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Glenoid component loosening remains the most common reason for revision of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA). We assessed early clinical and radiographic outcomes following aTSA using a press-fit short stem and a peripherally enhanced fixation glenoid. 275 consecutive patients with end-stage glenohumeral arthritis and Walch A- or B-type glenoid morphology who underwent primary aTSA in 2017-2018 at two high-volume shoulder arthroplasty institutions were evaluated, and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) and radiographic findings were studied in those with completed baseline and minimum 2-year follow-up, respectively. Patient demographics, glenoid morphology, body mass index (BMI), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), range of motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and Simple Assessment Numeric Evaluation score were collected. Radiographic analysis of glenoid and humeral components was performed. Multivariable logistic, equal adjacent odds ordinal, and beta regression were respectively used to identify predictors of glenoid radiolucent lines, humeral calcar resorption, and total ASES score. Patients were 43% female, with a mean age of 66, a median BMI of 30, and median follow-up of 28.4 months. ASES and Simple Assessment Numeric Evaluation scores improved by respective medians of 54.4 and 55.0 points, forward elevation by median 35°, and external rotation by median 30° (all P <.001 for preoperative to postoperative change). Postoperative radiographs of 177 cases showed 10 (5.7%) glenoid osteolysis, 51 (28.8%) glenoid radiolucent lines, and 81 (45.8%) calcar resorptions. The follow-up duration (median 40.1 vs. 27.2 months; P <.001), BMI (median 27.5 vs. 30.7; P <.001), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (Q3 0 vs. 1; P =.02) were associated with glenoid osteolysis in bivariate analyses. In multiple logistic regression, surgeon (C vs. A/B) was the only statistically significant predictor of glenoid radiolucent lines [OR 0.27, 95% CI (0.1, 0.8)]. By descending importance, Surgeon C [OR 6.5 (2.0, 20.5)], humeral canal filling ratio [upper vs. lower quartile OR 2.3 (1.3, 4.0)], mediolateral humeral head deviation [upper vs. lower quartile OR 1.9 (1.0, 3.5)], and glenoid osteolysis [OR 13.5 (2.6, 71.6)] significantly predicted greater calcar resorption. Longer follow-up duration marginally statistically significantly predicted lower ASES score [upper vs. lower quartile OR 0.8 (0.6, 1.0)]. Following aTSA with a peripherally enhanced fixation glenoid, pain, range of motion, and patient-reported outcomes significantly improved at a minimum of 2 years with only 5.7% glenoid osteolysis despite heterogeneous preoperative glenoid pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is standard of care for rotator cuff evaluation, with clinical interpretation usually limited to qualitative judgments. The reliability of MRI-based measurements and scoring systems has been evaluated only preoperatively or ≥6 months following rotator cuff repair, when repairs are in the later stages of healing. This study describes the MRI assessments and inter-rater agreement of various rotator cuff tendon and muscle parameters evaluated preoperatively and 4 times during the first postoperative year. Two musculoskeletal radiologists independently assessed MRI scans of 42 patients preoperatively and 3, 12, 26, and 52 weeks after rotator cuff repair. Using standardized reading rules, readers assessed tendon integrity (5-point Sugaya classification), tear dimensions, muscle fat (5-point Goutallier classification) and atrophy (4-point Warner classification), muscle cross-sectional areas, and myotendinous junction distance. Raw exact agreement proportions, κ statistics, and correlation coefficients were used to quantify inter-rater agreement. Readers showed moderate to substantial above-chance agreement in scoring rotator cuff tendon integrity and supraspinatus muscle atrophy and good to excellent agreement on tear dimensions and muscle cross-sectional areas but only fair to moderate agreement for fatty infiltration and myotendinous junction distance. Only fatty infiltration grades evidenced observer bias. Inter-rater agreement did not appear time dependent. By use of defined reading rules in a research setting, MRI evaluations of rotator cuff tendon integrity, tear dimensions, muscle atrophy, and cross-sectional areas have reasonable reliability at all time points in the first postoperative year. However, the presence of clinically significant disagreements, even in such favorable circumstances, indicates the need for improved imaging tools for precise rotator cuff evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization has unfolded great opportunities for its ability to promote carbon neutrality. Nevertheless, it is still in a nascent stage enduring uncertainties due to the lack of clear guidance about holistic digitalization contributions to the carbon neutrality process (CNP). Moreover, the intricate environmental effects provided by digitalization and digital mechanisms towards CNP present a fragmented landscape with controversial arguments, deserving further exploration. Addressing this gap, multidimensional macro environmental and economic impacts induced by digitalization - such as direct and indirect