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To construct and validate a deep learning radiomics (DLR) model based on X-ray images for predicting and distinguishing acute and chronic osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs). A total of 942 cases (1076 vertebral bodies) with both vertebral X-ray examination and MRI scans were included in this study from three hospitals. They were divided into a training cohort (n = 712), an internal validation cohort (n = 178), an external validation cohort (n = 111), and a prospective validation cohort (n = 75). The ResNet-50 model architecture was used for deep transfer learning (DTL), with pre-training performed on RadImageNet and ImageNet datasets. DTL features and radiomics features were extracted from lateral X-ray images of OVFs patients and fused together. A logistic regression model with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was established, with MRI showing bone marrow edema as the gold standard for acute OVFs. The performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Eight machine learning classification models were evaluated for their ability to distinguish between acute and chronic OVFs. The Nomogram was constructed by combining clinical baseline data to achieve visualized classification assessment. The predictive performance of the best RadImageNet model and ImageNet model was compared using the Delong test. The clinical value of the Nomogram was evaluated using decision curve analysis (DCA). Pre-training resulted in 34 and 39 fused features after feature selection and fusion. The most effective machine learning algorithm in both DLR models was Light Gradient Boosting Machine. Using the Delong test, the area under the curve (AUC) for distinguishing between acute and chronic OVFs in the training cohort was 0.979 and 0.972 for the RadImageNet and ImageNet models, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.235). In the internal validation cohort, external validation cohort, and prospective validation cohort, the AUCs for the two models were 0.967 vs 0.629, 0.886 vs 0.817, and 0.933 vs 0.661, respectively, with statistically significant differences in all comparisons (P < 0.05). The deep learning radiomics nomogram (DLRN) was constructed by combining the predictive model of RadImageNet with clinical baseline features, resulting in AUCs of 0.981, 0.974, 0.895, and 0.902 in the training cohort, internal validation cohort, external validation cohort, and prospective validation cohort, respectively. Using the Delong test, the AUCs for the fused feature model and the DLRN in the training cohort were 0.979 and 0.981, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.169). In the internal validation cohort, external validation cohort, and prospective validation cohort, the AUCs for the two models were 0.967 vs 0.974, 0.886 vs 0.895, and 0.933 vs 0.902, respectively, with statistically significant differences in all comparisons (P < 0.05). The Nomogram showed a slight improvement in predictive performance in the internal and external validation cohort, but a slight decrease in the prospective validation cohort (0.933 vs 0.902). DCA showed that the Nomogram provided more benefits to patients compared to the DLR models. Compared to the ImageNet model, the RadImageNet model has higher diagnostic value in distinguishing between acute and chronic OVFs. Furthermore, the diagnostic performance of the model is further improved when combined with clinical baseline features to construct the Nomogram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multicomponent nanohybrids of nickel/ferric oxides and nickel cobaltate spinel (denoted as NiO/Fe 2 O 3 /NiCo 2 O 4) have been prepared through pyrolyzing the hierarchical nanostructure of MOF-on-MOF and explored as efficient scaffolds for sensitively determining insulin. As for the MOF-on-MOF preparation, the ultra-thin bimetallic CoNi-zeolitic imidazolate framework (CoNi-ZIF) nanosheets were grown tightly around the bimetallic CoFe Prussian blue analogue (CoFe PBA) nanocube (denoted as CoNi-ZIF@CoFePBA). Basic characterizations revealed the original core-shell structure shape was still maintained in the NiO/Fe 2 O 3 /NiCo 2 O 4 pyrolyzed at 300 °C, which was composed of multi-metal oxides and NiCo 2 O 4 spinel, along with low crystallinity. Conversely, the NiO/Fe 2 O 3 /NiCo 2 O 4 nanohybrid calcined at 600 °C consisted of large amounts of nanoparticles, while the nanohyrbid obtained at 900 °C demonstrated aggregated NiO and Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles coexisted with the NiCo 2 O 4 phase. Owing to the porous nanostructure, the synergistic effect among different components, excellently electrochemical conductivity, and good biocompatibility of the NiO/Fe 2 O 3 /NiCo 2 O 4 nanohybrid obtained at 600 °C, the relevant aptasensor displayed superior sensing performance for the determination of insulin. It gave an ultra-low detection limit of 9.1 fg mL−1 (0.16 fM) within a wide linear insulin concentration ranging from 0.01 pg mL−1 (0.172 fM) to 100 ng mL−1 (1.72 nM) determined by the electrochemical technique. The constructed aptasensor also had high selectivity, good stability, excellent reproducibility, and acceptable