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Privacy preserving of dynamic data release is a research hotspot all the while. From the previous study, the release of dynamic data set has the problems of high computational complexity, poor data availability and more noise. To solve these problems, we present a method named Dynamic Data Release on Numeric (DP-DDRN) and a modified strategy based on dynamic similarity for optimal noise sets. Firstly, when the privacy budget remains the same, the DP-DDRN is to classify data set, compute the weight and dynamic sensitivity of each group, and then add Laplace noise according to the weight and the dynamic sensitivity. Secondly, the similarity between the processing results and the original data is calculated using the dynamic similarity algorithm; if the similarity is under a threshold, DP-DDRN algorithm will adjust strategy to reprocess the original data in loops until the threshold is reached, and then the processing results are kept and released. Experiments show that, our algorithm can protect the privacy of data with a low computational complexity and a higher data accuracy result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacological, spectrophotographic and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) approaches were used to investigate the roles of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) played in signaling transduction of stomatal closure induced by CdCl 2 in Vigna radiata L. In the present study, CdCl 2 could induce stomatal closure in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was inhibited by H 2 S modulators hypotaurine (HT), aminooxy acetic acid (AOA), hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH), potassium pyruvate (C 3 H 3 KO 3), ammonia (NH 3), H 2 O 2 modulators ascorbic acid (ASA), catalase (CAT), diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). In addition, both the content of H 2 S, activity of L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase (L-/D-CDes and pyridoxalphosphate-dependent enzyme) in leaves of V. radiata , and the level of H 2 O 2 in guard cells significantly increased under CdCl 2 stress, which were inhibited by H 2 S and H 2 O 2 modulators, respectively. H 2 O 2 modulators could suppress CdCl 2 -induced increase of H 2 S levels, L-/D-CDes activity and stomatal closure in the leaves of V. radiata. However, H 2 S modulators had no effect on the accumulation of CdCl 2 -induced H 2 O 2 in guard cells of V. radiata. From these data, it can be deduced that both H 2 S and H 2 O 2 can mediate CdCl 2 -induced stomatal closure in V. radiata L., and H 2 S acts downstream than H 2 O 2 in such process. • H 2 S is involved in CdCl 2 -induced stomatal closure. • Both L- and D-cysteine desulfhydrase activities were implicated in CdCl 2 -induced H 2 S production in Vigna radiata L. • H 2 S functions downstream of H 2 O 2 in CdCl 2 -induced stomatal closure in Vigna radiata L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High molecular weight organic compounds (HMW-OCs), formed as secondary organic aerosols (SOA), have been reported in many laboratory studies. However, little evidence of HMW-OCs formation, in particular during winter season in the real atmosphere, has been reported. In January 2013, Beijing faced historically severe haze pollution, in which the hourly PM 2.5 concentration reached as high as 974 μg m −3 . Four typical haze events (HE1 to HE4) were identified, and HE2 (Jan. 9–16) was the most serious of these. Based on the hourly observed chemical composition of PM 2.5 and the daily organic composition analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), we found that abundant ion peaks in m/z 200–850 appeared on heavy haze days, whereas these were negligible on a clear day, indicating the existence of HMW-OCs in the wintertime haze. A negative nonlinear correlation between HMW-OCs and O 3 suggested that gas oxidation was not likely to be the dominant mechanism for HMW-OCs formation. During the heavy haze events, the relative humidity and mass ratio of H 2 O/PM 2.5 reached as high as 80% and 0.2, respectively. The high water content and its good positive correlation with HMW-OCs indicated that an aqueous-phase process may be a significant pathway in wintertime. The evidence that acidity was much higher during HE2 (0.37 μg m −3 ) than on other days, as well as its strong correlation with HMW-OCs, indicated that acid-catalyzed reactions likely resulted in HMW-OCs formation during the heavy winter haze in Beijing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The current study investigated the efficacy of Cyclocarya paliurus chloroform extract (CPEC) and its two specific triterpenoids (cyclocaric acid B and cyclocarioside H) on the regulation of glucose disposal and the underlying mechanisms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Methods: Mice and adipocytes were stimulated by macrophages-derived conditioned medium (Mac-CM) to induce insulin resistance. CPEC was evaluated in mice for its ability by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT). To investigate the hypoglycemic mechanisms of CPEC and its two triterpenoids, glucose uptake, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, inhibitor of NF-κB kinase β (IKKβ) phosphorylation and insulin signaling transduction were detected in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using 2-NBDG uptake assay and Western blot analysis.Results: Mac-CM, an inflammatory stimulus which induced the glucose and insulin intolerance, increased phosphorylation of IKKβ, reduced glucose uptake and impaired insulin sensitivity. CPEC and two triterpenoids improved glucose consumption and increased AMPK phosphorylation under basal and inflammatory conditions. Moreover, CPEC and its two triterpenoids not only enhanced glucose uptake in an insulin-independent manner, but also restored insulin-mediated protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation by reducing the activation of IKKβ and regulating insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) serine/tyrosine phosphorylation. These beneficial effects were attenuated by AMPK inhibitor compound C, implying that the effects may be associated with AMPK activation.Conclusions: CPEC and its two triterpenoids promoted glucose uptake in the absence of insulin, as well as ameliorated IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway by inhibiting inflammation. These effects were related to the regulation of AMPK activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1) was shown to play an important role in inflammation and innate immune response, but how PIAS1 is regulated is not known. We have recently demonstrated that PIAS1 enhances spatial learning and memory performance in rats. In this study, we examined the signaling pathway and neural mechanism that regulate PIAS1 expression in the brain by using pharmacological and molecular approaches. Our results revealed that pias1 gene expression is rapidly induced upon NMDA receptor activation in rat hippocampus, but this effect is blocked by transfection of sub-threshold concentrations of ERK1 siRNA/ERK2 siRNA or CREB siRNA. Pias1 gene expression is similarly induced by overexpression of the ERK1/ERK2 plasmids in rat hippocampus, and this effect is also blocked by sub-threshold concentration of CREB siRNA transfection. On the other hand, transfection of ERK1 siRNA/ERK2 siRNA or CREB siRNA at a higher concentration is sufficient to down-regulate PIAS1 expression. Inhibition of PI-3 kinase signaling and CaMKII signaling, which both result in CREB inactivation, similarly decreases PIAS1 expression. But NMDA and MK-801 do not affect the expression of IL-6 and TNFα. NMDA also did not affect the expression of PIAS2, PIAS3 and PIAS4. Further, pias1 mRNA has a similar degradation rate to that of the zif268 gene. These results together suggest that pias1 may function as an immediate early gene in an activity-dependent manner and PIAS1 expression is regulated by the NMDA-MAPK/ERK-CREB signaling pathway implicated in neuronal plasticity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Objective: The purpose of this study was to use microarray technology to: (1) understand the early molecular events underlying the damage of articular cartilage initiated by this surgical procedure, and (2) determine whether these changes mimic those that are occurring in human osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage. Design: Cartilage was harvested from both medial and lateral sides of the tibial plateaus and femoral condyles of both meniscal tear (MT) and sham surgery groups on days 3, 7 and 21 post-surgery. mRNA prepared from these rat cartilage samples was used for microarray analysis. Results: Statistical analysis identified 475 genes that were differentially expressed between the sham and MT groups, at one or more of the time points that were analyzed. By integrating these genes with OA-related genes reported previously in a rat OA model and in human OA array studies, we identified 20 commonly changed genes. Six out of these 20 genes (Col5A1, Col6A2, INHBA, LTBP2, NBL1 and SERPINA1) were differentially expressed in two animal models and in human OA. Pathway analysis identified some key features of OA pathology, namely cartilage extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and chondrocyte cell death that were recapitulated in the animal models. The rat models suggested increased inflammation and cholesterol metabolic pathways may play important role in early cartilage degeneration. Conclusion: We identified a large number of differentially expressed genes in the articular cartilage of the MT model. While there was lack of overall identity in cartilage gene expression between the rat models and human OA, several key biological processes were recapitulated in the rat MT OA model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Streptococcus suis (S. suis) type 2 infection is considered to be a major problem worldwide in the swine industry. Studying phages of S. suis type 2 would be crucial for understanding the ecology and evolution of the Gram-positive bacteria. However, at the present, very little is known about them. An S. suis type 2 bacteriophage, named SMP, was isolated from nasal swabs of healthy Bama minipigs and was characterized at the microbiological and molecular levels. Phage SMP had an isometric head of 50nm, a noncontractile tail of approximately 135nm, and a linear double-stranded DNA genome. The host range of phage SMP