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LiFePO 4 modified by N-doped graphene (NG) with a three-dimensional conductive network structure was synthesized via a one-step in situ hydrothermal method. The effects of N amount of NG on the phase structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of LiFePO 4 are investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that doping suitable N amounts in NG do not alter the crystal structure of LiFePO 4, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that NG can slightly reduce the particle size of LiFePO 4. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results show that the LiFePO 4 particles are well covered and connected by NG. The electrochemical performance confirms that LiFePO 4 modified by 20% N-doped graphene (named LFP/NG-4) displays a perfect specific capacity of 166.6 mAh·g−1 at a rate of 0.2C and can reach 125 mAh·g−1 at a rate of 5 C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results illustrate that the charge transfer resistance value of the LFP/NG-4 composite is only 58.6 Ω, which is very low compared with LiFePO 4. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests indicate that the addition of 20% N-doped graphene can effectively reduce electrode polarization and improve reversibility. The LFP/NG-4 composite with a three-dimensional conductive network structure can be regarded as a promising cathode material for Li-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of leflunomide (LEF) and glucocorticoids (GCs) combination therapy compared with GCs monotherapy in preventing relapse of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). A 12-month, randomized, open-label, controlled trial was conducted at a large academic medical center (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02703194). Enrolled patients with active IgG4-RD were randomly allocated to the GCs + LEF (20 mg/day) combination therapy or GCs monotherapy group. All patients received GCs with a predefined taper regimen starting from a dosage of 0.5–0.8 mg/kg/d. The primary outcome was the time to relapse. The secondary outcomes included complete response, remission, GCs dosage, and serum IgG4 level. Sixty-six patients with active IgG4-RD were enrolled (33 patients in each group). The demographic and disease characteristics showed no statistically significant differences between groups. Additionally, the initial GCs dosages were similar (50.00 vs. 50.00 mg/day, P = 0.295). Disease relapses occurred in 6 (18.2%) and 14 (42.4%) patients in the combination therapy group and GCs monotherapy group, respectively (P = 0.032). The combination therapy was significantly superior to GCs monotherapy regarding the primary outcome, the time to relapse (HR, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13–0.90; P = 0.023), as well as the secondary outcome, the time to complete response (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.01–3.02; P = 0.034). A longer duration of remission was observed in the combination therapy group (7.00 vs. 3.00 months, P = 0.002) and less cumulative dosage of GCs was used (5103.13 vs. 5637.50 mg, P = 0.031). Additionally, a higher proportion of patients in the combination therapy group (54.5%) were able to reach a daily GCs dose of ≤5 mg/day compared with the GCs monotherapy group (18.2%) (P = 0.006). The incidences of adverse events were similar in the 2 groups (P = 0.325). LEF in combination with GCs therapy is well-tolerated and significantly superior to GCs monotherapy in preventing the relapse of IgG4-RD. LEF can be used as a steroid-sparing agent in the management of IgG4-RD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The combination of dye or quantum dots sensitized solar cell and electrochromic device has led to the realization of the photoelectrochromic device (PECD). In this study, a PECD consisted of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) sensitized photoanode, poly(3,4-(2,2-dimethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene) (PProDOT-Me 2) electrochromic film, Br-/Br 3 - with Li+ as electrolyte was fabricated, and it shows advantages of highly transparency for bleached state when compared with conventional photoelectrochromic device. As a PECD, it exhibits a reversible optical modulation under constant illumination (100 mW cm−2) by simply altering its circuit states between on and off. A high optical window of 54.6% with coloration time of 4.9 s, and bleaching time of 5.2 s was achieved at 580 nm. Additionally, stable switching for transmittance modulation after 400 cycles demonstrates its good cycle durability, exhibiting great potential in developing energy-saving applications. Graphical abstract Photoelectrochromic device based on carbon quantum dots was fabricated, achieving high optical window of 54.6% at 580 nm. fx1 Highlights • Photoelectrochromic device based on carbon quantum dots sensitized photoanode was fabricated. • Highly transparency of bleached states when compared with conventional PECD. • A high optical window of 54.6% with fast switching time could be achieved. • The optical modulation remaining stable after 400 cycles reveals good stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A downscaling method to modify ESV by introducing LER was proposed. • Changes in LER and ESV in Nanjing City were consistent from 2000 to 2020. • Ecological restoration programs partially offset the impact of urbanization on ESV. • Water body dominated the ESV and had an important impact on change in ESV. • Proposed method will be valuable for sustainable ecosystem management. The scientific assessment of ecosystem service value (ESV) and landscape ecological risk (LER) is important for ecological security