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Vaccine Benefit-Risk (B-R) assessment consists of evaluating the benefits and risks of a vaccine and making a judgment whether the expected key benefits outweigh the potential key risks associated with its expected use. B-R supports regulatory and public health decision-making throughout the vaccine's lifecycle. In August 2021, the Brighton Collaboration's Benefit-Risk Assessment of VAccines by TechnolOgy (BRAVATO) Benefit-Risk Assessment Module working group was established to develop a standard module to support the planning, conduct and evaluation of structured B-R assessments for vaccines from different platforms, based on data from clinical trials, post-marketing studies and real-world evidence. It enables sharing of relevant information via value trees, effects tables and graphical depictions of B-R trade-offs. It is intended to support vaccine developers, funders, regulators and policy makers in high-, middle- or low-income countries to help inform decision-making and facilitate transparent communication concerning development, licensure, deployment and other lifecycle decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benefit-risk assessment (BRA) is critical for decision-making throughout the vaccine life cycle. It requires scientific assessment of evidence to make an informed judgment on whether the vaccine has a favourable benefit-risk profile i.e. the benefits of the vaccine outweigh its risks for use in its intended indication. The assessment must also consider data gaps and uncertainties, using sensitivity analyses to show the impact of these uncertainties in the assessment. The BRA field has advanced considerably over the past years, including the use of structured BRA frameworks, quantitative BRA models and use of the patient experience data. Analytical tools and procedures to standardize BRA implementation have become increasingly important. A Benefit-Risk Assessment Module has been prepared to enable the planning, assessment, and communication of relevant BRA information via a structured B-R framework. The module can help facilitate the conduct and communication of defensible BRAs by vaccine developers, funders, regulators and policy makers in high, middle or low-income countries, both for regulatory submissions and in public health responses to infectious diseases, including for epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The pilot plant of salt farm parallel solar power plant is verified for a year. • The system showed 93.4 % power generation compared to land installed PV system. • The main power loss of the system is 9.8 % by installation angle, 1.6 % and 4 % power loss by light loss. • A parallel salt farm system that can achieve the land equivalent ratio 2.13. In this research, we proposed a new concept for a solar system on a salt farm, where electricity and salt are produced simultaneously. In order to verify the concept, we installed a pilot system and demonstrated it for one year. We installed different types of PV modules for the system and tested the electrical properties, durability, and waterproofing of the modules. The electricity generation of the salt farm photovoltaic system is compared to land installed photovoltaic system for its feasibility. Also, computer simulation analyzed the installation angle, light loss, and cooling effect due to salt water and loss due to foreign substances. We found that the power generation by the year of the salt farm photovoltaic system is 9 percent less than that of a photovoltaic system installed on land. we also propose several methods in order to improve electricity generation by the salt farm photovoltaic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we focus on modules over a finite chain ring R of size q s. We compute the density of free modules of R n , where we separately treat the asymptotics in n , q and s. In particular, we focus on two cases: one where we fix the length of the module and one where we fix the rank of the module. In both cases, the density results can be bounded by the Andrews-Gordon identities. We also study the asymptotic behaviour of modules generated by random matrices over R. Since linear codes over R are submodules of R n we get direct implications for coding theory. For example, we show that random codes achieve the Gilbert-Varshamov bound with high probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Impact of flow promoters was elucidated through experiments and CFD simulations. • Same-sized 3D-printed flow promoters were tested in membrane distillation process. • Patterned module maintained sustained flux (up to VCF 2), 33% longer than spacer. • Patterned module showed enhanced resistant to scale formation on membrane surface. This study addresses the challenges of membrane distillation (MD), such as polarization effects, membrane scaling and fouling, and pore wetting, by introducing flow promoters (spacer, membrane module, and patterned membrane) to enhance MD performance. Utilizing 3D printing technology, we fabricated these flow promoters and employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to evaluate different pattern designs and predict their impact on MD membrane scaling formation. The simulation outcomes guided the selection of a square pattern for the flow promoter, which demonstrated promising results. While the spacer and patterned membrane exhibited dead zones that limited MD performance, the patterned module presented rapid flow velocity with minimal dead zones. Compared to the spacer, the patterned module maintained a constant flux until a volume concentration factor of 2.0, prolonging operation by 33 %. Observation also revealed reduced crystal attachment on the membrane surface when using the patterned module, suggesting effective prevention of scale formation. These findings underscore the importance of modulation studies, particularly highlighting the superior efficiency of the patterned module over other flow promoters. Therefore, this study advocates for modulation strategies, such as the patterned module, as optimized approaches to enhance MD performance by mitigating scaling formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Freshwater sediment microplastics (MPs) sample pretreatment method was established. • The established pretreatment method achieved MPs recovery of 88.9%. • A modular device is built based on the established protocol. • The device is highly reproducible with recovery of 80% and has a great potential. Microplastics (MPs) have been detected in various environmental matrices, drinking water, and food, and their presence is an ecological and human health concern. Most research on MPs has focused solely on their detection and analysis. However, sample pretreatment methods are critical for accurate MP analysis and must be properly established. In particular, freshwater sediment contains more impurities than other environment samples, thus requiring more elaborate sample pretreatment. Therefore, research on this media and corresponding pretreatment needs to be performed. Herein, we present a sample pretreatment method for analyzing MPs in freshwater sediments. Detailed factors in arriving at this pretreatment process were evaluated and discussed. Using this established pretreatment method, a total average recovery of six types of standard MPs (HDPE, LDPE, PS, PP, PET, and PVC) for sizes of ≥ 100 µm, 20–100 µm, and 1–20 µm was 94.0%, 90.2%, and 82.5%, respectively. After recovery validation, a modular pretreatment device was developed and combined with the established pretreatment method. The developed device performs density separation and organic matter removal, resulting in about 80% recovery of standard MPs. In addition, natural freshwater sediment samples were prepared using an established pretreatment method, and MPs in streams were analyzed using FTIR, TED-GC–MS, and Pyr-GC–MS. The device affords a low-cost, simple, efficient tool for sample pretreatment steps and easy MP recovery. Thus, it has great potential to simplify sample pretreatment steps for easy MP monitoring, especially for freshwater sediment samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MALTA silicon pixel detector combines a depleted monolithic active pixel sensor (DMAPS) with a fully asynchronous front-end and readout. It features