effects, rebound effects, spillover effects and higher-order effects - are systematically evaluated to answer the issues about whether digitalization can contribute to carbon neutrality. Furthermore, the synergetic management of digital application and carbon reduction are closely related to the energy value chain. To this end, by overviewing objective and comprehensive scenarios related to state-of-the-art digital technologies in multiple sectors of the energy value chain, this study proposes an integral mechanism framework by theorizing an undefined field about digitalization towards CNP in terms of sectoral innovation, energy systems, individual behaviours, carbon-related assurance, and energy security guarantees. Accordingly, this study also contributes to potential directions and rising policy expectations about further estimation of digital effects, broader digital scenarios towards CNP and sustainable digitalization. • Multiple macro effects induced by digitalization, like direct, spillover and other higher-order effects could affect CNP. • Potential directions such as estimation of digital effects, broader and sustainable digital scenarios towards CNP should be noticed. • Scenarios analyses for state-of-the-art DTEs across key carbon-related sectors are provided according to energy value chains. • Integral digital framework covers sectoral innovation, energy system, individual behaviors and carbon-related assurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a kind of novel electrode material for energy storage has attracted increasing attention. However, their poor conductivity and difficulties in directly grown on the current collector largely thwart their maximum performance. Herein, an effective strategy was developed to increase the overall electrical conductivity and active surface area of MOFs by implanting conductive NiCo 2 O 4 nanowires on carbon cloth as the interconnected anchors for in situ growth of MOFs nanosheets. The as-synthesized NiCo 2 O 4 @Ni-MOF electrode delivers an ultra-high areal capacitance of 7.23 F cm−2 at a current density of 5 mA cm−2, with an exceptional rate capability (5.04 F cm−2 at a very high current density of 30 mA cm−2). Meanwhile, NiCo 2 O 4 NWAs are used as the strain buffer supports for preparing core−shell NiCo 2 O 4 @PPy nanorod arrays as a negative electrode. As a result, an HSC is successfully assembled by using the NiCo 2 O 4 @Ni-MOF and NiCo 2 O 4 @PPy as electrodes, achieving both high volumetric capacitance and energy density. This study presents a versatile strategy for effectively fabricating MOFs based binder-free energy storage materials for future portable and wearable electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ecological environments lead to distinct phylogenetic clusters of T. halophilus. • The evolution process of histamine synthesis in T. halophilus is gene flow. • Subgroups typing of T. halophilus was achieved by plasmid acquisition and loss. • The histamine-biosynthesis plasmid improved acid tolerance of T. halophilus. • Evolution of histamine biosynthesis promoted growth of T. halophilus species. Tetragenococcus halophilus is a halophilic bacterium that existed in the fermentation of soy sauce and miso for flavor production and probiotic benefits. However, it is composed of two subgroups, histamine-producing and non-histamine-producing, with the former causing histamine accumulation and offering risks to food safety. Exploring the evolutionary mechanisms and physiological function of histamine-biosynthesis is of significance for understanding the formative mechanism of T. halophilus' s strain-specificity and is helpful for microbial control. Using systematic genomic analysis, we found that plasmid acquisition and loss is the evolutionary form resulting in the two subgroups of T. halophilus. Two plasmids, plasmid α with 30 kb and plasmid β with 4 kb existed in histamine-producing T. halophilus. We investigated the whole genetic information and proposed their genetic function in both two plasmids. The acquisition of histamine-producing plasmid enhanced the acid tolerance of histamine-producing T. halophilus but did not affect salt tolerance. More interestingly, we found that the existence of plasmid will promote the co-culture growth of T. halophilus. This study deepens our understanding of the formative mechanism of microbial species diversity, and provides our knowledge of the physiological function of histamine-producing plasmids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract CGRP, known as the most potent vasodilator substance, plays an important role in hypertension initiation and development. TRPV1 and TRPA1 are critical in promoting the synthesis and release of CGRP, thereby regulating the cardiovascular tone. Rutaecarpine exhibits potent vasodilator and hypertensive effects by stimulating CGRP synthesis and release via activation of TRPV1. And NO has been shown to react with H 2 S in vivo to form HNO, thereby activating HNO-TRPA1-CGRP pathway. Inspired by combination therapy, 11 rutaecarpine-furoxan hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated. The results demonstrated that most hybrids exerted comparable or improved vasodilator activities. Among which, 13a is the most potent both ex vivo (EC 50 = 13.1 nM) and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that the vasodilator and anti-hypertensive