and sustainable development. However, existing studies often separate ESV and LER for a single evaluation, and the single evaluation is limited in guiding ecological conservation. Therefore, proposing an evaluation framework that integrates ESV and LER is urgent. Taking Nanjing City as an example, this study evaluated LER based on the risk evaluation cell and introduced it into ESV evaluation. Then, the influence of land use/land cover change on LER and ESV from 2000 to 2020 was analyzed. The results showed that built-up land and water body/wetland increased by 881.96 km2 and 41.41 km2, and farmland and forest land decreased by 875.46 km2 and 55.83 km2 from 2000 to 2020. The LER was low in the middle and high in the north and south. From 2000 to 2010, the LER increased from 0.67 to 0.68, and it then decreased to 0.61 in 2020. Medium-low risk regions decreased during 2000–2010, and low-risk regions increased and medium-high risk regions decreased during 2010–2020. The ESV increased by 0.77 billion United States dollars (USD) during 2000–2010 but decreased by 0.40 billion USD during 2010–2020. Under the impact of LER, the ESV per unit area of the farmland, forest land, and water body decreased during 2000–2020. The ESV of the water body dominated the total ESV and had an important influence on the change in total ESV. The ESV in Nanjing City during 2000–2020 mainly showed High-High autocorrelation and a few Low-High autocorrelations. Ecological restoration programs increased ESV during 2000–2010, but rapid urbanization reduced ESV during 2010–2020. Integrating social, economic, and ecological resources is necessary to realize the coordinated development of the economy and ecology. The results can provide an important reference for landscape planning and ecosystem management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eu ions doped WO 3 (Eu-WO 3 ) film is demonstrated to possess electrochromic switching and tunable red emission. The effect of pH on structure, morphology, electrochromic and photoluminescent performances of Eu-WO 3 film, prepared by hydrothermal method, has been systematically investigated for the first time in this work. We found that as pH increases, a new phase of monoclinic W 17 O 47 crystal and an open porous morphology appear. Electrochromic and photoluminescent properties of Eu-WO 3 film could be modulated by tuning pH. On one hand, Eu-WO 3 film achieves the maximum transmission modulation of 70.1% and high coloration efficiency of about 55.95 cm 2  C −1 (680 nm) at pH 2.2. On the other hand, red emission of Eu-WO 3 film is tunable as a response to external potential and its intensity is proved to be enhanced by increasing pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel composite CdSe quantum dots (QDs)-polymer film achieving tri-function of electrochromic, electrofluorescent and light-induced coloration effects was deposited. Combining the advantages of both CdSe QDs and conjugated electrochromic polymers, the composite film presents excellent electrochromic properties with low redox potential, high optical contrast and fast response time. In addition, it achieves enhanced performance that the composite film could switch between non-fluorescent and fluorescent state, in which the photoluminescence (PL) intensity is more than twice that of pristine polymer film. Furthermore, the material can gradually become self-colored from bleached state under the irradiation of sunlight. Therefore, the trifunctional composite film may pave a new way for designing energy-saving electrochromic and electrofluorescent device in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To discuss the utility of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) in the diagnosis of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (iRPF). Methods IRPF patients diagnosed between September 2011 and June 2016 were included. Retroperitoneal malignancy patients were included as control. The morphological features and FDG uptake of retroperitoneal lesions were measured along with lymph node (LN) mapping. Results Seventy-one iRPF patients were included. Fifteen lymphoma patients and 6 retroperitoneal metastatic malignancy patients were included as control. Significant differences in morphological features were observed between iRPF and lymphoma but not retroperitoneal metastatic carcinoma. Compared with malignancy, iRPF displayed a lower frequency of high-FDG-uptake retroperitoneal lesions ( P = 0.017) and a lower mean maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max ) ( P < 0.001). LNs located at axillary, retroperitoneal, supraclavicular, inguinal or peritoneal sites were more frequently observed in retroperitoneal malignancy, therefore, were defined as specific LNs. The area under the curve (AUC) for SUV max was 0.893 with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 80.3%, when the cut-off value of the SUV max was 6.23. The AUC for the logistic regression model combining the lesions above renal arteries, the SUV max and the number of specific LNs was 0.987 with a sensitivity of 90.5% and a specificity of 98.6%. The risk stratification model analysis indicated that most of the retroperitoneal malignancy patients were at moderate or high level, while most of the iRPF patients were at low risk. Conclusions Retroperitoneal malignancy can mimic iRPF morphologically. 