a high granularity pixel matrix with a 36.4 μ m symmetric pixel pitch, low power consumption of < 1 μ W/pixel and low material budget with detector thicknesses as little as 50 μ m. It achieves a radiation hardness to 100MRad TID and more than 1 × 10E15 1 MeV n eq/cm 2 with a time resolution of < 2 ns (Pernegger et al., 2023). In order to cover large sensitive areas efficiently with a minimum of power and data connections the development of modules, comprising of up to 4 MALTA detectors, is studied. This contribution presents the beam test performance of parallel and serial powered MALTA 4-chip modules in an effort to characterize the sensor's chip-to-chip data and power transmission and prepare the production of a first prototype of an ultra-light weight 4-chip module on a flexible circuit with next generation MALTA2 sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Module performance based on novel Perovskite absorber configuration for solar cell. • Solar Module power profile with geographical location have been performed. • Organo-Halide perovskites may prove to be useful to achieve efficient solar cells. • Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are unique due to their low-cost synthesis and enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE). • Optimized parameters of different structural layers have been specified for improved device performance. A comprehensive study for design of higher energy conversion capacity of XSnI 3 (X-CH 3 NH 3) based perovskite solar cell has been carried out using solar cell capacitance simulator SCAPS-1D and the irradiation and temperature dependence of solar panel based on proposed ITO/ZnO/CdTe/CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 /CuSCN/Au configuration has been explored by PVsyst photovoltaic software Package. The insight and suitability of 'ZnO' as electron transport layer material (ETLM), CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 as perovskite absorber, CuSCN as hole transport layer material (HTLM) and CdTe as active buffer layer has been elaborated for efficient device performance. The structural design of the composition for a unit area was optimized by variation in thickness of absorber layer, temperature and defect densities at interfaces. The response of the device in perspective of carrier generation and recombination, defects and defect densities was thoroughly explored. The energy conversion efficiency (ECE) presented in this work for optimized parameters is observed to be 21.24% with V oc = 0.8149 V, J sc = 34.0535 mA/cm2 and FF = 76.57%. Investigations reveal that optimized thickness of perovskite absorber layer (∼4.72 µm) indicate the maximum extent for J sc , FF and percentage efficiency due to creation of additional electron-hole pairs at standard applied conditions. The simulated electrical parameters obtained from SCAPS-1D were used as an input in PVsyst software package for solar module consisting of 60 cells and dimensions (2.2 × 1.1) m. The panel performance in context of output power, incident irradiation and temperature has been calculated and the simulation results for a specific geographical location are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To support the current trend of testing bigger reversible Solid Oxide Cell (rSOC) modules, CEA has built the 120 kW DC Multistack platform. It was used to test SOLIDpower recently developed-Large Stack Module (LSM) in electrolysis mode. Results show high thermal performance of the LSM, with homogeneous temperature distribution and losses in the kilowatt range above 700 °C. A performance map was recorded between 712 and 744 °C over 22.4-to-29.6 kg h−1 steam flowrates using a fast control strategy to avoid endothermic operation. A peak power of 74 kW DC was converted into more than 50 kg day−1 of H 2 (35.5 kWh DC kgH 2 −1). In addition, fuel utilization of more than 90% and steam conversion above 80% were demonstrated at the module level. In the end, the modular design of the LSM seems well suited for system scale up, paving the way for mutualization of auxiliaries and CAPEX reduction. • CEA has built the Multistack platform to test rSOC modules of up to 120 kW DC. • SOLIDpower has developed the Large Stack Module integrating four G8X stack towers. • A peak power of 74 kW DC was converted into more than 50 kg day−1 of H 2. • Excellent thermal performances were recorded with losses in the kW range above 700 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Drug-nutrient interactions (DNIs) can negatively impact the medication use process and cause patient harm. Education in basic nutrition is often not included within pharmacy school curricula despite pharmacists needing to be proficient in identifying sources of potentially interacting nutrients. We evaluated the impact of an online education module about common DNIs and their sources on fourth-year student pharmacist knowledge, comfort with counseling, and perceived importance of DNIs. Methods: Fourth-year pharmacy students participating in their first community pharmacy advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) were incentivized to view an educational module developed by pharmacists and a dietitian. Pre- and post-assessments were given to determine the impact of the module on knowledge, comfort with counseling, and perceived importance of DNIs. An end-of-rotation assessment was administered to examine the use of module information during the APPE. Pre- and post-assessment responses were compared utilizing paired t -test analyses. Results: The pre- and post-module assessment results demonstrated statistically significant increases in knowledge, comfort, and perceived importance. Baseline knowledge scores increased from 65% to 80% and comfort increased for all included medication classes, most notably for bisphosphonates, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers. Perception of DNI importance increased across all classes. Students reported identifying DNIs at least weekly during the five-week APPE. Conclusions: An educational module about DNIs increased student knowledge, comfort with counseling, and perceived importance in fourth-year pharmacy students. Students reported encountering DNIs weekly during a community pharmacy rotation and found the module information useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existent algebraic models of the genetic code contribute to the understanding of the physio-chemical characteristics of the amino acids. However, the process of translating a gene into a phenotype is highly complex. Moreover, the intricacy of gene expression gets further multiplied due to the biases in the codon usage. This paper explores an algebraic structure called module on the set of codons as well as on that of RNA sequences. We study the potential implications of these structures on gene expression and the G C content of an RNA sequence. The base order { C , U , G , A } appears to possess greater biological significance than many of the orders previously studied. We have developed a novel algorithm to generate RNA sequences with high G C content, aiming to enhance the thermostability of biomolecules. The insights gained from this investigation may have applications in biomolecular modeling and docking, protein engineering, drug development, and related fields. • A module structure is constructed on genetic code and studied its implications. • Developed a novel algorithm to increase the G C content of RNA sequences. • This study may be utilized in computational protein engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce the concept of a residuated module over an arbitrary commutative complete integral residuated lattice as a residuated monoid together with natural module operation and its residuals. In this paper, we present a simple way of constructing such modules and we show that this construction has a very strong potential in their representation (in a certain sense). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Polymeric and laminated multilayer structure of current backsheets make them prone to failure. • Temperature cycling within normal module operating temperature will cause backsheets to fail. • New method for analyzing interlayer backsheet strains via TMA shows development of thermal stresses. • Novel polyamide-ionomer based backsheet shows promise via new materials and elimination of adhesives. Photovoltaic backsheet technology is utilized to protect the interior components of solar modules from environmental stress as well as provide electrical insulation to the module. The growing demand for solar energy and longer module service life requirements have brought backsheet performance into focus. Despite being a protective packaging material, many backsheets have exhibited failure in the field, limiting the performance and service life of entire modules. Most backsheets consist of multiple polymeric layers laminated together using adhesives. A new backsheet, with a high performance polyamide structure, has been developed as the solution to module failure. Primarily, it contains a unique polyamide-ionomer alloy targeted at improved weather resistance. In this research, several photovoltaic industry standard backsheets, and the novel polyamide compositions of multilayered backsheets fabricated from the coextrusion process, were examined using thermomechanical analysis (TMA). The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for entire backsheets and their constituent layers was used to model the thermomechanical behavior of various backsheet constructions. Subsequently, thermal cycling was performed in the TMA to examine the intrinsic thermal behavior of the backsheets. Thermal cycling in the TMA indicates the resilience and dimensional stability in the coextruded structures as opposed to the laminated structures. Lastly, results from a Module Accelerated Sequential Testing (MAST), are included to show the mechanical integrity of these backsheets after sequential exposure to stressors including damp heat, ultra-violet (UV) light radiation, and thermal cycling. The laminate backsheets deteriorated extensively after sequential exposure to these stressors, while the novel coextruded structures retained their physical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manufacture of ambient roll-to-roll (R2R) slot-die-coated organic photovoltaic (OPV) is the basis toward commercialization of OPV. The low-cost large-area encapsulation technique of stability improvement of flexible OPV module is under-investigated. The related reports on flexible encapsulation up-scaled from cell were limited. The present study develops an effective and easy encapsulation method and architecture design based on the inverted structure of ambient R2R slot-die-coated PET/ITO/ZnO/active layer/hole transport layer (HTL)/Ag. All module areas are greater than 48 cm2. The P3HT:PCBM and PV2000:PC 71 BM adopted as active layers have the performance conversion efficiencies of modules of 1–2.2% and 4.2%, respectively. The thermally-deposited MoO 3 and slot-die-coated PEDOT:PSS HTLs are used to compare the effect of HTL on T 80 lifetime of the large-area flexible R2R module under the accelerated test. The accelerated stability tests regarding to different encapsulation architectures, including damp-heat and light soaking stresses, were conducted. The intrinsic and extrinsic degradation effects are analyzed. We develop the simple encapsulation design effectively suppressing the lateral ingress of oxygen and moisture. The T 80 lifetime of P3HT:PCBM-based module can be improved to be 1500 h under the damp-heat test (65 °C/65% RH). The T 80 lifetime of PV2000:PC 71 BM-based module can last for 7000 h under the dark and ambient environment (30 °C/50 ± 20% RH). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted worldwide attention due to their high efficiency and low manufacturing cost. As the largest supplier of photovoltaic modules, China has made huge endeavors in the research on PSCs. In 2019, Chinese research groups were still holding the top position for paper publications in the world. Both the efficiency and the stability of the device have been steadily increasing, pushing forward the commercialization of PSCs step by step. This review summarizes the highlights of China's PSC research progress in 2019 and briefly introduces the development of PSC modules in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss the idea of complex phase synchronization in complex nonlinear structures with chaotic conduct. The CPHS combines two types of common synchronizations, which are phase synchronization and anti phase synchronization. A general scheme has been proposed to study the CPHS. Through this scheme, complex control functions are assigned to obtain effective CPHS. For example, we study the CPHS in regards pair chaotic complex Lü structures including incompletely evolving for nonlinear terms. Numerical figures are drawn to prove our plan's validity. The consequences of the CPHS are exploited in secure communications. The error function resulting from the definition of the CPHS was used as a key to retrieve the encrypted message. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon based Perovskite Solar cells (C–PSCs) have emerged as the most promising candidates for commercialisation in the field of perovskite photovoltaics, as they are highly stable, low cost and make use of easily scaled manufacturing techniques. However, the limited conductivity of the carbon electrode inhibits performance and represents a significant barrier to commercial application. Τhis work presents a scalable method for enhancing the carbon electrode conductivity through the integration of aluminium and copper grids into prefabricated C–PSCs. Adhered to the cells using an additional low temperature carbon ink, the metallic grids were found to dramatically reduce top electrode series resistance, leading to a large improvement in fill factor and efficiency. After grid integration, the 1 cm2 C–PSCs yielded power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.4% and 13% for copper and aluminium respectively, while standard C–PSCs obtained PCE of 11.3%. Performance is also significantly augmented in the case of larger-scale 11.7 cm2 modules, where PCEs went from 7.7% to 10% and 11% for aluminium and copper grids respectively. This technique offers a fast and low temperature route to high-performance, large-area C–PSCs and could therefore have serious potential for application to the high-volume manufacture of perovskite cells and modules. Image 1 • A simple and scalable method for improving the carbon electrode conductivity of C-PSCs by the integration of metallic grids. • A low temperature carbon ink was developed to act as conducting glue for grid placement. • The champion PCE of 1 cm2 C–PSCs is boosted from 11.3% to 13.4% by copper grid integration. • When grids applied to 11.7 cm2 modules, PCEs improved from 7.7% to 10% and 11% for aluminium and copper grids respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tokamak power system requires a high-voltage fast switch because of safety and reliability concerns. This switch can cut off a high-voltage power supply within a short time (usually in microseconds) during faults and system tests. Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) satisfy the fast-response requirement of the switch. Directly connecting multiple IGBTs in series is an essential procedure in high-voltage applications. However, voltage balance among IGBTs connected in series is very complex and difficult. No satisfactory method for addressing this issue is currently available. This paper presents a novel switch-circuit module that can operate easily as a modular-connecting high-voltage switch. The topology of the improved modular multilevel converter shows that the switch time is shorter and voltage adjustability is more advanced, respectively, than other switches. The module inhibits overvoltage when it is turned off, which occurs with increased voltage to a rated value by using a high-capacity capacitor. Two IGBTs in overvoltage module are turned on to balance the voltage when the switch is in conducting state. The operated mode increases the current-carrying capacity. A detailed analysis of the submodule is described in this paper. The test prototype is a 4 kV/50 A switch. Results show the excellent performance of the proposed submodule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• For a single cell, power losses becomes significant for cells wider than 5 mm. • A perovskite module require an active width of 4.9 mm and an interconnection of 500 μm. • The optimization of the carbon perovskite