applicability in human serum. By integrating the advantages of aptasensors and electrochemical approach with features of multi-metallic metal-organic frameworks, this work widely broadens the applications of MOF-driven nanohybrids in biosensing fields. A series of multicomponent nanohybrid of nickel/ferric oxides and nickel cobaltate spinel (denoted by NiO/Fe 2 O 3 /NiCo 2 O 4) was prepared by pyrolyzing the core-shell nanostructured CoNi-ZIF@CoFePBA and employed as the platforms for the detection of insulin. The developed NiO/Fe 2 O 3 /NiCo 2 O 4 -based aptasensor exhibited a superior sensing performance for insulin to other routine nanomaterials, giving an ultra-low detection limit of 9.1 fg mL−1 within a wide linear insulin concentration from 10 fg mL−1 to 100 ng mL−1. Image 1 • Multicomponent nanohybrid of nickel/ferric oxides and nickel cobaltate spinel. • Calcination of CoNi-ZIF@CoFePBA at highly different temperatures. • NiO/Fe 2 O 3 /NiCo 2 O 4 -based aptasensor, superior sensing performance for insulin. • Low detection limit, high selectivity, good stability, acceptable regenerability, and applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract A novel electrochemical sensing strategy for detecting hazardous 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was constructed based on mesoporous carbon embedded with FeO x and TiO 2 nanoparticles (denoted as FeO x /TiO 2 @mC nanocomposites) derived from the bimetallic Fe/Ti-based metal–organic framework at high temperature. The developed electrochemical sensor shows excellent sensitivity, good anti-interference ability, stability, and applicability toward 4-NP determination in environmental water samples. Highlights • Bimetallic Fe/Ti-based MOF derived mesoporous carbon embedded with FeO x and TiO 2 nanoparticles. • A hierarchically micro/mesoporous FeO x /TiO 2 @mC-based electrochemical sensor was constructed. • Excellent sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and applicability for detecting 4-nitrophenol. Abstract A series of composites comprising FeO x and TiO 2 nanoparticles uniformly distributed throughout a mesoporous carbon matrix (hereafter denoted as FeO x /TiO 2 @mC nanocomposites) was synthesized by the direct pyrolysis of a bimetallic Fe/Ti-based metal–organic framework at high temperatures (500, 700, and 900 °C). It shows that the as-prepared FeO x /TiO 2 @mC nanocomposites exhibit large specific surface areas and hierarchically micro/mesoporous hybrid structures, further leading to high electron transfer rate. Combining the highly electrocatalytic activity of TiO 2 and FeO x and the good charge-transfer capability of mesoporous carbon, the caused synergism enables the construction of novel and platforms for sensitively detecting 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). After the optimization of sensitive layers and detection conditions, FeO x /TiO 2 @mC 700 (calcined at 700 °C) is found to exhibit high detection ability toward 4-NP owing to its excellent electrochemical performance and electrocatalytic activity. The FeO x /TiO 2 @mC 700 -based electrochemical sensor shows a low limit of detection of 0.183 μM (S/N = 3) within the linear range of 5–310 μM as determined using amperometry toward 4-NP. The proposed method also displays good anti-interference ability, stability, and applicability toward 4-NP determination in environmental water samples. All these results suggest that the components of the MOF-derived binary metal oxide/mesoporous carbon electrocatalyst can function as a novel electrocatalyst for more endeavors into the development of a promising sensing platform for hazardous compounds in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enlarging the specific surface area and increasing the number of active sites of catalysts have been the key factors to improve the properties of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. Herein, we report a novel remarkable octopus tentacles-like tungsten oxide and carbon coated cobalt oxide (WO 3 /C@CoO) catalyst on Ni foam (NF) for HER at the first time, which is synthesized via simple hydrothermal process and immersion method. The obtained Ar/H 2 -treated WO 3 /C@CoO/NF catalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity toward HER with an onset potential of 40 mV (vs. RHE) and a Tafel slope of 115 mV dec −1 in 1 M KOH, which is significantly better than the Ar-treated WO 3 /C@CoO/NF and the CoO/NF NWs. In addition, the prepared Ar/H 2 -treated WO 3 /C@CoO/NF electrode has an outstanding electrocatalytic durability in a long period of stability test for 110 h. Such outstanding property of the Ar/H 2 -treated WO 3 /C@CoO/NF electrocatalyst is attributed to its 3D conductive substitute, carbon coating, strong synergistic effect of between WO 3 and CoO and the unique octopus tentacles-like structure making it a very excellent catalyst for hydrogen production. All these experimental results clearly suggest that Ar/H 2 -treated WO 3 /C@CoO/NF electrocatalyst can improve HER catalytic activity and thus has potential practical applications in water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the synthesis of Co- and Fe-based bimetallic nanocatalysts embedded in mesoporous carbon and