Search

Background: Prolonged mobile phone use has been demonstrated to be associated with mental health problems and suicidal behavior in adolescents. This study examined the mediating role of depressive symptoms in the association between duration of mobile phone use (DMPU) and suicidal behavior in adolescents.Methods: A total of 6,923 participants from the Shandong Adolescent Behavior & Health Cohort (SABHC) were included in the analysis. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire to assess DMPU on weekdays and weekends, mental disorders, insomnia symptoms, depressive symptoms, suicidal behavior (thought, plan, or attempt), and family demographics in November-December 2015. One year later, a follow-up survey was conducted to ask participants to report their depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. Path analyses with logistic regressions were performed to examine the mediating role of depressive symptoms in the DMPU-suicidal behavior link.Results: Of the sample, mean age was 14.58 (SD = 1.45) and 3,455 (49.9 %) were female at baseline. 12.12 % of participants reported having ever suicidal behavior during the past 12 months at baseline, and 10.63 % reported having ever suicidal behavior during 1-year follow-up. Path analyses showed that the depressive symptoms played a partial mediating role in the association of DMPU on weekdays and weekends with subsequent suicidal behavior. After controlling for covariates, depressive symptoms accounted for 33.6 % and 58.6 % of the total effect of DMPU on weekdays and weekends on suicidal behavior, respectively.Limitation: All variables were measured based on self-report.Conclusions: The link between DMPU and suicidal behavior was partially mediated by depressive symptoms. Prolonged mobile phone use and depressive symptoms should be assessed and intervened to prevent suicidal behavior in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pain (49.9%) and clinically depressive symptoms (9.2%) were prevalent in chinese adolescents. • The prevalence of comorbid pain and clinically depressive symptoms was 6.2%. • Frequent headache (Adjusted OR=2.39, 95% CI =1.37–4.16) and other nonspecific pain (Adjusted OR=2.78, 95% CI =1.33–5.82) increased more than 2-fold risk of depressive symptoms 1 year later. • Pain assessment and treatment may be important for prevention and management of depression. Aims: Pain and depressive symptoms are prevalent in adolescents. Data on the association between pain and depressive symptoms in the general adolescent population are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prospective associations of headache, stomachache, and other nonspecific pain with depressive symptoms in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. Methods: A total of 7072 adolescents who participated in the baseline survey and were followed up 1 year later were included in the prospective analysis. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire to assess three types of pain (headache, stomachache, and other nonspecific pain) and demographics. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the associations between pain and depressive symptoms. Results: The prevalence and incidence rates of depressive symptoms significantly increased with elevated pain frequencies. After adjusting for insomnia symptoms and other adolescent and family covariates, frequent headache (OR=2.39, 95% CI =1.37–4.16) and other nonspecific pain (sometimes pain: OR=1.57, 95% CI =1.14–2.15; frequent pain: OR=2.78, 95% CI =1.33–5.82) were significantly associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms 1 year later. Study limitation : Pain and depressive symptoms were self-reports. Conclusions : The findings suggest that frequent pain is associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to determine the causal relationship between pain and depressive symptoms in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Frequent nightmares are related to depressive symptoms in adolescents. Little is known about pathways from frequent nightmares to depressive symptoms. This study aimed to examine the mediation effect of nightmare distress in the association between frequent nightmares and depressive symptoms in a large sample of Chinese adolescents.Methods: A total of 11,831 adolescents who participated in the baseline survey of Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort were included in the analysis. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure nightmare frequency, nightmare distress, depressive symptoms, sleep duration, insomnia, and demographic characteristics. Linear regressions and mediation analyses were performed to examine the associations between frequent nightmares, nightmare distress and depressive symptoms.Results: Of 11,831 participates, 50.9% were males and the mean age was 14.97 ± 1.45. Adolescents with frequent nightmares scored significantly higher on nightmare distress (t = 29.87, P <  0.001) and depressive symptoms (t = 20.05, P < 0.001) than those adolescents without frequent nightmares. Frequent nightmares (β = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.48-1.60) and nightmare distress (β = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.28-0.32) were associated with depressive symptoms. Mediation analyses showed that nightmare distress accounted for 63.76% of the total effects in the entire sample, 51.17% in males and 80.00% in females, respectively.Limitation: No causality could be made from the cross-sectional data and possible information bias due to self-report.Conclusions: The association between frequent nightmares and depressive symptoms appears to be substantially mediated by nightmare distress. Assessing and intervening distress associated with frequent nightmares may have important clinical implications for reducing the risk of depression in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the prospective association between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. This study examined the independent predictive role of SDB symptoms in depressive symptoms in a large sample of adolescents.Methods: A total of 11831 adolescents who participated in the baseline survey of Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort and 7072 adolescents who were resurveyed 1 year later were included for the analyses. Adolescents completed a self-administered questionnaire about demographics, mental health, sleep problems, and family environment. SDB symptoms were assessed by 3 items about loud snoring, breathing pauses, and snorting/gasping. The Chinese Youth Self-Report anxious/depressed subscale was used to assess depressive symptoms.Results: In the cross-sectional analyses, 11.8% adolescents had depressive symptoms, and elevated frequency of SDB symptoms were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. In the longitudinal study, 4.5% of adolescents had persistent depressive symptoms, the incidence rate of depressive symptoms at 1-year follow-up was 6.5%, and elevated frequency of any SDB symptoms (often: OR=2.23, 95%CI:1.50-3.32) at baseline was significantly associated with incident depressive symptoms after adjusting for potential confounders. The associations between SDB symptoms and depressive symptoms were similar for boys and girls.Limitation: SDB symptoms and depressive symptoms were measured by self-report.Conclusion: SDB symptoms are an independent and significant predictor of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Further research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms between SDB and mood dysregulation in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ampelopsis japonica (Thunb.) Makino. [Display omitted] • Two new pentacyclic triterpenes were isolated from Ampelopsis japonica (Thunb.) Makino. • Inhibitory activity were evaluated for the isolated pentacyclic triterpenes. • Compounds 2 , 4 – 7 showed potent inhibitory activity on NO production. Two new Δ12 ursene-type pentacyclic triterpenes containing the trans -feruloyl moiety (1 , 2), together with five known pentacyclic triterpenes (4 , 5 , 6, 7), were isolated from a Ampelopsis japonica (Thunb.) Makino root ethanol extract. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV, MS, 1D, 2D NMR). The isolated compounds 2, 4–7 exhibited potent inhibitory activity on NO production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by using MTT assays, with inhibition rates of 33.53–56.37 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An LiMnPO 4 /C composite material with ordered olivine structure was synthesized by a microwave-assisted solvothermal process in 2:5 (v/v) water-diethylene glycol mixed solvents at 190 °C for 5 min. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, charge/discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The prepared LiMnPO 4 /C particles exhibited an irregular flaky form coated with a uniform carbon layer (approximately 2–3 nm thick). The prepared LiMnPO 4 /C composite exhibited a discharge capacity of 131.4 and 85.2 mAh·g −1 at 0.1C and 5C, respectively. It delivered a discharge capacity of 109.2 mAh·g −1 with a capacity retention ratio of approximately 99% after 50 cycles at 1C. Furthermore, this microwave-assisted solvothermal approach led to a significant decrease in the reaction time as compared to conventional hydrothermal/ solvothermal processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Life stress has negative impacts on sleep and mental health. Little empirical work has investigated the associations between life stress, insomnia, and anxiety/depressive symptoms (ADS) in multi-wave longitudinal studies. This longitudinal study examined these associations in a large sample of adolescents.Methods: A total of 6995 adolescents (mean age = 14.86 years, 51.4 % male) participated in a 3-wave longitudinal study of behavior and health in Shandong, China. Standardized rating scales were used to assess life stress, insomnia, and ADS in 2015 (T1), 1 year later (T2), and 2 years later (T3). Three-wave longitudinal panel models were conducted to examine the prospective relationships between life stress, insomnia, and ADS.Results: The prevalence and persistence rates of insomnia