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Sclerotherapy is purportedly less effective in patients with hemorrhagic than with non-hemorrhagic lymphatic malformations (LMs). We aimed to compare the efficacy of bleomycin-lauromacrogol foam (BLF) sclerotherapy in the treatment of macrocystic LMs with and without intralesional hemorrhage. Fifty-five children with macrocystic LMs admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Department were retrospectively included. The patients were allocated into a hemorrhage group (23 cases) or a non-hemorrhage group (32 cases) based on the occurrence of an intracapsular hemorrhage. The diagnosis was confirmed by physical examination, color ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and puncture findings. BLF was injected into the capsule after draining the cystic fluid under color ultrasound guidance. Patients whose lesions were unchanged or showed minor change after 1 month were treated again using the same method. Changes in lesion size and the number of treatments were recorded. Effectiveness was classified as excellent (volume reduction ≥90%), good (50%≤volume reduction<90%), or poor (volume reduction <50%). In the hemorrhage group, 17, 6, and 0 patients' outcomes were classified as excellent, good, and poor, respectively. The overall efficacy rate was 100%. In the non-hemorrhage group, 23, 7, and 2 patients' outcomes were classified as excellent, good, and poor, respectively. The overall efficacy rate was 93.8%. There was no significant difference in efficacy rate between groups (P = 0.767). BLF is an effective and safe treatment for macrocystic LMs with bleeding. The results were similar in patients with and without bleeding. Treatment, Level III. • What is currently known about this topic? Sclerotherapy is purportedly less effective in patients with hemorrhagic than with non-hemorrhagic lymphatic malformations. • What new information is contained in this article? Bleomycin-lauromacrogol foam is an effective and safe treatment for giant lymphatic malformations with bleeding. The results were similar in patients with and without bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ba 2– x Sr x SmTaO 6 has attracted great attention due to its excellent dielectric performance and abundant crystal structures. Recent studies find the reflectance of Sr–doped Ba 2 SmTaO 6 (Ba 2– x Sr x SmTaO 6) significantly changes with the transition between its varied phases, indicating the potential applications in optical sensors. However, its phase transition temperature (T t) and the preparation process are not clear. In this work, the T t between the cubic and tetragonal phases of Ba 2 SmTaO 6 was firstly confirmed to be 533 K using self–consistent phonon theory (SCP). Combining the experimental and calculation methods, we found that the cubic and tetragonal phases of Ba 2– x Sr x SmTaO 6 can be obtained by reacting at 1200 °C for 8 h and 1200 °C for 96 h with a low cooling rate of 2 °C/min, using the solid state reaction method, respectively. With characterizing the reflectance of different phase structures Ba 2– x Sr x SmTaO 6 , the largest reflectance difference between the tetragonal phase and cubic phase was found to be 59.22% at a wavelength of 1064 nm (wavelength commonly used in laser emitters) when x is 1.5, indicating it has great potential using in the optical sensor area. This research provides a guidance for the preparation of complex perovskite with different crystal structures of similar A 2 BB'O 6 structure materials and is of great significance for the application of Ba 2– x Sr x SmTaO 6 in optical sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacuum freeze-drying is a promising technology widely used in pharmaceuticals. Preparing products with prebuilt porosity has attracted considerable attention due to its potential in shortening process duration. However, the design space for the primary drying of initially unsaturated products remains unclear. A novel index, average power, was proposed in this paper to represents the collapse risk. And a multiphase model was employed in this paper to build the design space for the products with initial voids. The simulation results show that both the drying time and average power show higher sensitivity to the temperature variation than pressure. In addition, the initial saturation has significant impacts on the design space, with small initial saturation resulting in vast design space and vice versa, which implies that small initial saturation is more beneficial for the actual production. This paper would be helpful for the development of freeze-drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers discuss several residues of the checkpoint kinase Chk1 that are important for binding substrate. This enzyme is involved in stopping the cell cycle so that damaged DNA can be repaired.