g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets (denoted as Co 3 O 4 /Fe 3 O 4 /mC@g-C 3 N 4 ) for selectively simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine acid (DA), and uric acid (UA). These electrocatalysts consisting of bimetallic Co-Fe alloy nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon matrix were prepared via pyrolysis of Co/Fe-MOFs after grinding with high amounts of melamine. Chemical/crystal structures suggest high contents of mesoporous carbon in calcinated Co 3 O 4 /Fe 3 O 4 /mC nanocomposites, which exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward small biomolecules. The intrinsic performances of Co/Fe-MOFs with large specific surface area and regular nodes in the two-dimensional nanostructured g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets endowed the as-prepared series of Co 3 O 4 /Fe 3 O 4 /mC@g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites with remarkable electrocatalytic activities and high adsorption ability toward oxidation of AA, DA, and UA. The developed biosensors also showed long-term stability and high selectivity for targeted analytes, with satisfactory results on actual samples in human urine. The results indicate that the as-synthesized Co 3 O 4 /Fe 3 O 4 /mC@g-C 3 N 4 nanostructure exhibits good electrocatalytic activity and potential applications in clinical diagnosis and biosensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timely and reliable sensing and actuation control are essential in networked control. This depends on not only the precision/quality of the sensors and actuators used but also on how well the communications links between the field instruments and the controller have been designed. Wireless networking offers simple deployment, reconfigurability, scalability, and reduced operational expenditure, and is easier to upgrade than wired solutions. However, the adoption of wireless networking has been slow in industrial process control due to the stochastic and less than 100% reliable nature of wireless communications and lack of a model to evaluate the effects of such communications imperfections on the overall control performance. In this paper, we study how control performance is affected by wireless link quality, which in turn is adversely affected by severe propagation loss in harsh industrial environments, co-channel interference, and unintended interference from other devices. We select the Tennessee Eastman Challenge Model (TE) for our study. A decentralized process control system, first proposed by N. Ricker, is adopted that employs 41 sensors and 12 actuators to manage the production process in the TE plant. We consider the scenario where wireless links are used to periodically transmit essential sensor measurement data, such as pressure, temperature and chemical composition to the controller as well as control commands to manipulate the actuators according to predetermined setpoints. We consider two models for packet loss in the wireless links, namely, an independent and identically distributed (IID) packet loss model and the two-state Gilbert-Elliot (GE) channel model. While the former is a random loss model, the latter can model bursty losses. With each channel model, the performance of the simulated decentralized controller using wireless links is compared with the one using wired links providing instant and 100% reliable communications. The sensitivity of the controller to the burstiness of packet loss is also characterized in different process stages. The performance results indicate that wireless links with redundant bandwidth reservation can meet the requirements of the TE process model under normal operational conditions. When disturbances are introduced in the TE plant model, wireless packet loss during transitions between process stages need further protection in severely impaired links. Techniques such as retransmission scheduling, multipath routing and enhanced physical layer design are discussed and the latest industrial wireless protocols are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PEG·SPIONs) were prepared by a facile one-pot approach. The synthesized PEG·SPIONs were found to be uniform in size with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 11.7nm. PEG·SPIONs exhibited excellent dispersibility in water, colloidal stability, and biocompatibility. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties of PEG·SPIONs were characterized both in vitro and in vivo. The dual contrast both in T1 and T2-weighted imaging was well enhanced with longitudinal and transverse relaxivity (r1, r2) of 35.92s−1 per mM of Fe3+ and 206.91s−1 per mM of Fe3+ respectively. In vivo T2-weighted MRI shows pronounced enhancement in the liver and spleen but not in T1-weighted MRI. Accumulations of nanoparticles were found primarily in the liver, spleen, and intestine, while much lower uptake in the kidney, heart, and lungs. A gradual excretion of PEG·SPIONs was observed via hepatobiliary (HB) processing over a period of 14days. The toxicity of PEG·SPIONs was also evaluated in vitro and in vivo. PEG·SPIONs were found to be biocompatible by investigating organ tissues after hematoxylin–eosin staining. The conclusion of the study indicates a high