Les patients avec une atteinte osseuse métabolique recevaient plus fréquemment un traitement par corticoïdes (29 [100 %] et 99 [73 %], p < 0,001), méthotrexate (26 [90 %] et 66 [48 %], p < 0,001) et anti- tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha (22 [76 %] et 41 [30 %], p < 0,001). Malgré des traitements plus agressifs, la rechute survenait significativement plus tôt chez les patients avec une atteinte osseuse métabolique (délai médian à la première rechute, 63 [44–84] mois et 96 [72–156] mois respectivement, p = 0,01). L'atteinte osseuse métabolique de la sarcoïdose est présente chez 18 % des patients. Elle est le plus souvent axiale et sans lésion structurale sous-jacente. Dans cette étude comparative, elle est associée à des traitements plus fréquents et des rechutes plus précoces, représentant ainsi un signe de sévérité et de chronicité de la maladie. Cette donnée pourrait permettre d'ajuster la stratégie thérapeutique individuelle des patients atteints de sarcoïdose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Introduction La sarcoïdose est une affection granulomateuse multisystémique d’étiologie inconnue. L’apparition ou la majoration d’une granulomatose après transplantation de cellules souches hématopoïétiques (TCSH) a rarement été rapportée dans la littérature. Observation Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente de 62 ans, ayant présenté une poussée de sarcoïdose dans les suites d’une autogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques (CSH) réalisée dans le cadre d’un POEMS syndrome. La poussée de sarcoïdose a été mise en évidence par les examens d’imagerie et confirmée par l’obtention d’une histologie ganglionnaire ayant révélé la présence de granulomes épithélioïdes et gigantocellulaires non nécrotiques. La patiente était asymptomatique et ne nécessitait pas de traitement. Conclusion Le diagnostic de granulomatose doit être envisagé dans les suites d’une TCSH devant une présentation clinicoradiologique compatible. La confirmation reste histologique. Les diagnostics différentiels de granulomatose doivent être éliminés. Chez un malade ayant une sarcoïdose devant bénéficier d’une TCSH, le risque d’aggravation de la sarcoïdose devra être considéré. Introduction Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown cause. Apparition or flare of previously diagnosed sarcoidosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has rarely been reported. Observation We report a 62-year-old woman who presented a radiological flare of sarcoidosis post-autologous stem cell transplantation for a POEMS syndrome. Imaging findings and lymph node histology, which revealed non-caseating granuloma, were consistent with the sarcoidosis diagnosis. The patient was asymptomatic and was kept free of treatment. Conclusion Sarcoidosis must be considered ahead of compatible clinicoradiological presentation occurring after HSCT. Sarcoidosis can mimic metastatic cancer or lymphatic relapse. Tissue biopsies and exclusion of differential diagnosis of granuloma diseases are warranted to confirm sarcoidosis diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé La maladie d’Erdheim-Chester est une maladie rare et orpheline décrite en 1930. Bien qu’elle ait été largement sous-diagnostiquée pendant de nombreuses décennies, de nombreux nouveaux cas ont été rapportés ces dernières années. Le nombre de patients a ainsi connu une croissance importante avec plus de 300 nouveaux cas publiés depuis 10 ans. Ceci résulte avant tout de la meilleure connaissance des différents aspects de cette histiocytose parmi les anatomopathologistes, les radiologues et les cliniciens. Sur le plan thérapeutique, la démonstration de l’efficacité de l’interféron-α a été une avancée majeure. Plus récemment, la mutation BRAF V600E a été mise en évidence de chez plus de la moitié des patients ayant une maladie d’Erdheim-Chester. Cela a permis l’utilisation des inhibiteurs de BRAF (vémurafénib) chez des patients mutés BRAF V600E ayant des formes graves de la maladie avec une efficacité spectaculaire. Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare and orphan disease. Despite having been overlooked previously, numerous new cases have been diagnosed more recently. The number of Erdheim-Chester disease cases reported has increased substantially: more than 300 new cases have been published in the past 10 years. This situation is mainly a result of the generally better awareness among pathologists, radiologists, and clinicians of various aspects of this rare disease. The field has been particularly active in the last few years, with evidence of the efficacy of interferon-α, the description of a systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine signature, and most recently, reports of the dramatic efficacy of BRAF inhibition in severe, BRAF V600E mutation-associated cases of Erdheim-Chester disease. Also, BRAF mutations have been found in more than half of the patients with Erdheim-Chester disease who were tested. Detailed elucidation of the pathogenesis of the disease is likely to lead to the development of better targeted and more effective therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]