Angiocentric glioma (AG) is a rare, low-grade glioma with slow growth. In 2007, AG was first classified as a solid tumor according to the WHO classification of the central nervous system (WHO class I). The outcome and prognosis of most of the cases are very good, but a few cases with tumor metastasis and disease progression, even death, have been reported. We report a case and systematically analyze previous literature to increase our understanding of the disease and determine the factors that may affect disease progression to make prognostic judgments. A young male patient complained of a 3-year history of epilepsy. Anti-epileptic drug treatment was ineffective. An imaging examination revealed a lesion in the left parietal cortex area. Thus, the lesion was completely resected. The pathological diagnosis was angiocentric glioma. During a follow-up of two years, the patient had epilepsy relief controlled by sodium valproate and a disease-free period. AG is an epilepsy-related low-grade glioma that heals after complete resection in most reported cases. However, few reported cases have had disease progression and death. This result may be due to the pathological complexity of the diseased tissue. In addition, AG is usually found to have an MYB–QKI rearrangement on genetic analysis. Due to the small number of reported cases and studies, our understanding and knowledge of this disease are still lacking. The potential malignant changes and prognostic factors need to be verified in more than clinical cases and basic research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the predictive performance of anthropometric indices for metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese adolescents with different nutritional status. We recruited 9,513 adolescents aged 10–18 years from seven provinces in China during September 2014. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured at recruitment, and blood samples were collected for determining fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to assess the predictive performance of anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI) percentile, waist circumference percentile, waist-height ratio, and waist-hip ratio. Overall, the four anthropometric indices showed good accuracy for predicting MetS with areas under ROC curves (AUCs) ranging from 0.86 to 0.94; similar AUCs ranging from 0.73 to 0.99 were observed for participants with normal weight. The performance of all four indices was poor in overweight and obese participants, with AUCs ranging from 0.66 to 0.77 and from 0.60 to 0.67, respectively. Waist circumference showed relatively better performance in all the subgroup analyses. We suggest using anthropometric indices with the cutoff values presented here for predicting MetS in the overall and normal-weight adolescent population, but not in the overweight and obese adolescent population where more specific screening tests are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropathic pain is usually persistent due to maladaptive neuroplasticity-induced central sensitization and, therefore, necessitates long-term treatment. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated hypersensitivity in the spinal dorsal horn represents key mechanisms of central sensitization. Short-term use of NMDAR antagonists produces antinociceptive efficacy in animal pain models and in clinical practice by reducing central sensitization. However, how prolonged use of NMDAR antagonists affects central sensitization remains unknown. Surprisingly, we find that prolonged blockage of NMDARs does not prevent but aggravate nerve injury-induced central sensitization and produce analgesic tolerance, mainly due to reduced synaptic inhibition. The disinhibition that results from the continuous decrease in the production of nitric oxide from neuronal nitric oxide synthase, downstream signal of NMDARs, leads to the reduction of GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and inhibiting the expression and function of potassium-chloride cotransporter. Together, our findings suggest that chronic blockage of NMDARs develops analgesic tolerance through the neuronal nitric oxide synthase–brain-derived neurotrophic factor–potassium-chloride cotransporter pathway. Thus, preventing the GABAergic disinhibition induced by nitric oxide reduction may be necessary for the long-term maintenance of the analgesic effect of NMDAR antagonists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, several analytical methods have been developed for identifying tobacco viral species. However, conventional methods are based on labor-intensive, time-consuming, and instrument-required approaches. A novel, rapid and visual method based on the combination of reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay (RT-RPA) and multiplex lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was established specifically for the rapid on-site detection of three tobacco viruses and evaluated. The biosensor used coat protein (CP) genes of potyviruses potato Y virus, chilli veinal mottle virus, and tobacco vein banding mosaic virus as detection markers. A triplex RT-RPA reaction for both targets was constructed and three chemical labels of the amplification products were carefully tested for effective and accurate visualization on the strip. This method demonstrated reasonable specificity and achieved a sensitivity of 103 copies per reaction. Validation with clinical samples showed results consistent with a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The detection process was simple, with little dependence on laboratory settings, and rapid, with a 30-min reaction at 39 °C and visualization on the strip within 5 min. This newly developed triplex RT-RPA-LFD assay was sensitive, specific, and suitable for the on-site detection of three tobacco viruses simultaneously. [Display omitted] • This RT-RPA-LFD method achieves a sensitivity of 103 copies per reaction. • This method demonstrated reasonable specificity. • The detection process was simple, and rapid, with a 30-min reaction at 39 °C and visualization on the strip within 5 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of two experiments, using the Deese/Roediger and McDermot (DRM) procedure to demonstrate the effect of repetition on false memory when semantically related word lists were presented to the participants followed by a recognition memory test, are analyzed. As the fuzzy trace theory and other dual process accounts suggest, repetition can affect accurate and false recognition similarly or differently, and it can definitely contribute to false recognition.