potential of PEG·SPIONs in medical MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new process of diffusion bonding in air for Al–Mg–Li alloy was proposed, which greatly reduced the welding cycle and equipment requirements. • The Cu coating nano-interlayer not only inhibited the formation of oxide film but also promoted atomic diffusion. • The shear strength of Al-Mg-Li alloy joint was 187.9 MPa reaching up to 90.6% of that in BM. • The width of Al-Al diffusion interface was only about 1 μm and the joint was enhanced by nano-MgO. The process of diffusion bonding in air was successfully used to join 5A90 Al–Mg–Li alloy, which can greatly reduce the welding cycle and equipment requirements. Before diffusion bonding, the Cu nano-coating prepared on the surface of Al–Mg–Li alloy by ultrasonic electrodeposition was used as interlayer to hinder the formation of oxide film and increase the atomic diffusion. The effects of coating thickness, diffusion temperature and interlayer types on the microstructure and performance of joints were investigated. When the diffusion temperature was 530 °C and the coating thickness was 5.12 μm, the optimal shear strength of the joint with 1 μm-thick diffusing interface was 187.9 MPa, which was 90.6% of that in base metal. As the decomposition of unstable Li 20 Mg 6 Cu 13 Al 42 , Cu atoms diffused into the Al matrix to precipitate Al 6 CuMg 4 , and enhanced nano-MgO phase was formed in situ. In addition, the element diffusion behavior and formation mechanisms of the joints were discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Four triarylamine derivatives (XS6–9) containing N,N-dimethylaryl amine units as secondary electron-donating groups are designed and synthesized. These dyes were applied into nanocrystalline TiO2 dye-sensitized solar cells through standard operations. For a typical device the maximal monochromatic incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) can reach 93%, with a short-circuit photocurrent density (J sc) 10.8mAcm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (V oc) 690mV, and fill factor (FF) 0.61, which corresponds to an overall conversion efficiency of 4.54%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The nanostructured Cu coatings were electrodeposited with different vibration, such as vibration-free, agitation and ultrasonic.Ultrasonic could help to refine grains and optimize the comprehensive performance of the coating. The effect of vibration on the thermal stability of pure Cu coatings was investigated with the coatings annealing at 450 °C, 500 °C and 550 °C. Both agitation and ultrasonic can suppress the nanograins coarsening and the effect of ultrasonic was more excellent. Ultrasonic can not only increase the content of nanotwins and triple junctions but also induce the relaxation of GBs. Therefore, the ultrasonic deposited nanograins in the low-energy state exhibit superior thermal stability. The mechanisms of the thermal stability in the electrodeposited coatings were studied from thermodynamics and dynamics. By comparing dislocation density, stacking faults energy and grain boundaries energy, it was proved that the driving force of grain growth in the ultrasonic deposited coating was lowest. Both the methods of isothermal measurements and Kissinger showed that the ultrasonic could increase the activation energy of grain growth to inhibit grain boundary mobility. • The ultrasonic deposited nanograins annealed at 550 °C for 3600 s only grew from 29.4 nm to 178.7 nm. • Ultrasonic cavitation promoted the formation of nanotwins and relaxation of GBs. • Ultrasonic reduced driving force of grain growth and GBs mobility effectively by analysis of thermodynamics and dynamics. • Electrodeposition combining with ultrasonic provided an important route to stabilize nanomaterials without alloying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To avoid loss in mechanical property and reduce the production cost of the matrix titanium and Ti2AlNb-based alloys, lowering the temperature of the diffusion bonding is challenging research worth studying. In this work, surface mechanical nano-alloying treatment is applied to the TA2 titanium and Ti2AlNb-based alloy to deposit a coating of WC and W phases particles as a gain interlayer. Deposited and removal-deposit samples are respectively diffusion-bonded into the dissimilar alloy joints at a low temperature of 800 °C for 1 h under the pressure of 10 MPa. The microstructure, surface morphology, and element and phase compositions of the deposit on the surface and on the interface of the joints were investigated. The dynamic transformation of the deposited phase is discussed in detail. The phase transformations from WC to W and from WC or W to TiW occur during the deposit and diffusion bonding, respectively. The joint, boned with deposited samples, presents an 11.5% higher shear strength than the joint boned with removal-deposit samples. The detailed discussion suggests that the deposited phases and their corresponding phase transformation products present a nanograin characteristic during and after the diffusion bonding process that would promote the atoms' diffusion and strengthen the bonded joint. The present findings provide a new strategy