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Recycling has become an urgent environmental and economic issue in the United State since China's National Sword Policy. In this study, we connect the theory of planned behavior, environmental concern, recycling knowledge, and social capital to investigate recycling intention. Based on a representative sample of New York state residents (N = 1010) recruited through Ipsos Public Affairs using stratified random sampling, we employed hierarchical ordinary least squares regression and PROCESS macro to analyze the data. Survey results show that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are positively related to recycling intention. Subjective knowledge, rather than objective knowledge, influences recycling intention. Moreover, subjective knowledge influences recycling intention through attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, while the indirect relationship from objective knowledge to recycling intention was not significant. Lastly, environmental concern and social capital influence recycling intention through attitude and subjective norms. These findings suggest that environmental communication messaging needs to attend to contextual factors such as community connectedness. • Social capital and subjective knowledge are antecedents to the TPB. • Subjective knowledge influences recycling intention both directly and indirectly. • Objective knowledge is not related to recycling intention. • Environmental communication should take contextual factors into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Introduce an advanced multi-objective optimization framework for vehicle designs, enhancing e-bike rider protection. • Integrate machine learning in predictive models to accurately forecast injury risks, guiding safer vehicle structures. • The multi-criteria decision analysis reveals that specific vehicle front-end features can significantly affect injury severity. • Validate multi-objective optimization strategies through simulations, proving their effectiveness in real-world scenarios. • Illuminate the crucial role of vehicle design in mitigating e-bike rider injuries. A multi-objective optimization method based on an injury prediction model is proposed to address the increasingly prominent safety issues for e-bike riders in Chinese road traffic. This method aims to enhance the protective effect of vehicle front-end for e-bike riders by encompassing a broader range of test scenarios. Initially, large-scale rider injury response data were collected using automated Madymo simulations. A machine learning model was then trained to accurately predict the risk of rider injury under varied crash conditions. Subsequently, this model was integrated into a multi-objective optimization framework, combined with multi-criteria decision analysis, to effectively evaluate and rank various design alternatives on the Pareto frontier. This process entailed a comparative analysis of the design in a baseline scenario before and after optimization, focusing on both kinematic and injury responses of riders. Through detailed injury mechanism analysis, key design variables such as the height of the hood front and the width of the bumper were identified. This led to the proposal of specific optimization strategies for these structural parameters. The results from this study demonstrate that the proposed optimization method not only guides the design process accurately and efficiently but also balances the injury risks across different body parts. This approach significantly reduces the injury risk for riders in car-to-e-bike collisions and provides actionable insights for vehicle design enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant growth, development, and productivity. In this study, we functionally characterized a wheat vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene (TaNHX3). TaNHX3 is 78.9% identical with TaNHX2 in nucleic acid level, encoding a polypeptide of 522 amino acids (aa). TaNHX3 is targeted onto tonoplast after ER sorting and can complement the growth under salt stress in a yeast mutant with a defective vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter exchange. TaNHX3 transcripts were induced by applying salt stress in wheat cultivars. More TaNHX3 were detected in the salt-stress-resistant cultivar Ji 7369 compared with the salt-stress-sensitive cultivar Shimai 12 and Ji-Shi-3, an isogenic line derived from aforementioned cultivars with Shimai 12 genetic background. The ectopic TaNHX3 expression in tobacco significantly enhanced the plant tolerance to salt stress. Compared with control plants, the TaNHX3 overexpressing plants displayed no varied Na+ contents and accumulated more Na+ amount in plants. However, they exhibited higher fresh and dry weights, more accumulative nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, higher contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, soluble protein, higher activities of the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, and lower malondialdehyde and H2O2 amount. Our results indicated that TaNHX3 plays an important role in regulating the cytosolic Na+ transportation within vacuoles under high salinity, alleviating the Na+ damage effects. The improved salt stress tolerance in TaNHX3 overexpressing tobacco plants is closely associated with the improvement of the aforementioned physiological processes. TaNHX3 can be used as a candidate gene for molecular breeding of salt-tolerant plants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]