• Chinese herbal medicine plus acupuncture can improve fertility andclinical symptoms. • Low to moderate certainty evidence for the primary outcome were revealed. • Further rigorous, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials are warranted in the future. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus acupuncture for women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). We searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in nine Chinese and English databases from their inception to May 7, 2023. The Cochrane "Risk of bias" tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methods were used to assess the methodological quality and the certainty of the evidence. Effectiveness is presented as the risk ratio (RR) or mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 52 studies were included in this systematic review (n = 4180 participants). The overall quality of the RCTs was reduced by unclear or high risk of bias. The certainty of the evidence ranged from very low certainty to moderate certainty. None of the included studies reported the live birth rate. Among women with PCOS seeking fertility treatment, both CHM and acupuncture had a beneficial effect on the clinical pregnancy rate (CHM plus acupuncture (Intervention A), 9 RCTs, n = 754 participants, RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10, 1.49; moderate certainty evidence; CHM plus acupuncture plus CMT (Intervention B), 16 RCTs, n = 1269 participants, RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.50, 1.94; moderate certainty evidence) and ovulation rate (Intervention A, 5 RCTs, n = 395 participants, RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.15, 1.49; low certainty evidence; Intervention B, 7 RCTs, n = 729 participants, RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.16, 1.48; low certainty evidence) compared to the control group. There is currently very low to moderate certainty evidence that CHM plus acupuncture can improve the fertility and clinical symptoms of PCOS patients. Further rigorous, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of complex interventions of CHM plus acupuncture for treating PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to figure out the key acylated anthocyanin compounds accounting for the bioprotective activity of purple sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.), ODS packing column, semi-preparative HPLC method, activity evaluation assays, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) assays were employed. Additionally, our study revealed that the structures of two acylated monomeric anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-caffeoyl-feruloyl sophoroside-5-glucoside and peonidin 3-dicaffeoyl sophoroside-5-glucoside were found to have the strongest bioprotective activity, which was identified to be closely related with the ortho-dihydroxybenzene structure, suggesting the more the special structures of catechol moieties, such as caffeoyl and cyanidin, the stronger the bioprotective activity will be. Besides, the aglycon of cyanidin had higher antioxidant capacity than the peonidin, and the acylated residues strengthened the capacity which followed the order of caffeoyl > feruloyl > p -hydroxybenzoyl. These results will lay the groundwork for further researching the structure-activity relationships of acylated monomeric anthocyanins from purple sweet potato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primitive electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) recycling activities have caused serious environmental problems. However, little is known about the speciation and leaching behaviors of metal contaminants at e-waste contaminated sites. This study investigated trace metal speciation/mobilization from e-waste polluted soil through column leaching experiments involving irrigation with rainwater for almost 2.5 years. Over the experimental period, Cu and Zn levels in the porewater were 0.14 ± 0.08 mg/L, and 0.16 ± 0.08 mg/L, respectively, increasing to 0.33 ± 0.16 mg/L, and 0.69 ± 0.28 mg/L with plant growth. The amounts of Cu, Zn, and Pb released in surface soil (0–2 cm) contributed 43.8%, 22.5%, and 13.8%, respectively, to the original levels. The released Cu and Zn were primarily caused by the mobilization of the carbonate species of metals, including Cu(OH) 2 , CuCO 3 , and Zn 5 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 6 , and amorphous Fe/Mn oxides associated fractions characterized by sequential extraction coupling with X-ray absorption spectroscopy. During the experiments, trace metals were not detected in the effluent, and the re-sequestration of trace metals was mainly attributed to the adsorption on the abundant Fe/Mn oxides in the sub-layer soil. This study quantitatively elucidated the molecular speciation of Cu and Zn in e-waste contaminated soil during the column leaching