for obtaining high-mechanical performance joint of diffusion bonding through a specific nano-alloying deposit coating. • An approach for fabricating high-quality DB joints using nano-alloying coating by SMNAT was first proposed. • Tungsten carbide (tungsten) coatings were prepared on TA2 titanium and Ti2AlNb alloy by SMNAT. • Phase transformation occurs from the WC to the W, and from the WC to the TiW during the SMNAT and DB process respectively. • Nano TiW and WC grains in the deposit promote the atoms' diffusion on the interface. • Ultra-fined particles with nano TiW and WC grains strengthen the DB joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the oxidation behavior of the TiBw/TA15 composite has been studied at 950 °C under laboratory air for 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 8 h. Overall, the alloy shows a slight mass gain in all oxidation times. The scale formed at present conditions is very similar. The outer layer is the Al 2 O 3 scale, and the inner layer is the TiO 2 scale. A possible schematic diagram of the oxidation mechanism is carefully established to reveal better TiB's positive effect of on the oxidation process for TiBw/TA15 composite at elevated temperatures. • The high temperature oxidation behavior of TiBw/TA15 composite was carefully investigated. • Specific morphology after oxidation were careful investigated by SEM, XPS and TEM. • The oxidation resistance of TiBw/TA15 composite is obviously improved by in situ TiB whiskers. • A possible schematic diagram is established to reveal the positive effect of TiB on oxidation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have attracted considerable attention as one of the most promising candidates owing to their low cost and high catalytic activity. Herein, sandwich-like Fe, N-graphene composites catalysts were rationally designed and synthesized by a two-step procedure using graphene oxide and pyrrole as chemicals. The layered graphene oxide @ polypyrrole precursor was synthesized by in-situ polymerization of pyrrole with GO/FeCl 3 complexes served as both template and oxidant. The resulted Fe N C catalysts obtained from above precursors annealed at 825 °C with sandwich-like structure of Fe species between graphene and carbon coating as the electrocatalysts for ORR showed that, comparable to the commercial Pt/C catalyst, positive onset potential (−0.08 V vs Ag/AgCl), high ORR limiting current density (5.87 mA cm −2 at −0.6 V), favoured an apparent 4-electron transfer pathway, outstanding stability, excellent methanol tolerance. Those excellent properties of rational designed Fe N C catalysts can be attributed to the suitable feeding order of chemicals to keep the advantages of graphene with high specific surface area and provide more effective surface active sites, and protection for active sites by carbon layers from polypyrrole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of resistance heating patterns is one of the underlying opportunities for the hot processing of hard-working materials. Here, the effect of electropulsing treatment (EPT) on the microstructure of a hot-rolled TiBw/TA15 composite billet with a network architecture was investigated. Experimental results showed that the stable temperature platform presented a competition between Joule heat and heat dissipation, including heat conduction, convection, and radiation, and the temperature distribution was non-uniform. The ultimate temperatures of the EPT samples increased gradually as the electropulsing increased. Then, the traditional heat treatment sample was compared with the EPT samples via electron backscatter diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Results of analyses indicate that the athermal effect independent from electropulsing can promote the growth of grains, but it also decreases the dislocation density and increases the recrystallization fraction. Therefore, athermal effects can exist authentically in contrast to the thermal effects, and specific thermal effects can hardly achieve the results obtained in this study. • The current study investigated the EPT of a hot-rolled TiBw/TA15 composite with a novel network architecture. • It determined the effect of electropulsing on grain growth. • It explored the mechanism of electropulsing on dislocation. • It evaluated the effect of electropulsing on textural evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hot corrosion behavior of network structured TiB w /TA15 composite with NaCl film at 800 ℃ was investigated. After the 100 h test, the mass change was 50.13 mg cm−2 and 400 µm scale with obvious pores and cracks formed on the substrate, which mainly composed by TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 with a few Na 2 TiO 3 , NaAlO 2 and Ti/Al chlorides. The adsorption of Cl atom on α-Ti (0001) and α-Ti (0001)-Al surfaces was studied by density functional theory. Chlorination-oxidation circulation was the main reason of the severe hot corrosion. Cracks and holes were mainly caused by the escape of high vapor pressure Ti/Al chlorides and thermal stress resulting from the rapid growth of the hot corrosion scale. In addition, approaches for improving the hot corrosion resistance were discussed. [Display