module requires higher conductive carbon. • There is manufacturing gain associated with higher conductivity carbon. The carbon based perovskite solar cell (C-PSC) has a strong commercial potential due its low manufacturing cost and its improved stability. A C-PSC consists of three mesoporous layers sandwiched between a Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate as bottom electrode and carbon as top electrode. However, the low conductivity of the two electrodes represents a real challenge when scaling from individual cells to modules. Here, 2D direct current simulation is used to investigate the influence of width of the active area on the performance of a single C-PSC. The same method is used to study the effect of the sub-cell's width, the interconnection's width and the contact resistance at the interconnection on the performance of a 10 sub-cells module connected in series. The intrinsic properties of the carbon cell are taken in account using experimental J SC and V OC as an input to the modelling. The carbon conductivity is found to be critical in defining the optimum geometry. For a 10 Ω/sq carbon sheet resistance, the optimum interconnection width is 500 μm and the sub cell width is 4.9 mm, leading to an optimum fill factor of 64%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We associate an adequate graph to any pair (V , W) where V is a graded module over a graded linear space W , in such a way that allows us to study the inner algebraic structure of (V , W). In particular, the homogeneous indecomposability, the homogeneous semisimplicity and the homogeneous simplicity of (V , W) are characterized in terms of this graph. Some applications to the theory of non-associative algebras and modules over algebras are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The SnO 2 films are fabricated by magnetron sputtering at room-temperature. • The PSC based on sputtered SnO 2 under Ar:O 2 = 2:3 show higher V oc and PCE. • The working gas ratio, film thickness, annealing temperature are discussed. • The PSC based on the sputtered SnO 2 ETL show a champion efficiency of 18.20%. • The PSMs (aperture area: 16.07 cm2) show an efficiency of 14.71%. Hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSC) have gained stupendous achievement in single/tandem solar cell, semitransparent solar cell and flexible devices. Aiming for potential commercialization of perovskite photovoltaic technology, up scalable processing is crucial for all function layers in PSC. Herein we present a study on room temperature magnetron sputtering of tin oxide electron transporting layer (ETL) and apply it in a large area PSC for low cost and continues manufacturing. The SnO 2 sputtering targets with varied oxygen and deposition models are used. Specifically, the working gas ratio of Ar/O 2 during the radio frequency sputtering process plays a crucial role to obtain optimized SnO 2 film. The sputtered SnO 2 films demonstrate similar morphological and crystalline properties, but significant varied defect states and carrier transportation roles in the PSC devices. With further modification of thickness of SnO 2 , the PSCs based on sputtered SnO 2 ETL shows a champion efficiency of 18.20% in small area and an efficiency of 14.71% in sub-module with an aperture area of 16.07 cm2, which is the highest efficiency of perovskite sub module with sputtered ETLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract For a nonnegative symmetric weakly irreducible tensor, its spectral radius is an eigenvalue of the tensor corresponding to a unique positive eigenvector called the Perron vector. But including the Perron vector, it may have more than one eigenvector corresponding to the spectral radius. The projective eigenvariety of the tensor associated with the spectral radius is the set of the eigenvectors of the tensor corresponding to the spectral radius considered in the complex projective space. In this paper we proved that such projective eigenvariety admits a module structure, which is determined by the support of the tensor and can be characterized explicitly by the Smith normal form of the incidence matrix of the tensor. We introduced two parameters: the stabilizing index and the stabilizing dimension of the tensor, where the former is exactly the cardinality of the projective eigenvariety and the latter is the composition length of the projective eigenvariety as a module. We give some upper bounds for the two parameters, and characterize the case that there is only one eigenvector of the tensor corresponding to the spectral radius, i.e. the Perron vector. By applying the above results to the adjacency tensor of a connected uniform hypergraph, we give some upper bounds for the two parameters in terms of the structural parameters of the hypergraph such as path cover number, matching number and the maximum length of paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This research introduces an unabridged two-dimensional mathematical model for H 2 recovery from an ammonia plant's purge stream through two-stage industrial polyimide hollow fiber (PIHF) membrane modules. According to validated results, the effect of operational and geometrical parameters beside flow patterns was investigated on H 2 recovery potential at first and second stages of PIHF membrane modules. H 2 recovery at first and second separation stages decreased from 5.887% to 4.82% and from 99.57% to 99.05%, respectively when the feed mass flow rate increased from 0.3847 to 0.5014 kg/s at constant pressure of 97.5 barg. However, a reverse trend between H 2 cumulation and feed pressure was observed at constant feed mass flow rate for each separation steps. As fiber length increased from 2 m to 3.06 m, the H 2 recovery percentage grew up at each of those separation stages at fixed operational conditions. Counter-current flow pattern showed higher H 2 recovery in comparison with co-current flow arrangement at the same operation conditions due to the higher partial pressure difference. Moreover, a concentration polarization index (CPI) was also described to demonstrate the scope of polarization. Evaluations depicted that CPI enhanced with increasing the feed pressure and serious concentration polarization arose at higher feed pressures. Highlights • CFD modeling of a two-stage H 2 separation process was performed based on industrial HF membranes. • The effect of operational parameters as well as module physical properties was considered. • Concentration polarization index increased by enhancing the feed pressure. • H 2 recovery percentage diminished by enhancing the feed mass flow rate. • Second stage of separation showed the best match point between industrial and simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We study some "almost preserver" problems on von Neumann algebra modules. More precisely, we study (1) maps which "almost preserve" the right or left annihilator; (2) the "almost band preservers" – that is, maps which "almost preserve corners", and (3) "almost centralizers," which almost preserve module actions. Under certain conditions, we show that maps of these types are automatically continuous, and can be approximated by maps which precisely preserve these relations; often, the operators from the latter class are multiplication operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Architecture of Thymus vulgaris is based on three levels of organization. • These include (i) the module, (ii) the branched complex and (iii) the whole plant. • Architectural variation underlies different "bush-like" and "shrub-like" growth forms. • Different growth forms are found in different open and closed habitats. • Architectural variation is potentially adaptive in small-bodied woody plants. Abstract There is a growing interest for methods in plant biology that summarize different plant growth forms and which can identify patterns of growth form variability at ecological scale in a global context. The use of detailed architectural descriptions can bring valuable information for understanding what developmental features underlie the transitions from one growth form to another. In this paper, we investigate the developmental attributes responsible for growth form variation in Thymus vulgaris and whether they are linked to habitat preference. We analysed architectural development in