process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability worldwide, and better drugs are needed to promote functional recovery after stroke. Growing evidence suggests the critical role of network excitability during the repair phase for stroke recovery. Here, we show that β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), an essential ketone body (KB) component, is positively correlated with improved outcomes in patients with stroke and promotes functional recovery in rodents with stroke during the repair phase. These beneficial effects of β-HB depend on HDAC2/HDAC3-GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) signaling-mediated enhancement of excitability and phasic GABA inhibition in the peri-infarct cortex and structural and functional plasticity in the ipsilateral cortex, the contralateral cortex, and the corticospinal tract. Together with available clinical approaches to elevate KB levels, our results offer a clinically translatable means to promote stroke recovery. Furthermore, GAT-1 can serve as a pharmacological target for developing drugs to promote functional recovery after stroke. [Display omitted] • Elevated β-HB predicts good outcomes in patients with stroke • β-HB contributes to stroke recovery in rodents during the repair phase of stroke • β-HB enhances neural circuit excitability and phasic GABA inhibition via GAT-1 • β-HB enhances the plasticity of cortical networks in rodents with stroke via GAT-1 Stroke is a leading cause of disability, and better drugs are needed to promote functional recovery after stroke. Lin et al. show that β-hydroxybutyrate is positively correlated with improved outcomes in patients with stroke and promotes functional recovery in rodents with stroke during the repair phase via upregulating GAT-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to find new sources of natural antioxidants, total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of 11 fruit seeds before and after in vitro digestion were evaluated by Folin–Ciocalteu method, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity assay (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and ABTS •+ scavenging activity (ABTS) assay, respectively. The correlations between DPPH, FRAP, ABTS values and total phenolic contents were also evaluated. The results showed that 11 fruit seeds had diverse antioxidant capacities and the variation was very large. Furthermore, the main compounds of 11 fruit seeds were identified and quantified. Four fruit seeds, Dimocarpus longgana Lour, Vitis vinifera Linn (red), Vitis vinifera Linn (black), and Litchi chinensis Sonn showed the strongest antioxidant activities whether before or after digestion, which implied that these fruit seeds are important natural sources for preventing oxidative stress diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We theoretically simulate the modulation of chirped Gaussian vector solitons with group-velocity dispersion at 1-μm. Several different kinds of soliton pulse parameters are considered for variation under the condition of same central wavelength (1064 nm) and slightly different central wavelengths (1063 nm and 1065 nm). The change of these parameters will influence the output properties of pulse shapes and corresponding optical spectra in orthogonal directions. For example, with same central wavelength, "3 + 3″ pseudo-higher-order vector solitons can be generated by changing time delay. And dual-wavelength vector solitons with multiple peaks/dips can be generated in many cases when central wavelengths are slightly different. Our simulations explore the modulation of vector solitons with group-velocity dispersion, which is conductive to the study of vector solitons that exist in long-distance nonlinear optical fiber system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide new information on the antioxidant activities before and after in vitro digestion of the selected flowers for consumers, nutritionists, and food policy makers, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacities of 23 edible flowers were evaluated. In addition, some bioactive components in the flowers were also identified and quantified by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The correlations between 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical scavenging activity assay (DPPH), Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and ABTS •+ radical cation scavenging activity assay (ABTS) values and total flavonoid contents and total phenolic contents were also evaluated. Three flowers, Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour, Paeonia lactiflora Pall, and Rosa rugosa Thunb (purple) showed the strongest antioxidant activities before or after the digestion, which implied that these flowers are important natural sources for the prevention of oxidative stress diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]