omitted] • Hot corrosion behavior with NaCl for network structure TiB w /TA15 were studied. • Interaction mechanism at atomic level was revealed by DFT calculation. • Hot corrosion mechanism was revealed by experimental and theoretical study. • Improving hot corrosion resistance methods were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of Ferrimagnetic vortex iron oxide nanoring-mediated mild magnetic hyperthermia (FVIO-MHT) in solid tumor therapy has been demonstrated. However, the impact of FVIO-MHT on the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. This study utilized single-cell transcriptome sequencing to examine the alterations in the TME in response to FVIO-MHT in breast cancer. The results revealed the cellular composition within the tumor microenvironment (TME) was primarily modified due to a decrease in tumor cells and an increased infiltration of myeloid cells. Subsequently, an enhancement in active oxygen (ROS) metabolism was observed, indicating oxidative damage to tumor cells. Interestingly, FVIO-MHT reprogrammed the macrophages' phenotypes, as evidenced by alterations in the transcriptome characteristics associated with both classic and alternative activated phenotypes. And an elevated level of ROS generation and oxidative phosphorylation suggested that activated phagocytosis and inflammation occurred in macrophages. Additionally, cell–cell communication analysis revealed that FVIO-MHT attenuated the suppression between tumor cells and macrophages by inhibiting phagocytic checkpoint and macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathways. Inhibition of B2m , an anti-phagocytosis checkpoint, could promote macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and significantly inhibit tumor growth. These data emphasize FVIO-MHT may promote the antitumor capabilities of macrophages by alleviating the suppression between tumor cells and macrophages. [Display omitted] ● Single-cell transcriptome reveals the microenvironment after magnetic hyperthermia. ● The interaction between tumor cells and macrophages was inhibited. ● Insufficient B2m enhances macrophage-mediated phagocytosis to block tumor growth. ● Magnetic hyperthermia promotes granulocyte response to inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bimetallic ZnNi MOFs with hierarchical structure were designed and prepared by a facile one-pot method. • The morphology of bimetallic MOFs could be designed by controlling the two metal ions molar ratio. • The doping content of Ni2+ ions into the MOFs will lead to enhancement of sensing performance. • The Zn/Ni MOF (1:2) exhibited detection limit of 20.32 fg·mL−1 toward AD within the range of 10−4∼102 ng·mL−1. This work reported a label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on bimetallic ZnNi metal–organic framework (MOF) microspheres for highly efficient detection of adenosine (AD). Three ZnNi MOFs with different morphologies were prepared by regulating the molar ratio of Zn2+ to Ni2+ (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) in the preparation processes. The ZnNi MOF (1:2)-based aptasensor displayed excellent sensing performance toward AD compared with ZnNi MOF (1:1) and ZnNi MOF (1:3)-based ones due to its higher electrochemical activity and stronger binding interaction between the aptamer strands and hierarchically nanostructured hollow microspheres. The proposed aptasensor exhibited a low detection limit of 20.32 fg·mL−1 for AD within a wide linear range from 0.0001 to 100 ng·mL−1. This aptasensor also showed excellent selectivity, acceptable reproducibility, high stability, good regenerability, and favorable applicability for AD detection in human serum. The remarkable biosensing performance was primarily attributed to the strong adsorption interactions of Ni2+ to aptamers, special morphology of materials, and the synergistic effect of Zn2+/Ni2+ in MOF matrixes. The rational construction of bimetallic ZnNi MOFs provided a promising sensing platform for sensitive detection of AD and further, showed great potentials in clinic diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study successfully bonded a TiBw/TA15 composite with a novel network architecture via a solid diffusion bonding (DB) technique. The effects of bonding time and TiB reinforcement phase on the evolution of the bonding interface were evaluated at 950 °C under a vacuum environment. Experimental results indicate that the interface bonding rate increased with the bonding time by reducing the interface voids and could well be bonded at 80 min. However, the TiB reinforcement phase was pernicious for the bonding process due to its low bonding strength with the sample matrix. Shear tests were also performed on the DB interface, and a maximum shear strength of 785 MPa was obtained when the sample was bonded at 2 MPa–950 °C–80 min. • A TiBw/TA15 composite with a novel network architecture was successfully bonded under a vacuum environment. • The effects of TiB on the composite's diffusion bonding process were carefully explored. • The possible mechanism of the material's diffusion bonding process was carefully established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • OGD upregulates CYP4A expression and 20-HETE production in