T. vulgaris from 12 populations in southern France, which includes two contrasting habitats of the species. Architectural development in T. vulgaris is based on three hierarchical levels of organization, which include the module, the branched complex and the whole plant. T. vulgaris is found as three different growth forms that can vary from basally branched to more apically branched growth forms. Differences in growth form result from variations in the sequential repetition of branched complexes and are also linked to the type of habitat. Individuals growing in hot, dry, rocky habitats are dominated by plants that display mostly a basally branched (basitonic) architecture – a potentially adaptive architectural trait for exploiting space in open woodland. Individuals growing in colder, more humid habitats that are dominated by tall grasses display mostly apically branched (mesotonic and acrotonic) architectures resulting in more elevated growth forms. The architectural method provides additional insight into how variations in form are developed in small-bodied woody plants such as Thymus. We found that reiteration processes are important for forming different organisational levels and variations in growth form. Architectural traits provide additional markers for ecological studies that wish to understand how living space is exploited by the whole plant. The study represents a promising approach for identifying whole plant traits at the community level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Yoga is known to contribute towards cardiovascular health. This paper describes the development of a need-based yoga program which is suitable to be integrated into the cardiac rehabilitation of post-myocardial infarction patients with left ventricular dysfunction.Materials and Methods: Based on the assessment of the need of the patients, literature review, and expert opinion, a yoga module was developed using the qualitative method of inquiry. The program included warm-up exercises, yogic asanas, pranayama, meditation and counseling sessions. A structured questionnaire eliciting comments on the contents was given independently to ten experts working in the field of health and yoga for validation. The final module was derived after incorporating the suggestions of the experts.Results: Using the raters' expertise in cardiology and yoga practice, the practices which constitute the module were optimized. Majority of the experts (raters) agreed with the duration of 1 h training for 1month under supervision as adequate for subsequent practice at home. There was a 0.786 inter-rater reliability estimated using the interclass coefficient (ICC) and 0.789 internal consistency of the questions, measured using Cronbach's alpha. Both values indicate "good" reliability and consistency of the yoga module.Conclusion: The developed yoga module was found to be acceptable. Future randomized control trials will be necessary to validate the effectiveness of this module and if the module demonstrates to be effective by clinical studies, it may add a therapeutic option in the rehabilitation of patients with heart failure following myocardial infarction, which can be applied in the hospitals and community level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Stacked BES with sleeve-type modules was developed to assess scale-up performance. • It achieved high azo dye decolorization extent at high loading rates. • The performance improved as the number of stackable modules increased. • Sequential removal of pollutants was achieved in each module. • Enriched microbial community contributed to electron transfer and decolorization. Abstract In this study, a novel, single-chamber bioelectrochemical system (BES) with stacked modules was developed to improve azo dye decolorization. The decolorization extent of BES with three modules (80.3 ± 3.1%) was about 15% and 33% higher than that with two modules (65.6 ± 4.5%) and one module (47.1 ± 3.9%) at an influent Acid Orange 7 (AO7) loading rate of 250 g m−3 d−1, demonstrating the feasibility of enhanced decolorization in scale-up BES through increasing the number of stacked modules. Moreover, the contribution of each module to dye decolorization, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) changes, showed the sequential utilization of pollutants in the stacked BES. Furthermore, analysis of the microbial communities showed that Pseudomonas , Geobacter , Comamonas , Meniscus , Bellilinea , Achromobacter , and Paludibacter were significantly enriched and resulted in the specific microbial community structures of the biocathode, meanwhile Geobacter and Acinetobacter were enriched in the microbial community of the bioanode, which mainly contributed to the electron transfer and/or azo dye decolorization. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of stacked BES for the accelerated deployment of large-scale BES applications for the treatment of refractory waste streams such as azo dye-bearing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • IL6 , CCL19 , EDN1 , ADCY9 and BCL2 were the hub up-regulated genes in network. • CCNB1 , PLK1 and CCNA2 were the hub down-regulated genes in PPI network. • E12 , NRSF and NRP1 were transcriptional factors targeting to the co-regulated genes. Abstract Objective This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gingiva epithelial cells responding to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis infections using bioinformatics method. Study design GSE9723 dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, and DEGs between the infected cells and controls were identified using unpaired t -test. Overlapping DEGs in responding to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis infections were extracted. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed and functional modules were isolated using Molecular Complex Detection algorithm. Key genes in protein-protein interaction network and Molecular Complex Detection modules were subjected to functional enrichment analyses. In addition, the transcriptional factors were predicted. Results A total of 533 co-up-regulated and 202 co-down-regulated genes were identified. The up-regulated genes, including IL6 , CCL19 , EDN1 , ADCY9 , and BCL2 and the down-regulated genes, including CCNB1 , PLK1 , and CCNA2 were the key genes in the protein-protein interaction network and modules. They were intensively enriched in chemokine signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway and cell cycle. Finally, two transcriptional factors, E12 and NRSF, targeting to the up-regulated genes and one transcriptional factor, NRP1, targeting the down-regulated genes, were predicted. Conclusions CCNB1 , PLK1 , and CCNA2 might play important roles in the response of host epithelial cells to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intense illumination treatments on silicon heterojunction cells (SHJ) have recently gained interest to improve the final cell efficiency and are now being implemented into cell manufacturing tools. However, additional efforts are still required to clarify the robustness of such approach. Indeed, it has been reported that the positive effects of the intense illumination treatments applied to cells may be partly lost during module assembly. Therefore, in order to circumvent these potential issues, we reveal herein a broad investigation on the interest of intense illumination treatments directly at module level, using an experimental lab tool provided by Applied Materials, Baccini (Italy). Efficiency gains up to +0.3 % abs have been achieved within a treatment process time compatible with industry requirements. The gains remained stable for two months after a slight decrease during the first days (−0.05 % abs). Moreover, the reliability tests against UV, thermal cycling and damp heat did not reveal any detrimental influence of the post-treatments applied to the modules, further highlighting the fast illumination post-treatment as promising candidate for the next generation of high technologically advanced photovoltaic modules manufacturing production lines. • Post-treatments on modules with a LED-based post-treatment prototype has been studied. • + 0.3 % abs. efficiency gain is achieved on modules within industry-compatible timeframes, against +0.5 % abs on sister sells (difference