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Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are one of the most popular antibacterial agents, but Ag NP-modified antibacterial fabrics often show poor laundering durability owing to the weak binding force of Ag NPs to the fabric. In this work, a hydrothermal synthesis of catechol formaldehyde resins (CFR) and Ag NPs from catechol, hexamethylenetetramine, and AgNO 3 was developed, and a kind of coating called Ag/CFR was constructed in situ on the surface of cotton, polyester, polyamide, and their blended fabrics. Micromorphologies and chemical structures of the fabric and Ag/CFR coatings were studied, while the antimicrobial performance and other important properties of the fabrics were also investigated. The studies showed that CFR were generated in the solution and anchored Ag NPs onto the surface of the fabric. All the modified fabrics presented high antimicrobial activity with superior laundering durability, achieving a bacteriostasis and fungistasis rate of 99.99 % against S. aureus , E. coli , and C. albicans , even after 50 laundering cycles. Ag/CFR coatings had little influence on the mechanical properties, air permeability, and feel of the fabric. All the antimicrobial fabrics showed low cytotoxicity to NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts and contained no residual formaldehyde. This work provides an efficient and versatile approach for producing durable coatings for antimicrobial fabrics, which can be widely applied to clothing, bedding, and decorations. Silver nanoparticles are anchored on the surface of cotton, polyester, polyamide, and their blend fabrics by catechol-derived resins for producing durable antimicrobial fabrics. [Display omitted] • Catechol derived resins in-situ generate and anchor Ag NPs onto surfaces of fabrics. • The obtained fabrics show highly antimicrobial activities and laundering durability. • The modification has little or no influence on other properties of the fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Amino phosphonate- and melamine-modified sol-gel coatings were developed. • The coating shows highly flame-retardant efficiency to PET/CO blended fabrics. • The coating exhibits flame-retardant activities in both condensed and gaseous phases. Sol-gel coatings have long been applied to improve the flame retardancy of fabrics, but they often exhibit unsatisfactory flame-retardant efficiency for polyester/cotton blended fabrics. Therefore, an intumescent coating called DAM was constructed in this work by modifying 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane with amino phosphonates and melamine through neutralizition reaction of the ingredients. Then, DAM was deposited on the surface of the fabric as a homogeneous coating via sol-gel technique. It was found that DAM accelerated the dehydration of cotton at a relatively low temperature but did not influence the thermal decomposition of polyester. With DAM add-ons of 8% and 15%, the coated fabrics severally named DAM-8 and DAM-15, self-extinguished in horizontal and vertical flame tests, with liming oxygen index values of 23.0% and 26.0%, respectively. In the cone calorimetry test, the ignition of the fabric was slightly delayed owing to the presence of the DAM, while the total heat release and peak heat release rate of the DAM-15 were reduced by 26.1% and 46.3%, respectively. DAM showed flame-retardant activities in both condensed and gaseous phases. Hand assessment of the fabric via the PhabrOmeter system suggested that the presence of the DAM caused the coated fabric to be smoother but a little more rigid than the uncoated fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We studied the gas-phase activation of methane by (n =1−3). [•] There is only one crossing point (CP) and minimum energy crossing point (MECP) on the three system, respectively. [•] The active center in the reaction of with methane include only one metal atom. [•] The product of with methane is hydrogen-bridge bond molecule. [•] For (n =1−3) with the increase of the metal atoms, the activation of methane C–H bonds rise sharply. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]