astrocytes. • Conditioned media from stimulated astrocytes promotes angiogenesis through 20-HETE. • HET0016 suppresses angiogenesis and worsens neurological outcomes 14 days poststroke. • 20-HETE mediates OGD activated VEGF and HIF-1α via JNK pathway in astrocytes. • HET0016 decreases VEGF and HIF-1α by inhibiting JNK pathway in ischemic brains. Abstract 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) metabolite of arachidonic acid, is one of the primary eicosanoids in most of microcirculatory beds. Studies have indicated that 20-HETE has important functions in the modulation of vascular tone, ion transport, inflammation reaction, and cellular proliferation. Both we and others have demonstrated that 20-HETE plays an important role in acute phase of ischemic stroke. However, little is known about the effect of 20-HETE on recovery phase of stroke. Crosstalk between the cells within the neurovascular unit is increasingly suspected of playing critical roles in stroke recovery. We found that CYP4A is upregulated in astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), which increases the production of 20-HETE that promotes endothelial cell proliferation, tube formation and migration. siRNA suppression of CYP4A or 20-HETE inhibitor prevents this effect. In a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia, inhibition of CYP4A reduces peri-infact angiogenesis and worsens neurological deficits 14 days after stroke. We further showed that ischemia injury increases VEGF and HIF-1α expression in cell cultures and ischemic brains, which is negated by a 20-HETE inhibitor-HET0016. Lastly, we showed that JNK signaling pathway is a component of 20-HETE regulated ischemic angiogenesis after stroke. Taken together, we demonstrated a positive influence of 20-HETE in angiogenesis in later stage of stroke. These molecular and in vivo findings also support a previously undescribed mechanism of crosstalk between reactive astrocytes and endothelial cells wherein 20-HETE promotes neurovascular remodeling and functional recovery after ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel electrocatalyst based on amine-functionalized Ti-based metal–organic framework (NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti)) embedded with Cu 3 P nanocrystals (denoted by Cu 3 P@NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti)) was synthesized and used for electrocatalytic oxidation and detection of hydrazine in aqueous solution. A series of Cu 3 P@NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposites were obtained by adding Cu 3 P nanoparticles into the preparation system of NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti), with the Cu 3 P nanocrystals derived from the phospatization of Cu(OH) 2 at high temperature. Based on the detailed characterizations and analysis of the chemical and physical performances of the series of Cu 3 P@NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposites at dosages of Cu 3 P nanocrystals at 5, 20, 50, and 100 mg, the good synergic effect between the Cu 3 P (50 mg) and the NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) endows the as-prepared Cu 3 P 50 @NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposite with the excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine. The Cu 3 P 50 @NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti)-based electrochemical sensor exhibited a detection limit of 79 nM (S/N = 3) within a wider linear range from 5 µM to 7.5 mM. Moreover, the developed sensor exhibited high selectivity toward the detection of hydrazine with the addition of certain common interferents and good applicability in real samples. All of these results imply that the Cu 3 P 50 @NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposite could be promising for detecting hydrazine and offer potential applications in the field of electroanalytical chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• DFT and AIMD were combined to study the oxidation mechanism of CrN. • Surface energy of CrN low-index surface was calculated. • The adsorption configuration and electronic structure were analyzed. • The dynamics process of O 2 dissociation and adsorption was studied by AIMD. • The PDOS change during AIMD simulation were analyzed. [Display omitted] Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) are combined to investigate the CrN oxidation mechanism. The surface energy, adsorption configuration and electronic structure of oxygen molecule and atom on the CrN (100) surface are investigated through DFT calculation. AIMD calculation is used to investigate the geometric configuration and electronic structure evolution of O 2 molecule adsorption and dissociation process at 1073 K. Results show that the (100) surface has the lowest surface energy. The top site of Cr atom is the most stable adsorption site for oxygen molecules and atoms, and the adsorption energy values are −4.276 eV and −4.975 eV, respectively. Charge density difference results show that both oxygen molecule and atom undergo charge transfer with the Cr atom. The O atom gains electrons while the Cr atom loses electrons. Results of partial density of states show that the Cr O bond is formed due to the hybridization between