are discussed). • The gain is shown to be mostly (75%) stable after a slight initial destabilization. • No warning is reported on the reliability of the treated minimodules • Other beneficial side effects of the post-treatment are illustrated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper,the traditional Sobel edge detection algorithm for the calculation of the gradient of less template and the multiplication operation is time-consuming, resulting in complex image edge detection is not clear and the slow processing speed,this paper puts forward a method to increase the gradient template and change the way the new multiplication gradient. Sobel edge detection algorithm the new gradient calculation method based on the FPGA technology, parallel processing capability and high reliability, flexibility and reconfigurability of good features using the FPGA chip to complete the design of improved Sobel edge detection algorithm, to solve the traditional Sobel algorithm is not clear enough and algorithm processing speed problem for complex image edge detection. This design uses Verilog HDL language to design and implement each module.The Quartus II 8.0 software is used to simulate the model and download it to the DE2 development board with Altera EP2C35F672C6 as the target chip, and finally achieves the design requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Liver fibrosis, characterized with the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, represents the final common pathway of chronic liver inflammation. Ever-increasing evidence indicates microRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation has important implications in the different stages of liver fibrosis. However, our knowledge of miRNA-gene regulation details pertaining to such disease remains unclear. Methods The publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets of patients suffered from cirrhosis were extracted for integrated analysis. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R web tool. Putative target gene prediction of DEMs was carried out using the intersection of five major algorithms: DIANA-microT, TargetScan, miRanda, PICTAR5 and miRWalk. Functional miRNA-gene regulatory network (FMGRN) was constructed based on the computational target predictions at the sequence level and the inverse expression relationships between DEMs and DEGs. DAVID web server was selected to perform KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Functional miRNA-gene regulatory module was generated based on the biological interpretation. Internal connections among genes in liver fibrosis-related module were determined using String database. MiRNA-gene regulatory modules related to liver fibrosis were experimentally verified in recombinant human TGFβ1 stimulated and specific miRNA inhibitor treated LX-2 cells. Results We totally identified 85 and 923 dysregulated miRNAs and genes in liver cirrhosis biopsy samples compared to their normal controls. All evident miRNA–gene pairs were identified and assembled into FMGRN which consisted of 990 regulations between 51 miRNAs and 275 genes, forming two big sub-networks that were defined as down-network and up-network, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that up-network was prominently involved in several KEGG pathways, in which “Focal adhesion”, “PI3K-Akt signaling pathway” and “ECM-receptor interaction” were remarked significant (adjusted p < 0.001). Genes enriched in these pathways coupled with their regulatory miRNAs formed a functional miRNA-gene regulatory module that contains 7 miRNAs, 22 genes and 42 miRNA-gene connections. Gene interaction analysis based on String database revealed that 8 out of 22 genes were highly clustered. Finally, we experimentally confirmed a functional regulatory module containing 5 miRNAs (miR-130b-3p, miR-148a-3p, miR-345-5p, miR-378a-3p, and miR-422a) and 6 genes ( COL6A1 , COL6A2 , COL6A3 , PIK3R3 , COL1A1 , CCND2 ) associated with liver fibrosis. Conclusions Our integrated analysis of miRNA and gene expression profiles highlighted a functional miRNA-gene regulatory module associated with liver fibrosis, which, to some extent, may provide important clues to better understand the underlying pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a tournament T , a module of T is a subset X of V ( T ) such that for x , y ∈ X and v ∈ V ( T ) ∖ X , ( x , v ) ∈ A ( T ) if and only if ( y , v ) ∈ A ( T ) . The trivial modules of T are ∅ , { u } ( u ∈ V ( T ) ) and V ( T ) . The tournament T is indecomposable if all its modules are trivial; otherwise it is decomposable. The decomposability index of T , denoted by δ ( T ) , is the smallest number of arcs of T that must be reversed to make T indecomposable. For n ≥ 5 , let δ ( n ) be the maximum of δ ( T ) over the tournaments T with n vertices. We prove that n + 1 4 ≤ δ ( n ) ≤ n − 1 3 and that the lower bound is reached by the transitive tournaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to energy is essential to reduce poverty. Globally, around 1.2 billion people, about 16% of the global population, still do not have access to electricity. Knowing that photovoltaic (PV) energy already lengthily showed its evidence in terms of operation and reliability, its development observed an improvement of technologies in terms of solar energy transformation output by the semiconductor, and the research in this field does not cease to progress. However, reliability and availability study of PV systems have not been received great attention from researchers, for that we decided to give it a consideration in our research works. So, we seek to study the reliability of such system by using functional and dysfunctional analysis methods. In this paper, we will be interested in the two parts of PV system: “PV module” composed by Silicon cells, and “the converter” which is the expensive component and the most complex in a PV system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modeling framework and simulation program DELPHIN 6 for heat and mass transport in porous media is implemented as set of modules for balance equations, transport functions, sources and sinks, boundary and contact conditions. The article starts with an overview of the software architecture, modeling assumptions and numerical considerations. Then, the extension of the framework towards salt transport is presented from the perspective of a physical modeler without in-depth numerical programming experience. It will be shown, that the current modeling framework is sufficient to enable researchers and modelers to make extensions without investing excessive time on core solver and data structure development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CHA zeolite membranes have been successfully synthesized on thin yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) hollow fiber (HF) substrates by secondary growth method. Prior to membrane synthesis, the outer surface of YSZ hollow fibers were planted with ball-milled submicron CHA zeolite seeds. Extensive investigations on batch-scale preparation of CHA zeolite membranes were carried out in terms of seeding method. Uniform and continuous seed layers were achieved by vacuum seeding with the addition of colloidal silica in seed suspension, which resulted in high reproducibility HF CHA zeolite membranes at crystallization temperature of 160 °C for 20 h. The membranes showed average water permeation flux of ca. 8.0 kg m −2 h −1 with separation factor of ca. 2500 in 90 wt% ethanol/water mixture at 75 °C. A HF CHA zeolite membrane module was fabricated for multi-cycle dehydration of iso-propanol/water mixture and acetic acid/isopropanol/water mixtures at 75 °C with high stability for over 100 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, authors developed an innovative packaging for a power inverter SiC MOSFET-Schottky. The design, composed by 6 SiC-MOSFET and 6 SiC-Schottky diodes, places dice between 2 direct-bonding-copper substrates, it was optimized to equilibrate thermal repartition on the two DBC surfaces. We purpose to increase thermal dissipation of power modules by the use of two water-cooling blocks disposed on top and on the bottom of our power inverter; it permits to use both sides of power module to dissipate heat flux. According to Finite Element Method simulations performed with ANSYS®, double side cooling permits to enhance by up to two times thermal dissipation. Moreover solders are replaced by silver sintering and wire-bonds are suppressed by top substrate connections. We want to highlight that those improvements participates to increase reliability of power modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A humidity resistant and versatile fabrication method for the production of very high quality, organic-inorganic perovskite films, solar cells and solar modules is presented. By using ethyl acetate as an anti-solvent during deposition, perovskite solar cells with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 15% were fabricated in a 75% relative humidity (RH) environment. Ethyl acetate acts as a moisture absorber during spin-coating, protecting sensitive perovskite intermediate phases from airborne water during film formation and annealing. We have demonstrated the manufacture of 50 mm × 50 mm series interconnected modules with PCEs in excess of 10% for 13.5 cm 2 devices processed in air at 75%RH and 11.8% at 50%RH. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the highest efficiency for perovskite solar modules processed under high humidity ambient conditions. This new deposition protocol allows for low-cost, efficient and consistent device fabrication in humid climates and uncontrolled laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When dealing with building integrated photovoltaics aesthetical aspects have to be considered. In particular for façade integrated modules with crystalline Silicon (c-Si) solar cells alternative colors are demanded. In this paper an approach for tuning the color of standard c-Si solar cells is presented relying on plasmonic coloring. Metallic (Ag) nano-particles with a diameter of around 100 nm were created on the surface of standard c-Si solar cells. At those nano-particles plasmonic scattering at around 450 to 550 nm causes a color change from blue to green. The green color is resulting from plasmonic scattering and it is found to be insensitive to the angle of observation. A performance analysis of the c-Si cells before and after coating shows that the power of the cells is decreased by less than 10% when applying the plasmonic coating. A first test module comprising of plasmonic-green c-Si cells was carefully characterized and mounted at a test façade for building integrated modules in order to generate data in the targeted field of application. First results of the test module demonstrate that plasmonic coloring is a feasible approach to tune the color of standard c-Si solar cells for being applied in building integrated photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, certified lab scale organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells reach efficiencies of more than 12% and life times of 10 years. For commercialization, it is necessary to understand which performance can be reached in fully printed large scale products. Our investigations show that large area, semi-transparent organic photovoltaic modules based on industrially available materials can achieve power conversion efficiencies of more than 4.8% on rigid substrates and 4.3% on flexible ones. The modules processed with a combination of large area coating and laser patterning with an active area of 68.76 cm 2 for flexible modules and a total area of 197.4 cm 2 for glass modules offer exceptionally high geometric fill factors of more than 94% and a transparency of more than 10%. The processing recipe and the layout of the modules are based on indications of optical and electrical simulations which allow to produce devices with only negligible losses in comparison to small single cell devices. Losses due to imperfect coating or patterning are identified by thermal imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic (PV) modules convert a small portion of solar radiation into electrical energy and convert the rest into heat. As a result, the temperature of these modules is increased and their electrical efficiency is degraded. In this study, the effects of various operating parameters, such as solar cell temperature, irradiation intensity, mass flow rate of cooling water, humidity, and dust, on the output performance of a PV module are investigated under outdoor operating conditions. A finned tube is placed at the bottom of the PV module for cooling. Results show that the electrical efficiency of the module decreases by 5.82% as solar cell temperature increases by 26.10 °C. The electrical efficiency also decreases by approximately 0.22% as the temperature of the PV module increases by 1 °C. As irradiation intensity increases by 100 W/m 2 , the solar cell temperature increases by 3.82 °C and the output power increases by 3.14 W, but the efficiency decreases by 0.85%. In summary, solar cell temperature, solar irradiation intensity, mass flow rate of cooling fluids, humidity, and dust significantly affect the performance of PV modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MALTA pixel chip is a 2 cm × 2 cm large monolithic pixel detector developed in the Tower 180 nm imaging process. The chip contains four CMOS transceiver blocks at its sides which allow chip-to-chip data transfer. The power pads are located mainly at the side edges on the chip which allows for chip-to-chip power transmission. The MALTA chip has been used to study module assembly using different interconnection techniques to transmit data and power from chip to chip and to minimize the overall material budget. Several 2-chip and 4-chip modules have been assembled using standard wire bonding, ACF (Anisotropic Conductive Films) and laser reflow interconnection techniques. These proceedings will summarize the experience with the different interconnection techniques and performance tests of MALTA modules with 2 and 4 chips tested in a cosmic muon telescope. They will also show first results on the effect of serial power tests on chip performance as well as the impact of the different interconnection techniques and the results of mechanical tests. Finally, a conceptual study for a flex based ultra-light weight monolithic pixel module based on the MALTA chip with minimum interconnections is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to monitor health usually, the wearable type smart band module to measure the physiological signals from human body was designed, fabricated and characterized. Smart band module largely consisted of two parts, one was flexible sensors module and the other one was signal processing and communication module. And then two modules were interconnected with Cu wires. Finally, flexible temperature sensor of the fabricated smart band module was tested at the surfaces of ice pack, desk, and hot plate with temperature in the range of 4.5 ∼ 74.1̊C including skin temperature around 30 ∼ 33 ̊C. And GSR data were measured at the skin with high sensitivity and normal atmosphere to compare. Measured data from sensors were signally processed and transmitted using via Bluetooth 4.0 wireless network, so we could display successfully those data using software on the lab-top computer. In the near future, conductive yarns will be used for the interconnections instead of general Cu wires and we are going to measure the emotion change from physiological signals from human body during usual life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This paper aimed to investigate ego modules for TGFβ3-induced chondrogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using ego network algorithm. Methods The ego network algorithm comprised three parts, extracting differential expression network (DEN) based on gene expression data and protein-protein interaction (PPI) data; exploring ego genes by reweighting DEN; and searching ego modules by ego gene expansions. Subsequently, permutation test was carried out to evaluate the statistical significance of the ego modules. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis was conducted to investigate ego pathways enriched by the ego modules. Results A total of 15 ego genes were obtained from the DEN, such as PSMA4 , HNRNPM and WDR77 . Starting with each ego genes, 15 candidate modules were gained. When setting the thresholds of the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) ≥0.9 and gene size ≥4, three ego modules (Module 3, Module 8 and Module 14) were identified, and all of them had statistical significances between normal and TGFβ3-induced chondrogenesis in MSCs. By mapping module genes to confirmed pathway database, their ego pathways were detected, Cdc20:Phospho-APC/C mediated degradation of Cyclin A for Module 3, Mitotic G1-G1/S phases for Module 8, and mRNA Splicing for Module 14. Conclusions We have successfully identified three ego modules, evaluated their statistical significances and investigated their functional enriched ego pathways. The findings might provide potential biomarkers and give great insights to reveal molecular mechanism underlying this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green chemistry process, long-distance and dynamic low-temperature (LDDLT) H 2 O plasma, was developed to modify PE hollow fiber membranes in a module scale using our modified LDDLT plasma setup. The modification degree of LDDLT-H 2 O plasma was 2 times greater than that of Ar plasma, but the effective treatment distance achieved by LDDLT-Ar plasma was about two times of that obtained by LDDLT-H 2 O plasma (22 cm). Under the suitable conditions, the effective treatment distance can reach over 54 cm after LDDLT-H 2 O plasma treatment from the double inlets, closed to some industrial module sizes. The improvement in surface hydrophilicity was because of the introduction of numerous oxygen-containing groups. High concentrations of OH radicals in H 2 O plasma played a major role in the membrane surface hydroxylation. This directly resulted in a great enhancement in the pure water flux. It increased from about 6 L m −2 h −1 to 45 L m −2 h −1 after treatment. Also, the H 2 O plasma-treated membrane module exhibited good hydrophilic stability during 285 days storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oligosaccharide-producing multifunctional amylase (OPMA-N) has both hydrolytic and transglycosyl activities. Our previous reports demonstrated that the function and catalytic versatility of OPMA-N is closely related to its oligomerization, and its oligomeric state is affected by several conserved residues, such as Trp358, and by the cooperation of its small, noncatalytic N-terminal module and the catalytic module. We have demonstrated that the residue Trp358 exposed on the surface of OPMA-N molecule and has an obvious impact on OPMA-N oligomerization mainly by the charge effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of module recombination on the functional integration of OPMA-N. A series of module recombinants of the N-terminal and catalytic modules revealed that the intramolecular, semi-intramolecular and semi-intermolecular interactions of the N-terminal module with two or more catalytic modules enhanced the substrate affinity of the catalytic modules and facilitated the transglycosyl activity and functional integration of the enzyme by mediating positive cooperativity between the catalytic modules. Free N-terminal module alone did not contribute to these effects. Based on the results of this study, we speculated that the substrate affinity, but not the maximal catalytic activity, was the primary driving force in the natural evolution of enzymes, and that molecules of natural or modular enzymes may have occupied some evolutionary spaces that could be expanded or exhumed through module recombination to increase their overall catalytic efficacies or eventual catalytic efficiencies. All of the results in this study could be applied to integration of enzyme function and for creation of novel enzymes. Additionally, our results may provide important insights into the evolution of enzymes or organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Categorical aspects of the theory of modules over trusses are studied. Tensor product of modules over trusses is defined and its existence established. In particular, it is shown that bimodules over trusses form a monoidal category. Truss versions of the Eilenberg-Watts theorem and Morita equivalence are formulated. Projective and small-projective modules over trusses are defined and their properties studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compatibility between craftsmanship and industrial product design is an important axis of modern design development. This research seeks to integrate the craft process and industrial product design methodology to achieve mass production while maintaining characteristics of traditional craftsmanship. This study constructs an operational model to formulate appropriate strategies, present two craft cases, and utilize the triangulation method to explore synergistic effects between craft process and industrial product design. The conclusions reveal that craft materials, modules, innovation, and living technology are four key design features of the modern craft model. Moreover, this study proposes a new craft development model which applies the module concept to determine feasible market strategies that can be implemented to bridge the gap between craft and product design processes. Importantly, this study also draws upon theories and models proposed by previous researchers to explain how modern craftsmanship can be leveraged to establish market niches for mass-produced products. The concept of modern crafts facilitates cross-domain collaboration and integration, contributes to the field of traditional crafts and product design, and creates niche markets for traditional craft products. This novel approach can therefore be leveraged to advance the development of sustainable design, innovative material use, product recycling, innovative design concepts, and human-friendly design. • How to integrate the craft process and industrial product design methodology? • A conceptual framework for achieving modern craft design is developed. • Conceptual recombination mixed with traditional materials is a driver of innovation. • Focus on sustainable design, innovative material use, and human-friendly design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Gene co-expression network was constructed in the whole life cycle of A. aurita. • Strong correlation module for each developmental stage was investigated. • Hub genes in each developmental stage were identified. The typical life cycle of the moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) includes the planula, polyp, strobila, ephyra, and medusa developmental stages. These stages exhibit huge differences in both external morphology and internal physiological functions. However, the gene co-expression network involved in these post-embryonic developmental processes has not been studied yet. Here, based on 15 RNA sequencing samples covering all five stages of the A. aurita life cycle, we systematically analyzed the gene co-expression network and obtained 35 relevant modules. Furthermore, we identified the highly correlated modules and hub genes for each stage. These hub genes are implicated to play important roles in the developmental processes of A. aurita , which should help improve our understanding of the jellyfish life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a tournament T , a module of T is a subset M of V (T) such that for x , y ∈ M and v ∈ V (T) ∖ M , (x , v) ∈ A (T) if and only if (y , v) ∈ A (T). The trivial modules of T are ∅, { u } (u ∈ V (T)) and V (T). The tournament T is indecomposable if all its modules are trivial; otherwise it is decomposable. The decomposability index of T , denoted by δ (T) , is the smallest number of arcs of T that must be reversed to make T indecomposable. In this paper, we characterize the tournaments T with δ -maximal decomposability, i.e., such that δ (T) is maximum among the tournaments with | V (T) | vertices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a printed circuit board Rogowski coil for monitoring of current and protection of high-voltage power modules and packages. It is small, thin, and inexpensive current sensor and is almost the ideal Rogowski coil because of its fishbone pattern. For noise reduction under high-voltage/-current conditions in a module, shield layers and coaxial connector are employed. In addition, a new, fast simulation tool was developed to optimize the main coil pattern for realization of arbitrary printed circuit board geometry in specific, limited spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]