18 F-FDG PET/CT can help to distinguish iRPF from retroperitoneal lymphoma and metastatic malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family resilience plays a crucial role in protecting the mental health and family stability of infertile patients. However, information associated with infertile families resilience is scarce. The double ABC-X model provides a roadmap for this, helps organize knowledge, and lays the foundation for knowledge development. To describe the current situation of family resilience of infertile women, and to test the predictive theoretical model of family resilience based on infertility stigma, individual resilience, coping style, and posttraumatic growth. A cross-sectional study. A convenience sample of 372 infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization were recruited between April and August 2020. The Chinese-Family Resilience Assessment Scale, Infertility Stigma Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Chinese version of Post Traumatic Growth Inventory were used to measure family resilience, infertility stigma, individual resilience, coping style, and posttraumatic growth. Structural equation models were used to analyze the relationship among these variables. The results showed that family resilience was related to infertility stigma, positive coping, and individual resilience. Moreover, the path analysis indicated that positive coping and individual resilience mediated the effects of infertility stigma on family resilience. A high level of stigma among infertile women should be identified. Interventions for targeting positive coping and individual resilience might ultimately increase their family resilience. • Family resilience could protect mental health and family stability. • This study fills the gap of infertile women's family resilience. • The double ABC-X model lays a theoretical foundation for studying family resilience. • Infertility stigma acts as a risk factor for family resilience. • Individual resilience and positive coping were linked to family resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel oxide (NiO) has great application prospects as a counter electrode in electrochromic devices, such as smart windows and displays. However, the cycle stability and electrochromic properties of pure NiO films are rather poor in lithium ion based non-aqueous electrolyte. To improve these properties, Li–Ti co-doped NiO films were prepared by sol–gel spin coating technique. Compared with undoped NiO films, Li and Ti doping deteriorate the symmetry of NiO cubic phase, increase lattice disorder and change the valence state of nickel in the films. The investigations of NiO-based films in LiClO 4 /PC electrolyte reveal enhancement of electrochromic properties and cycle stability with Li–Ti co-doping. Finally, electrochromic devices assembled with poly(3,4-(2,2-dimethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene) and Li–Ti–NiO films exhibit rapid color change within 1 s, excellent optical variation for about 56% at 580 nm and high stability up to 1,000,000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behaviors in α + β -phase temperature range of Ti–6Al–4V alloy, a series of isothermal compression tests with a fixed height reduction of 60% were performed in the temperature range of 1023–1323 K and the strain rate range of 0.01–10 s −1 on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator. According to the strain hardening rate curves ( dσ / dε versus σ ), two characteristic parameters involving the critical strain for DRX initiation ( ɛ c ) and the strain for peak stress ( ɛ p ) were identified. The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) type equation X DRX = 1 - exp - β d ε - ε c ε 0.5 k d was introduced to characterize the evolution of DRX volume fraction. By further analysis of the true stress–strain curves, the material constants k d and β d were determined to be 0.5994 and 0.9339, respectively; ɛ c was described as ɛ c = 0.1311 ɛ p , where ε p = 0.0064 ε ̇ 0.0801 exp ( 30579 / RT ) ; ɛ 0.5 was described as ε 0.5 = 0.022 × ε ̇ 0.11146 exp ( 26430 / RT ) . The evolution of DRX volume fraction was described as following: for a fixed strain rate, the deformation strain required for the same amount of DRX volume fraction increases with decreasing deformation temperature. In contrast, for a fixed temperature, it increases with increasing strain rate. As the developed JMAK type equation was applied in the finite element simulation model, a series of simulations for the hot compressions in accordance with experimental conditions were conducted, and the DRX volume fraction distributions in deformed materials were uncovered. Finally, the theoretical predictions and numerical results were validated by the microstructure graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresh Co(II) concluding coordination polymer based on {[Co(μ-ppda)(μ-pbmeix)]∙0.5pbmeix·H 2 O} n (1) was formed smoothly through the reaction of Co(II) salt with p -phenylenediacetic acid (H 2 ppda) under the conditions of N-donor co-ligand semirigid 1,4-bis(2-methylimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (pbmeix) for cervical cancer therapy. In our biological research, we explored the pathogenesis of cervical cancer and provided new targets for cervical cancer treatment. In patients with cervical cancer and the cervical cancer rat model, the expression of Breast Cancer Susceptibility Protein-1 (BRCA1) was aberrantly upregulated. This phenomenon may play a role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. Then, bioinformatics prediction was conducted, and miR-9-5p was speculated as the up-regulator of BRCA1 in cervical cancer cells. The influence of miR-9-5p on the vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor contents of cervical cancer lesions was determined via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay. Then, the proliferation of cervical cancer cells was determined via CCK-8 assay after miR-9-5p transfection. Finally, we proved that complex 1 is an excellent candidate for cervical cancer therapy through