the O-p and Cr-d orbitals. At 1073 K, AIMD results show that the O 2 molecule automatically dissociates into O atoms, and the dissociated O atoms form stable covalent bonds with the surface Cr atom. The hybridization between the O-p and Cr-d orbitals gradually increases, thereby forming stable adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations are combined to study the α-Ti oxidation mechanism on atomic scale. The most and second stable adsorption site for O atoms on the surface layer is FCC and HCP site, respectively. The most stable adsorption site of subsurface layer is octahedral site. O atoms all gain electrons from adsorbed Ti atoms and the Ti–O bonds are mainly formed by the hybridization between O-p and Ti-d orbitals. At both 303 K and 873 K, AIMD results show that O 2 molecule gradually dissociate into O atoms on α-Ti (0001) surface and then adsorb on the surface. The increase of temperature accelerates the dissociation rate of O 2 molecule. During the formation of Ti–O bond, O and Ti atom gain and lose electrons, respectively. The partial density of states evolution results show that the Ti–O bond is formed by the gradually strengthened hybridization between O-p and Ti-d orbitals. At 303 K, α-Ti (0001) surface can form a dense oxide film. But a discontinuous and loose oxide film is formed at 873 K and O atoms can penetrate into the octahedral and tetrahedral sites of the subsurface layer. • DFT and AIMD were combined to reveal the α-Ti oxidation mechanism. • Adsorption behavior of O atom on surface and subsurface was studied by DFT. • The dynamic dissociation and adsorption process of O 2 was investigated by AIMD. • The temperature effect on the O 2 dissociation behavior was studied by AIMD. • Electronic structure during DFT and AIMD calculation were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • DFT and AIMD were combined to study the Ti 2 AlC oxidation mechanism. • Surface energy of different Ti 2 AlC (0001) surfaces was calculated. • The adsorption configuration and electronic structure were analyzed. • The dynamics process of O 2 dissociation and adsorption was investigated by AIMD. • The PDOS changing process during AIMD simulation was analyzed. Ti 2 AlC oxidation mechanism was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). DFT results showed that the most stable adsorption site was HCP hollow sites, followed by FCC. O atom gained electrons, while Al atom lost electrons through the hybridisation of O-p and Al-s/p orbitals. AIMD results show that O 2 molecule gradually dissociated into O atoms at 1273 K and formed Al-Ti mixed oxide film. The hybridisation between O-p and Al-s/p orbitals formed Al-O bond, while the hybridisation of O-p and Ti-d orbitals formed Ti-O bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal pollution is an increasingly serious problem in agricultural ecosystems. Zinc accumulation in the food chain may harm the physiological functions of organisms, including herbivorous and predatory insects. Its effects on development and reproduction in Harmonia axyridis are largely unknown. In this study, five Zn solutions (25, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) plus control (0 mg/kg) were used to treat broad beans and to water the resulting seedlings. Aphids fed on these seedlings were eaten by H. axyridis ladybugs. Zn accumulation was found at all three trophic levels. Compared with the control group, ladybugs in the 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg groups had significantly reduced weight gain from the 4th instar to adulthood. Pupae and larvae (instars 1–4) in the 150 mg/kg group had the lowest survival of any group; pupal mortality in the 100 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Under Zn stress, female adults had inhibited expression of Vg1 , Vg2 and VgR , reducing egg production and hatchability. Zn thus negatively affected their fertility. These results provide a theoretical basis for future exploration of soil heavy metal pollution impacts in ecosystems. • Zinc accumulation was found at all three trophic levels in a broad bean–aphid–ladybug system. • Accumulated zinc negatively affected growth and survival of H. axyridis. • It also reduced fertility indicators, including relevant gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focused on the microstructure, morphology and thermal stability of a MoNbTaTiV refractory high-entropy alloy synthesized by mechanical alloying. The mechanically alloyed powder with a uniform chemical distribution and an average grain size of less than 15 nm was obtained after 40 h milling process. With a refinement of the grain size and an increase of the lattice strain, the milled powder transformed from large and inhomogeneous to refined and homogeneous. The mechanically alloyed powder exhibited excellent thermal stability at 1200 °C. • MoNbTaTiV refractory high-entropy alloy was synthesized by mechanical alloying. • The alloyed powder presented a uniform chemical distribution and an average grain size of less than 15 nm. • The alloyed powder exhibited refinement and homogeneous size distribution. • The alloyed powder maintained bcc phase and nanoscale grain size at 1200 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]