and ADS across T1-T3 significantly increased with elevated life stress score (p < .001). Cross-lagged panel analysis showed that life stress, insomnia, and ADS at a later time point were significantly predicted by the same variable at earlier time points (all p < .01). Life stress, insomnia, and ADS significantly predicted each other bidirectionally over time (all p < .01). The relationship between life stress and ADS was partially mediated by insomnia. The relationship between life stress and insomnia was partially mediated by ADS.Study Limitation: Life stress, insomnia, and ADS were all self-reports.Conclusions: Life stress, insomnia, and ADS are prospectively bidirectionally related to one another. Insomnia was a mediator of life stress and subsequent ADS and vice versa. These findings underscore the importance of sleep and mental health assessment and intervention in adolescents following life stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental health problems and sleep disturbance are prevalent in adolescents. Intrafamily conflict has been found to be associated with mental health problems and sleep disturbance in adolescents. This study examined the hypothesis that sleep disturbance mediates the effect of intrafamily conflict on mental health problems.Method: Participants were 11,831 adolescent students who participated in the baseline survey of the Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire and reported demographics, behavioral and emotional problems, and sleep disturbance. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the mediating effects of sleep disturbance on the association between intrafamily conflict and mental health problems, including internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems.Results: The mean age of the participants was 15 years (SD = 1.46) and 50.9% were males. After controlling for family demographic factors, adolescent age and sex, intrafamily conflict had significant effects on mental health problems (standardized regression coefficient = 0.28, SE = 0.009, p < 0.001) and sleep disturbance (standardized regression coefficient = 0.15, SE = 0.010, p < 0.001). Sleep disturbance significantly mediated the association between intrafamily conflict and mental health problems (standardized indirect effect = 0.05, SE = 0.004, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Sleep disturbance had significant mediating effects on the relationship between intrafamily conflict and mental health problems in Chinese adolescents. The findings suggested that family-centered programs should include sleep disturbance intervention for preventing adolescent mental health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Fe-Ni 3 S 2 @NiFe-PBA/NF electrocatalyst is synthesized by a two-step method. • Fe-Ni 3 S 2 @NiFe-PBA/NF catalyst can convert 100 % of HMF and achieve 97.1 % FDCA yield. • Doping of Fe facilitates the deprotonation of Ni2+-OH forming the active Ni3+-O. • The Fe-Ni 3 S 2 @NiFe-PBA/NF catalyst shows robust stability after 10 cycles in HMFOR. The electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) represents a promising avenue for generating value-added products derived from biomass. Nevertheless, the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for HMF electrooxidation (HMFOR) remains an ongoing challenge. In this study, we present a novel approach wherein Fe-doped Ni 3 S 2 @NiFe-PBA nanocubes are synthesized directly on three-dimensional nickel foam (NF) substrates using a straightforward hydrothermal reaction and subsequent impregnation. This composite Fe-Ni 3 S 2 @NiFe-PBA/NF catalyst showcases exceptional performance in HMFOR (a faraday efficiency of 97.4 %), characterized by both its remarkable conversion (100 %) and impressive FDCA yield (97.1 %), coupled with its robust stability over ten cycles. The heightened HMFOR activity exhibited by the Fe-Ni 3 S 2 @NiFe-PBA/NF catalyst can be contributed to the introduction of Fe into the Ni 3 S 2 matrix. This deliberate doping strategy engenders accelerated charge transfer kinetics, an increased abundance of accessible surface-active sites, and improved conductivity, thereby enhancing the overall HMFOR performance. By establishing these outcomes, this investigation lays a foundation for the prospective design of electrocatalysts with applications in biomass utilization and energy conversion. In this work, we synthesize Fe-Ni 3 S 2 @NiFe-PBA nanocubes on a Ni foam using a hydrothermal reaction and subsequent impregnation process. The introduction of Fe3+ into the Ni 3 S 2 matrix can increase the Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio, accelerated charge transfer kinetics, an increased abundance of accessible surface active sites, and improved conductivity, collectively enhancing the overall HMFOR performance. As a result, the Fe-Ni 3 S 2 @NiFe-PBA/NF catalyst demonstrates the ability to convert 100 % of HMF at fixed 1.46 V vs RHE and achieve 97.1 % yield in FDCA generation, which is a 37 % higher than that of Ni 3 S 2 /NF. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two acidic Asp 49 -PLA 2 s with Glu 6 substitution and a neutral Lys 49 -PLA (designated Gst-K49) were cloned from G. strauchii venom glands, their full amino acid sequences were deduced. The predominant acidic PLA 2 (designated Gst-E6a) contains 124 residues and the M 18 W 30 substitutions, while the minor acidic PLA 2 (designated Gst-E6b) contains 122 residues and the V 18 A 30 substitutions. Their sequences are most similar to those of the respective orthologous PLA 2 s of G. intermedius venom. Gst-E6a and Gst-E6b appear to be paralogs and possibly have different predatory targets or functions. The LC-MS/MS results indicate the presence of only three PLA 2 gene products in the crude venom, the relative expression levels were in the order of Gst-E6a ≫ Gst-E6b > Gst-K49, as confirmed by qPCR results. In contrast to other Gloydius , G. strauchii venom does not contain neurotoxic or basic anticoagulant Asp 49 -PLA 2 s, but Gst-K49 is the first Lys 49 -PLA 2 identified in Gloydius venoms. However, its venom content is relatively low and its pI value 7.3 is much lower than those of other Lys 49 -PLA 2 s and. The Lys 49 -PLA 2 genes appear to regress in the venom of most of Gloydius and related rattlesnake, and this evolutionary regression occurred before the dispersal of Asian pitvipers to the New World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of Zr addition on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of extruded Al-Cu-Li-Mn alloy were investigated during heat treatment processing. The recrystallization and grain growth were profoundly inhibited in solid solution-treated (SST) Al-Cu-Li-Mn-Zr alloy (Zr-containing), and massive substructures were retained, which were attributed to the higher Zener pinning pressure provided by Al 3 Zr dispersoids. But, complete recrystallization and considerable grain growth occurred in SST Al-Cu-Li-Mn alloy (Zr-free). Besides, the deformation textures containing Brass and S components were predominant in Zr-containing alloy, which contributed to a higher average Talyor factor (M) value. The higher strength behavior in SST Zr-containing alloy mainly originated from the extra Al 3 Zr dispersoids apart from the higher M value and dislocation density. The higher dislocation density and Al 3 Zr dispersoids in Zr-containing alloy promoted the precipitation of T1 phases and narrowed the width of precipitate-free zones (PFZs). Compared with Zr-free alloy, the enhanced combination of good strength and ductility shown in T6-aged Zr-containing alloy was mostly due to the higher T1 phase density and M value, higher dislocation density, and extra Al 3 Zr dispersoids. • Effects of Zr addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of extruded Al-Cu-Li-Mn alloy were discussed in depth. • The influence mechanism of dispersoids on the recrystallization behavior of extruded Al-Cu-Li-Mn-xZr alloys was revealed. • The strength improvement of Zr-containing alloy under different heat-treatment conditions was confirmed. • The higher strength behavior of Zr-containing alloy has been discussed through different strengthening mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• For the first time, a total of 44 compounds, including a rarely reported isoflavone (tectorigenin-7- O -glucosyl-4'- O -acetylglucoside), have been identified in O. acuminata phenolic extracts by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS2. • The phenolics from O. acuminata showed strong antioxidant activity. • The phenolics from O. acuminata displayed stronger inhibition of yeast α-glucosidase than acarbose in a mixed noncompetitive manner. Ottelia acuminata (O. acuminata) is an edible and medicinal aquatic plant endemic to southwestern China. In this work, for the first time, the phenolic composition and contents of different morphological parts of this plant were investigated by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS2. Their potential antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities were also evaluated in vitro. A total of 44 compounds (38 in the inflorescences, 31 in the peduncles, 27 in the leaves), including 2 organic acids, 16 phenolic acids, and 26 flavonoids, were identified, and their levels were significantly different depending on the morphological part. Interestingly, a rarely reported isoflavone (tectorigenin -7-O-glucosyl-4'-O-acetylglucoside) was identified. Flavones (especially luteolin as well as its glycosides) and hydroxycinnamic acids (typically chlorogenic acid) were predominant in the inflorescences, while hydroxycinnamic acids, with a caffeoyl malic acid representative, and flavonols (in particular quercetin glycosides) were the main phenolics in the peduncles and leaves. The inflorescences showed the highest antioxidant activity, followed by the peduncles and leaves, which agreed with their phenolic contents. The phenolics displayed stronger inhibition of yeast α-glucosidase than acarbose with IC 50 values in the range of 0.06-0.138 mg/mL in a mixed noncompetitive manner, whereas phenolics inhibit lipase activity by a competitive inhibition mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]