miR-9-5p-regulated BRCA1-OCT1-GADD45 pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two dynamic models of the dual clearance squeeze film damper (DCSFD) were established. One model was based on the general Reynolds equation and the other model was based on the Reynolds equation of conventional squeeze film damper. To validate the two models, vibration responses of DCSFD were obtained with different exciting frequencies, elastic supports and exciting forces by experiments. Based on the experiment, a dynamic model including DCSFD was established. Excellent consistency of numerical solution was achieved between two different DCSFD models. Good consistency was achieved between the experiment and simulation. These observations provide useful models for further studying DCSFD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A dynamic model of a rotor supported on ball bearings with floating-ring squeeze film dampers (FSFD) is established. In the model, the coupling effect between rotor, ball bearing and FSFD is considered. An efficient numerical integration approach has been employed to conduct the investigation into the rotor system. The results show that FSFD can effectively prevent bistable response, and the performance has also been demonstrated by experiments. Furthermore, the numerical results show that the speed range of non-synchronous motion response of rotor system increases as supporting stiffness increases. When floating-ring mass is less than the lumped mass at the journal position, the speed range of non-synchronous motion decreases as floating-ring mass increases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

LiFe 1- x Ni x PO 4 /C composites were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data indicate that doped Ni can enhance the crystallinity of the composite and retain the olivine lattice type of LiFePO 4. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that a suitable amount of doped Ni can promote the formation of a uniform and small morphology. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results verify that the Ni-doped sample is well covered by a carbon layer and has a high crystallinity. Charge/discharge data reveal that an appropriate amount of doped Ni can improve electrochemical performance. The LiFe 0.97 Ni 0.03 PO 4 /C composite has the strongest intensity of the XRD peaks, the smallest particle size, highest capacity and best cycling performance. Its specific capacity is 169.5 mAh·g−1 at 0.2C and can reach 122.9 mAh·g−1 at a 5C rate. Even at 10C, the capacity retention ratio is still 93.9% after 200 cycles. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data indicate that the electrode polarization and electrochemical impedance of LiFe 0.97 Ni 0.03 PO 4 /C are reduced compared with pure LiFePO 4. Its specific capacity at 0.2C can be 175.8 mAh·g−1 after sufficient activation, which is higher than the theoretical value of 170 mAh·g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two different floating ring squeeze film dampers (FSFD) were studied, one has a single oil film, which is referred as FSFDS, and the other has a double layer oil film, which is referred to as FSFDD. To investigate the dynamic characteristics of FSFDS and FSFDD, two rotor dynamic models are established. In the model, the coupling effect between rotor, ball bearing and FSFDS/FSFDD is considered. Then an efficient numerical integration approach has been employed to conduct the investigation into the rotor system. Numerical results show that the performances of FSFDS and FSFDD are better than the traditional SFD, but worse than FSFD that has a double layer oil film and does not contain the elastic support of a floating ring, in preventing bistable, non-synchronous and the transient amplitude of the sudden unbalance response. They have better performance than FSFD in controlling the transient process of the sudden unbalance response by increasing the support stiffness of the floating ring. But it may lead to the bistable response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] εc and were described as the functions of Z/A, not constants. [•] A large range of strain, strain rate and temperature were considered. [•] The method of using flow curves has higher operability than optical observation. [•] Deformation conditions corresponding to complete/incomplete DRX were predicted. [•] Experiment data validate theoretical prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epidermic microbiota plays crucial roles in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), a common inflammatory skin disease. Melatonin (MLT) has been shown to ameliorate skin damage in AD patients, yet the underlying mechanism is unclear. Using 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) to induce an AD model, MLT intervention was applied for 14 days to observe its pharmaceutical effect. Skin lesions were observed using HE staining, toluidine blue staining and electron microscopy. Dermal proinflammatory factor (IL-4 and IL-13) and intestinal barrier indices (ZO1 and Occludin) were assessed by immunohistochemistry and RT–qPCR, respectively. The dysbiotic microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. MLT significantly improved skin lesion size; inflammatory status (mast cells, IgE, IL-4, and IL-13); and the imbalance of the epidermal microbiota in AD mice. Notably, Staphylococcus aureus is the key bacterium associated with dysbiosis of the epidermal microbiota and may be involved in the fine modulation of mast cells, IL-4, IL-13 and IgE. Correlation analysis between AD and the gut revealed that intestinal dysbiosis occurred earlier than that of the pathological structure in the gut. Melatonin reverses DNFB-induced skin damage and epidermal dysbiosis, especially in S. aureus. Repeated administration of DNFB activates mast cells and induces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in skin tissue, ultimately leading to atopic dermatitis. Melatonin therapy reduces the number of mast cells, inhibits the secretion of IL-4 and IL-13 and the production of IgE, improves dermatitis symptoms and skin microbiota disorders, and reduces the abundance of S. aureus , thus inhibiting AD. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a significant issue to deeply understand the phase transformation kinetics and further predict the multi-phase compositions of hot stamping part with finite element method (FEM). As for BR1500HS ultra-high-strength steel, a time-temperature-transformation (TTT) test schedule from austenitizing temperature (1100 °C) to different transforming temperatures (380–750 °C) was conducted on Gleeble 3800 machine. On the basis of microstructure observations, ferrite+pearlite region (600–740 °C), bainite region (420–600 °C) and martensite region (lower than 420 °C) were distinguished. According to the acquired dilatometric curves, the starting and ending TTT curves were fitted. Subsequently, Johnson-Mehl-Avrami type kinetics equation and Magee's equation were respectively solved to describe the diffusional and non-diffusional transformation kinetics as follows: the diffusional transformation efficiency increases to a maximum value followed by a gradual decrease till 100% with time extending; the non-diffusional transformation degree gradually increases with decreasing temperature without time influence. Eventually, the multi-phase transformation kinetics were applied to the construction of the thermal-mechanical-phase dynamic coupling finite element (FE) model of hot stamping process and analysis of the multi-phase evolution and distribution in a hot stamping part. Eventually, the hot stamping process experiment was conducted and proved that the simulation results were effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Temperature, stain, strain rate have a pronounced effect on m-value. [•] A large range of strain, strain rate and temperature were considered. [•] The stable and unstable regions were identified clarified clearly. [•] DRX in recommended domain and cracks in unstable region were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) play crucial roles in balancing the production and decomposition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living organisms. These enzymes act cooperatively and synergistically to scavenge ROS, as not one of them can singlehandedly clear all forms of ROS. In order to imitate the synergy of the enzymes, we designed and generated a recombinant protein, which comprises of a Schistosoma japonicum GST (SjGST) and a bifunctional 35-mer peptide with SOD and GPX activities. The engineered protein demonstrated SOD, GPX and GST activities simultaneously. This trifunctional enzyme with SOD, GPX and GST activities is expected to be the best ROS scavenger. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is an important antioxidant enzyme, which plays an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species. To obtain humanized GPX catalytic antibodies, the phage displayed human antibody library on the surface of the filamentous bacteriophage was used to select novel antibodies by repetitive screening. Phage antibodies B8, H6 and C1 with the GSH-binding site were obtained from the library by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis with four rounds of selection against three haptens, S-2,4-dinitrophenyl t-butyl ester [GSH-S-DNP-Bu (B)], S-2,4-dinitrophenyl t-hexyl ester [GSH-S-DNP-He (H)] and S-2,4-dinitrophenyl cycle-hexyl ester [GSH-S-DNP-cHe (C)], and characterized using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. The gold layer was modified by dithiodiglycolic acid (DDA) and three haptens were easily attached to DDA by self-assembling to form a biosensor membrane. The membrane bounds specifically corresponding antibodies. The kinetic process of the reaction between phage antibodies and their haptens was studied by SPR biosensor. In order to improve selectivity, chemical modification was used to incorporate directly catalytic group selenocysteine (Sec) into selected phage clone B8, H6 and C1 to form Se-B8, Se-H6 and Se-C1, respectively. The GPX activities of Se-B8, Se-H6 and Se-C1 were found to be 3000, 2000 and 700units/μmol, respectively. Compared with conventional ELISA analysis, the proposed method based on SPR biosensor is much more rapid and simpler. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An oncogenic role, p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5), has proven as a significant mediator for many cellular progression, which is expressed highly in human organs such as lung, liver, kidney, blood vessels endothelial cells and inflammatory cells. PAK5 was primitively detected in the cerebrum and accelerated the filopodia formation in neurocytes. It can reverse the effect of Rho and adjust its activity to mediate maintenance and development of nerve axon by binding with Cdc42-GTP. Moreover, PAK5 has been suggested to mediate protean, multitudinous and inscrutable functions in cancer. Currently, many researches indicated that PAK5 was dysregulated in ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, melanoma, osteosarcoma, renal carcinoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer and so on, which was involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. This review focuses the latest knowledge on the structure, expression, signalling pathway of PAK5, emphasizing its function in cancer. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]