effects of the hybrids might involve the promotion of CGRP release via dual activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1. This work suggests that dual-targeted hybrids might be an effective and promising approach to discover and develop novel anti-hypertensive drugs. Graphical abstract A series of rutaecarpine-NO donor hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated. Among which, 13a exhibited significantly improved vasodilator activity, which is probably effected via synergistically activating TRPV1 and TRPA1 to promoting the release of CGRP. Image 1 Highlights • Regulating the release of CGRP represents a new approach for anti-hypertensive drug discovery. • Hybridization strategy by dually targeting TRPV1 and TRPA1 was applied. • Rutaecarpine and furoxan-type NO donors are promising active phamacophores. • 13a exhibited significantly improved ex-vivo (EC 50 = 13.1 nM) and in-vivo activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the problem of group consensus of multi-agent systems that exchange information through two-layer directed communication network is investigated. Both competition and cooperation interconnections are considered, which is more in line with the reality. Based on layered event-triggered control strategy, agents only update control input and broadcast information to their neighborhood in discrete time instants according to the designed triggering conditions. Since the triggering conditions within two layers are different, the whole consensus process is asynchronous. We prove that the agents can achieve group consensus with the proposed control protocol and there is no Zeno behavior by choosing appropriate parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogenic amines (BAs), a class of toxic nitrogen-containing compounds, are commonly found in high-protein fermented foods. This study investigated whether, what and how the fermentation parameters influence the BAs accumulation in spontaneous soy sauce fermentation. The results showed that BAs accumulation in soy sauce fermentation throughout the year showed significant seasonal differences, which were closely related to temperature and pH value. Furthermore, different microbial communities were found in high- and low-BAs groups, indicating that seasonal fermentation factors affect BAs accumulation by influencing the microbial population. Following bioinformatic analysis, single-microorganism culture analysis, and simulated fermentation, it was found that lower temperature or higher NaCl concentration can reduce BAs accumulation, most likely by suppressing the proliferation of BAs-producing bacteria. This is a comprehensive study of the impact of fermentation parameters on BAs production, and will serve as a foundation for future research on BAs management. • The accumulation of biogenic amines (BAs) in soy sauce showed seasonal variations. • The accumulation of BAs was closely connected to temperature and pH value. • Fermentation parameters affect BAs production by influencing microbial growth. • Fermentation parameters affect BAs production by influencing microbial fermentation characteristics. • 40.79% BAs were reduced by lowering the fermentation temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel helical rod-like cobalt-based coordination supramolecular network material is fabricated. • The Co-CSN possesses structural flexibility and abundant open redox reaction sites. • The as-prepared cathode delivers a high areal capacitance of 10.19F/cm2. • The as-assembled devices achieve high energy densities and outstanding cycle performance. Developing and exploring new-type electrode materials with powerful components and suitable morphologies for well-pleasing energy storage and conversion is an important task. Herein, a novel cobalt-based coordination supramolecular network (Co-CSN) material with a helical rod-like morphology is in-situ synthesized by employing Co foam as Co ions source and substrate through a facile solvothermal approach. The helical micro-nano structured Co-CSN possesses three-dimensional (3D) networks that formed via hydrogen bonds, which endows it structural flexibility and abundant open redox reaction sites. Based on these advantages, the as-fabricated self-supporting Co-CSN helical micro-nano rods deliver a high areal capacitance of 10.19F/cm2, a good rate capability of 76.4% when increasing the current density to 30 mA/cm2. Furthermore, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) yields a volumetric capacitance of 7.45F/cm3 at 3 mA/cm2 and a high energy density of 2.65 mW h cm−3. Meanwhile, the fabricated aqueous Co-CSN//Zn battery presents a high capacity of 1.37 mAh/cm2 and a remarkable energy density of 19.0 mW h cm−3. Impressively, these two devices exhibit superior cycling performance (84.8% of its initial capacitance retained for Co-CSN//AC ASC and 81.1% for Co-CSN//Zn battery after 10,000 cycles). This work demonstrates supper promising of coordination supramolecular network materials for electrochemical energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Heterovalent doping with Pr3+ enhances the photoluminescence of CsPbCl 3. • Dual near-band gap emissions are present in almost all perovskite nanocrystals. • Adding PrCl 3 fills the Cl-vacancy, but over-coordination leads to PL decrease. • Pr3+ adds donor states to CsPbCl 3 and improves its electronic