was limited to 2 of 24 S. suis type 2 strains tested. The genome of phage SMP contained 36,216bp with an average G+C content of 41.6%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Oxidative damage of biomolecules increases with age and is postulated to be a major causal factor of various physiological function disorders. Consequently, the concept of anti-age by antioxidants has been developed. Lycium barbarum fruits have been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and the data obtained in in vitro models have clearly established the antioxidant potency of the polysaccharides isolated from the fruits. In the present study, the age-dependent changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity, immune function and lipid peroxidation product were investigated and effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on age-induced oxidative stress in different organs of aged mice was checked. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (200, 350 and 500mg/kg b.w. in physiological saline) were orally administrated to aged mice over a period of 30 days. Aged mice receiving vitamin C served as positive control. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, lipid peroxides in serum and tested organs, and immune function were measured. Result showed that increased endogenous lipid peroxidation, and decreased antioxidant activities, as assessed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and immune function were observed in aged mice and restored to normal levels in the polysaccharides-treated groups. Antioxidant activities of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides can be compable with normal antioxidant, vitamin C. Moreover, addition of vitamin C to the polysaccharides further increased the in vivo antioxidant activity of the latter. It is concluded that the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides can be used in compensating the decline in TAOC, immune function and the activities of antioxidant enzymes and thereby reduces the risks of lipid peroxidation accelerated by age-induced free radical. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Based on rigorous operator theory, a general solution of the three-dimensional elasticity equations of equilibrium for 1D hexagonal quasicrystals is obtained. The solution is expressed in terms of four quasiharmonic functions, which is very simple and useful. The point phonon (phason) force solution of an infinite 1D hexagonal quasicrystal body is derived, all in terms of elementary functions. They can play an important role in numerical simulations such as boundary element method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• A control method is proposed for preparing non-classical collective spin states. • Optimization measures are proposed to reduce the difficulty of implementation. • Robustness against deviation of initial states, operational errors, and decoherence has been verified. We propose a control method inspired by Lyapunov control to prepare non-classical state for a collective spin model. The spin squeezed states with entanglement can be prepared effectively. Meanwhile, the spin squeezed direction is fixed and the coherence can be maintained largely. It costs less time to obtain the non-classical state for larger systems and the control method performs effectively in a range of amplitudes of the control fields. The control method not only can be optimized by reducing the fast oscillations in the control fields but also behaves robustly for a range of deviation in the initial state and imperfections in the control fields during evolution. The non-classical states can be prepared in the presence of decoherence due to interaction with the environment in a range. We confirm that this closed-loop method can be applied to open-loop procedure in order to avoid quantum collapse resulting from measurement. This method can be applied in precision metrology by atom interferometry with a Bose-Einstein condensate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stress transfer mechanism in fiber-reinforced composites with a partial damage interface was investigated by a newly developed shear-lag model with a cohesive interface. The analytical solutions of the interfacial shear stress and the normal stress in the fiber at a damage stage were obtained. Analytical expressions of the critical stress corresponding to the initiation of damage or debonding of the interface were derived. The analytical solutions agreed well with the numerical results and existing experimental results. • The analytical solutions of the interfacial stress at a damage stage were obtained. • Analytical expressions of the critical stress for the interface debonding were derived. • The analytical solutions agreed well with the numerical results and existing experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The IGC resistance difference of the Al-Cu-Li alloys with different Zn-additions is investigated. • Three types of phase at GBs were confirmed. • Zn exists in the coarsen phase at the GBs. The quantity and space of the coarse phases at the GBs are attached to Zn-addition. • The potential difference between the conversed coarse phase and adjacent zone decreases contributing to the increasing