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Transvaginal ultrasonography can be used to follow the treatment of non-metastatic uterine trophoblastic tumors. Trophoblastic tumors are often associated with molar pregnancies, or those involving a mass formed by the degeneration of a diseased ovum. Six women diagnosed with trophoblastic tumors associated with molar pregnancies were evaluated by ultrasound before, during and after chemotherapy. Suspicious tissue was identified by ultrasound in all but one of the women during the initial exam. A trophoblastic tumor could not be identified in the woman who had lung metastases. A nodule was the most frequently identified lesion in the uterine muscle. A reduction in the nodules was seen during chemotherapy after other biological markers indicated a regression of the tumor. In all cases a normal uterine image was seen at a follow-up exam performed within three to six months of treatment.