properties. CsPbCl 3 perovskite nanocrystals are doped with heterovalent Pr3+ using hot-injection method. These Pr3+-doped CsPbCl 3 nanocrystals exhibit a dramatically improved absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) compared to the undoped CsPbCl 3 , reaching 78.9 % PLQY at 9 % Pr-substitution. The crystal structure modification upon Pr3+ doping and luminescence mechanism are investigated using conventional optical spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy (i.e., X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray excited optical luminescence). Both the Pr3+ and Cl− are found contributing to the luminescence enhancement, and their individual roles in luminescence enhancement are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum carbide (Mo 2 C) is a cost-effective transition metal carbides (TMCs) electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its electronic structure similar to Pt-group noble metal. Herein, we report that an effective strategy of regulating the surface wettability and electronic state of Mo 2 C by ammonia and hydrothermal co-treatment to enhance its HER activity. The electrochemical results demonstrate that Mo 2 C undergoing ammonia and hydrothermal co-treatment (Mo 2 C-wh) exhibits remarkably improved electrocatalytic HER activity as compared to the pristine Mo 2 C (Mo 2 C-p) catalyst. The activity-structure relationship studies manifest that ammonia and hydrothermal co-treatment increases the content of hydroxyl group and pyridinic-N, thus endowing Mo 2 C-wh with lower charge transfer resistance, larger electrochemical active surface area and higher surface wettability. DFT calculations reveal that ammonia and hydrothermal co-treatment enhances the Mo 3 d -band center and reduces the hydrogen adsorption free energy. These changes in electronic states of Mo sites and physical properties of Mo 2 C positively contribute to the improvement of electrocatalytic HER activity. [Display omitted] • Enhancing the surface wettability of Mo 2 C by ammonia and hydrothermal co-treatment. • Regulating the electronic states of Mo 2 C by increasing pyridinic N species. • Decreasing hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy on Mo site in Mo 2 C. • Improving the catalytic HER activity and kinetic of Mo 2 C catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives as electrode materials for energy storage and conversion are intriguing. However, the in-situ uniformly and firmly growing metal-organic framework materials directly on conductive substrates is limited and still challenging. Herein, an effective strategy is presented by constructing a ribbonlike Co 3 O 4 nanoarrays that derived from zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF) on carbon cloth as "fixed piles" for the in-situ solvothermal synthesis of Ni-MOF nanosheets. As a result, the Ni-MOF nanosheets closely distribute on the surface of the carbon cloth with fluffy structure, which favors exposure of more active sites and rapid diffusion of electrolyte ions. The as-fabricated integrated composite electrode (Co 3 O 4 @Ni-MOF) delivers a good specific capacitance of 1416 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g, superior to the individual Co 3 O 4 (410 F/g) and Ni-MOF electrode (690 F/g). Moreover, the specific capacitance can be kept at 90% of its original value after 3000 cycles. Based on these advantages, a hybrid supercapacitor fabricated by the Co 3 O 4 @Ni-MOF electrode and activated carbon (AC) shows prominent energy density of 68.6 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 510 W kg−1, and excellent cycling stability (about 12% capacitance loss after 5000 charge-discharge cycles). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cobalt chemical state tuning via selective crystal facet exposure of CeO 2 support. • Improved catalytic activity and durability of catalyst with low state of Co sites. • In situ detection of intermediates of ESR reaction by SR-PIMS observation. • Catalytic ESR reaction mechanism investigated by in situ SR-PIMS and DFT studies. Regulating the chemical state of Co sites to develop high-performance Co-based catalysts for ethanol steam reforming reaction is desirable but challenging. Herein, we report an effective strategy of tuning chemical states of Co sites by preferred exposure of CeO 2 facets. The as-prepared Co/CeO 2 -(M) and Co/CeO 2 -(U) catalysts have exposure preference of (1 1 1) facet and (1 0 0) facet of CeO 2 supports, respectively. The results demonstrate that the Co/CeO 2 -(M) has Co sites in lower oxidation state and exhibits higher C C bond cleavage capability and more excellent catalytic performance for ethanol steam reforming reaction than Co/CeO 2 -(U), the hydrogen selectivity reaches as high as 97% at ethanol conversion of 100%. In situ synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations reveal that Co site in low oxidation state has a significant preference for carbon chain shortening by C C cleavage over carbon chain lengthening by condensation reaction, thus improving the hydrogen production efficiency of ethanol steam reforming reaction. This work provides an effective strategy to enhance the catalytic performances of Co-based catalysts for ethanol steam reforming reaction and expands the understanding about ethanol steam reforming reaction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We