corrosion resistance. Abstract The influence of various amounts of Zn addition on the microstructure and associated intergranular corrosion of Al-2.8Cu-1.7Li-0.4Mg-0.3Mn-0.12Zr alloys was studied using transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and corrosion and electrochemical techniques. The added Zn was incorporated into the precipitates at the grain boundaries (GBs). Three types of phases at the GBs were confirmed. The quantity and space of the coarse phases at the GBs were related to Zn addition. The Zn addition decreased the potential difference between the conversed coarse phase (containing Zn) and the adjacent matrix, which improved the intergranular corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phoebe is the only major satellite of Saturn with a retrograde orbit. The Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) took a lot of Phoebe images between 2004 and 2017, but only a selection of them has been reduced. In this paper, we reduced the remaining ISS images of Phoebe. In the reduction, the Gaia EDR3 catalogue was used to provide the reference stars' positions, and the modified moment was used to measure the centre of image stars and Phoebe. Finally, a total of 834 ISS images of Phoebe have been reduced successfully. Compared with the JPL ephemeris SAT375, Phoebe's positions are consistent. The average residuals in the right ascension and declination are 0.08″ and −0.05′′, and the standard deviations of the residuals are about 0.2′′. In terms of residuals in linear units, the means in the right ascension and declination are about 5 ​km and −2 km, respectively; The standard deviations are about 11 ​km. Compared with the JPL ephemeris SAT427 and IMCCE ephemeris PH20, our measurements show a strong bias and a large dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungsten carbide (WC)-based matrix powder, basalt fiber (BF) and diamond were used as raw materials to prepare WC-based diamond composites by hot-press sintering, and then the sintered samples were tested for thermal conductivity and wear resistance. The surface, fracture surface and wear surface of the samples were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the addition of BF significantly weakened the wear resistance of the diamond composites, and the abrasive ratio of the samples was reduced by 34.4% at 5% mass fraction BF addition compared to the samples without BF addition. At the same time, the addition of a moderate amount of BF increased the relative density of the matrix and reduced the number of pores in the matrix material. When 1 wt% BF was added, the WC-based diamond composite had the highest thermal conductivity, reducing the risk of possible thermal damage to the diamond. • The addition of BF can effectively weaken the wear resistance of the WC-based diamond composites. • The WC-based diamond composite had the highest thermal conductivity with the addition of 1 wt% BF. • The right amount of BF can weaken the wear resistance of the composite, and improve the ability of the matrix to hold the diamond. • The introduction of BF to replace part of WC reduced the production cost of composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurement of carbonaceous aerosols is complicated by positive and negative artifacts. An organic denuder with high efficiency for removing gaseous organics is an effective approach to eliminate the positive artifact, and it is a precondition for the accurate determination of SVOC by an adsorbent backup filter. Evaluations of different configurations of the organic denuder, and SVOC determined by different denuder-based samplers, both integrated and semi-continuous, are reviewed. A new equation for determination of the denuder efficiency is estimated, considering the efficiency of removing both the gaseous organics that could be adsorbed by the quartz and the gaseous passing through the quartz that could be subsequently adsorbed by the backup adsorbent filter. The origin of OC on the backup quartz filter, behind either quartz or Teflon filter, is quantitatively evaluated by the denuder-based method based on the data published. The backup-OC is shown to be dominated by either gaseous organics passing through the front filter or the evaporated particulate organic carbon depending on the sampling environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Serum PINP has emerged as a reliable marker of bone turnover in humans and is routinely used to monitor bone formation. However, the effects of PTH (1–34) on bone turnover have not been evaluated following short-term treatment. We present data demonstrating that PINP is an early serum biomarker in the rat for assessing bone anabolic activity in response to treatment with PTH (1–38). Rat serum PINP levels were found to increase following as few as 6 days of treatment with PTH (1–38) and these increases paralleled expression of genes associated with bone formation, as well as, later increases in BMD. Additionally, PINP levels were unaffected by treatment with an antiresorptive bisphosphonate. PINP may be used to detect PTH-induced early bone formation in the rat and may be more generally applicable for preclinical testing of potential bone anabolic drugs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]