find a relationship between eco-space network and soil conservation capacity. • We construct an ISHE model to evaluate the importance of ecological nodes. • We improve soil conservation capacity by improving network topology characteristics. Many regions on the globe are at risk of soil erosion, especially in the ecologically fragile areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Enhancing the soil conservation capacity of regional vegetation is one of the main ways to address soil erosion. However, most studies ignore the relationship between the spatial distribution structure of vegetation and soil conservation capacity, and the construction of ecological spatial networks is an effective means to study the spatial distribution structure of vegetation. In this study, we extracted the ecological spatial network of Southeast Tibet by the minimum resistance model (MCR) and combined the ecological network with complex network theory to calculate the topological indices of the ecological spatial network and ecological nodes. Subsequently, the soil conservation capacity of ecological nodes is calculated based on the USLE model, and the relationship between it and topological indices is analyzed. It was shown that the degree, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and eigenvector centrality of forest nodes showed a positive linear correlation with their soil conservation capacity, and the clustering coefficient of grassland nodes showed a positive linear correlation with their soil conservation capacity. This study calculates habitat quality based on the Invest model. We propose a Integrated Soil Conservation and Habitat Quality Evaluation (ISHE) Model to determine the direction of network optimization and propose an optimization strategy. We analyze the network robustness and soil conservation capacity and find that the optimized network robustness and soil conservation capacity are significantly improved. This study provides strategies and methods to protect ecologically vulnerable areas, optimize the spatial distribution of vegetation, and enhance soil conservation capacity. In addition, this can provide a theoretical reference for planning national ecological projects. We use the ISHE model to filter out three types of nodes that need to be focused on optimization and propose different optimization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The associations between the number of COVID-19 cases/deaths and subsequent uptake of protective behaviors may reflect cognitive and behavioral responses to threat-relevant information. Applying protection motivation theory (PMT), this study explored whether the number of total COVID-19 cases/deaths and general anxiety were associated with cross-situational handwashing adherence and whether these associations were mediated by PMT-specific self-regulatory cognitions (threat appraisal: perceived vulnerability, perceived illness severity; coping appraisal: self-efficacy, response efficacy, response costs). The study (#NCT04367337) was conducted in March–September 2020 among 1256 adults residing in 14 countries. Self-reports on baseline general anxiety levels, handwashing adherence across 12 situations, and PMT-related constructs were collected using an online survey at two points in time, four weeks apart. Values of COVID-19 cases and deaths were retrieved twice for each country (one week prior to the individual data collection). Across countries and time, levels of adherence to handwashing guidelines were high. Path analysis indicated that smaller numbers of COVID-19 cases/deaths (Time 0; T0) were related to stronger self-efficacy (T1), which in turn was associated with higher handwashing adherence (T3). Lower general anxiety (T1) was related to better adherence (T3), with this effect mediated by higher response efficacy (T1, T3) and lower response cost (T3). However, higher general anxiety (T1) was related to better adherence via higher illness severity (T1, T3). General anxiety was unrelated to COVID-19 indicators. We found a complex pattern of associations between the numbers of COVID-19 cases/deaths, general anxiety, PMT variables, and handwashing adherence at the early stages of the pandemic. Higher general anxiety may enable threat appraisal (perceived illness severity), but it may hinder coping appraisal (response efficacy and response costs). The indicators of the trajectory of the pandemic (i.e., the smaller number of COVID-19 cases) may be indirectly associated with higher handwashing adherence via stronger self-efficacy. • The study investigates correlates of adherence to the CDC handwashing guidelines. • Smaller number of COVID-19 cases/deaths were indirectly related to better adherence. • Self-efficacy mediated associations between COVID-19 cases/deaths and handwashing. • Higher general anxiety was indirectly related to better adherence via illness severity. • Lower anxiety promoted better adherence via response costs and response efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Effect of processing units on polyphenols and antioxidant activity of carrot juices were investigated. [•] Polyphenols and antioxidant activity of carrot juices varied with different processes. [•] Polyphenols retain antioxidant activity after the processes, which have potential health benefits for consumers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]