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Transitioning to a carbon-neutral supply chain poses challenges in visualizing and reducing carbon emissions throughout logistics networks. This study presents a comprehensive framework that integrates blockchain technology (BCT) and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) into the two-echelon production routing problem (PRP). A multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model is developed for the problem, considering economic, environmental, and social objectives. To approximate a Pareto optimal solution for the complex model, a Lagrangian matheuristic algorithm (AugMathLagr) is employed. Computational results demonstrate that the integration of BCT and CCUS may not always be the optimal approach for reducing carbon emissions and creating social value, as it can also lead to higher costs. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the adoption of BCT and CCUS is influenced by parameters such as carbon caps, carbon accounting errors, and carbon capture rates. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to achieve a carbon-neutral supply chain through the integration of BCT and CCUS. • An integrated framework is developed for the BC-PRP-CCUS problem. • The MOMILP model for the BC-PRP-CCUS is formulated. • The Pareto frontier is obtained by the AugMathLagr algorithm. • The effect of carbon cap, carbon accounting errors, and carbon capture rates on economic, environmental, and social objectives is explored. • The integrated use of blockchain and CCUS accelerates the transition to carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoscale zero-valent irons (nZVIs) are easy to agglomerate and deactivate, which limited the practical applications in the subsurface for in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater due to poor radius of influence. Here, we utilized the dual support effect of coupling surface-modified carbon black with a surfactant (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) to manipulate the charge, electron, and geometric structure of the interface, the obtained Fe/CB/CMC (wt%=1:1:2) and Fe/CB/SDS (wt%=1:2:1) suspensions exhibited superior removal capacity toward As(III) with capacities of 80.7 and 90.7 mg g-1, respectively. In a clay medium, 25.2% and 18.0% of nZVIs in Fe/CB/CMC-1:1:2 and Fe/CB/SDS-1:2:1 can break through the column while approximately 100% are retained in bare nZVIs under the same conditions. In addition, input velocity and ionic strength demonstrate a positive correlation with the retention of nZVIs in the Fe/CB/CMC-112 and a slight impact on the deposition of nZVIs in the Fe/CB/SDS-121 due to the rheology and charge differences between CMC and SDS. This study demonstrates the feasibility of combining anionic surfactants and carbon supports to enhance the reactivity and mobility of nZVIs for in situ remediation. [Display omitted] • Enhanced mobility of nZVIs is obtained with the assistance of CB and CMC/SDS. • Input velocity and ion strength show a significant effect on nZVIs transport. • Sedimentation is the main mechanism governing the transport of supported nZVIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction This study is supposed to investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in quantitative evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques and intraplaque neovascularization after treatment with atorvastatin (ATV) in rabbits. Material and methods Forty-five New Zealand white rabbits were enrolled to construct the rabbit model of AS. All rabbits were assigned into the control, AS group and ATV groups (n = 15 individually). The AS plaque formation and relative parameters were observed and calculated by CEUS respectively. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and 9 (MMP-3/9) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were examined by ELISA. The histological changes plaques, maximal plaque thickness (MPT), plaque area (PA) and corrected plaque area (PA/CVA) were evaluated by HE staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to measure the positive protein expressions of VEGF, FVIII-Rag, MMP-3, CD40L and F8. The correlation between CEUS parameters with ELISA and IHC was analyzed by the Spearman correlation analysis. Results At the 8th week, no plaque and new blood vessel were observed in the control group. The ATV group showed more plaques and new blood vessels, and lower IMT, plaque thickness and area than the AS group. The PI and RI were significantly increased in the AS and ATV groups compared to the control group. PI, RI. Plaque EI and its ratio in plaque and arterial lumen of the ATV group were lower than those in the AS group. Compared with the control group, the AS and ATV groups had higher serum levels of TC, TG, LDL, MMP-3, MMP-9 and hs-CRP, and higher AI. However, compared with AS group, serum levels of TC, TG, LDL and AI fell in ATV group. In comparison of the AS group, serum levels of MMP-3, MMP-9 and hs-CRP, MPT, PA and PA/CVA, and the positive expressions of VEGF, FVIII-Rag, MMP-3, CD40L and F8 were significantly reduced in the ATV group. The AS and ATV groups showed a positive correlation of EI in the plaque and its ratio in the plaque and arterial lumen with F8 protein expression, MMP-3 and MMP-9. Conclusion In conclusion, our results indicated that ATV stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques and reduces intraplaque neovascularization in a rabbit model with AS, which can be characterized using CEUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extract of Acanthopanax senticosus harms (EAS) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) mice model. α-Synuclein is a key player in the pathogenesis of PD, the elevated level of which is deleterious to dopaminergic neurons, and enhancing its clearance might be a promising strategy for treating PD. To assess the potential of EAS in this regard, we investigated its effect on the SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing wild-type α-synuclein (WT-α-Syn) or A53T mutant α-synuclein (A53T-α-Syn), and the implicated pathway it might mediate. After treatment with EAS, the changes of α-synuclein, caspase-3, parkin, phospho-protein kinase B (Akt), phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), and phospho-microtubule-associated protein tau (Tau) in WT-α-Syn or A53T-α-Syn transgenic cells were reverted back to near normal levels, demonstrated by the western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR outcomes. The neuroprotective effects of EAS may be able to protect WT-α-Syn or A53T-α-Syn transgenic SH-SY5Y cells from α-synuclein overexpression and toxicity. Therefore, we speculate that EAS might be a promising candidate for prevention or treatment of α-synuclein-related neurodegenerative disorders such as PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We used semi-quantitative reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to identify and characterize the mRNA of Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit and Vacuolar-type H/-ATPase (V-ATPase) β-subunit prepared from gills of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Western blot and immunocytochemistry analysis were employeed to investigate the effects of biogenic amines such as dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) injection on expression of protein abundance and immunostained sites. Our results show that the gill Na+/K+-ATPase of 5-HT treatments increased lag to those of DA treatments. However, the DA and 5-HT have no significant effects on the activity of V-ATPase. The biogenic amines could induce the synthesis of Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit mRNA in the first 12 h. The degree of change in Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit mRNA expression were different between DA and 5-HT treated groups which depend on the dose. The expression of V-ATPase β-subunit mRNA was not markedly affected by the biogenic amines. Concomitant elevation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity, α-subunit mRNA as well as protein abundance in response to injected biogenic amines was also found in Na+/K+-ATPase immunostained sites within the gill epithelium. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we compared systematically the temporal and dose response relationship and physiological significance among biogenic amines injection, changes of ion concentration, FAA concentrations and composition and protein in context of osmoregulatory ability in marine euryhaline shrimp: Litopenaeus vannamei. The dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) injection all had transient effects on hemolymph osmolality, ion concentrations but which occurred in different time and were dose-dependent. The highest concentrations of FAAs in hemolymph of L. vannamei were alanine, glycine, argnine, proline, lysine which were considered to be specific osmotic effectors. Contrary to the reduction of hemocyanin, injection of DA 10−6 mol shrimp−1 and 5-HT 10−6 mol shrimp−1 induced notable protein increase respectively, which led to the rapid reduction of hemocyanin/protein ratio in range of 63.2% to 78.3%. The increase of hemolymph FAAs might come from the new amino acid synthesis or degradation of muscle protein to FAAs or denovo synthesis of FAAs. Our study showed that dopamine plays an important role in neurotransmission and causes osmoregulation response modulation and 5-HT has different activation mechanism on osmoregulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Complex toxic effects of Cd2+, Zn2+, and acid rain on growth of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) were studied in a pot experiment by measurement of fresh weights of the plants, determination of surperoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the plant organs, and observation of injury symptoms. The experimental results demonstrated that all treatments of Cd2+, Zn2+, and/or acid rain significantly decreased fresh weights of kidney bean and caused toxic effects on growth of the plants, especially higher amounts of Cd2+ and Zn2+ and higher acidity of acid rain. Combination of these three pollutant factors resulted in more serious toxic effects than any single pollutant and than combinations of any two pollutants. SOD, POD, and MDA in the plant organs changed with different pollution levels, but MDA content in the leaves showed the best relationship between the pollution levels and toxic effects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We theoretically investigate electron transport properties in a nanostructure modulated by the realistic magnetic field and the δ-doping. We find that the electron transport properties are strongly dependent on the weight and the position of the δ-doping. These interesting finds may be very helpful for designing the δ-doping-tunable spintronic devices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV) inhibits the immune response of the host Spodoptera litura by disrupting nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling and downstream gene expression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, we report that viral ankyrin (Vank) proteins interacted with host dorsal-interacting protein 3 (Dip3) to selectively inhibit the transcription of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 E (eIF4E). Dip3 and Vank proteins were co-expressed and colocalized in the nucleus. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Dip3 rescued the transcription of some NF-κB-dependent genes suppressed by Vank proteins, including eIF4E. Co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays confirmed that Vank proteins interacted with and bound to full-length Dip3, which including MADF, DNA-binding protein, BESS, and protein-protein interaction motifs as well as non-motif sequences. In vivo , RNAi-mediated dip3 silencing decreased eIF4E levels and was accompanied by an immunosuppressive phenotype in S. litura. Our results provided novel insights into the regulation of host transcription during immune suppression by viral proteins that modulate nuclear NF-κB signaling. • Vank-Dip3 complexes inhibited eIF4E during Bracovirus-mediated immunosuppression. • Vank proteins bound to full-length Dip3, including the MADF, BESS, and non-motif. • Dip3 rescued eIF4E transcription from inhibition by MbBV infection. • RNAi-mediated dip3 silencing inhibited eIF4E, leading to immunosuppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Graphene oxide-based nanofiltration membrane, have attracted tremendous interest due to the highly permeability and excellent rejection behavior. Here we show that a novel low-pressure nanofiltration membranes (LPMs) comprising MoS 2 nano-supporting spacer among the graphene oxide (GO) layers, which were fabricated by forward pressure-assisted assembly and heat-treatment. The resultant GO/MoS 2 LPMs exhibited a pure water permeability about 10.2 ± 1.68 L/(m2·h·bar) at low pressure (2 bar), which was much higher (about 13.6 times) than that of pristine GO membrane (~0.75 L/(m2 h bar)). Meanwhile, high rejection to different charged dyes (≥ 95%) and moderate rejection for salts (43.2%, 65.2%, 26.5% and 24.3% for NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 , MgCl 2 and MgSO 4 , respectively) was remained. The satisfied filtration performance was attributed to the loose interlayer-structure of composite membrane and the cooperative effect of Gibbs-Donnan exclusion mechanism and steric hindrance. In addition, the GO/MoS 2 LPMs presented satisfied stability and antifouling properties. Experimental results and molecular dynamics simulation results demonstrated that the increase of vertical distance between GO sheets by introducing the MoS 2 nanoparticles could accelerate the water transport in the channels. This paper was not only provided a new design idea for adjusting the channel size of GO membrane, but also gave a promise of GO-based membrane for practical wastewater treatment and purification. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • Hybrid membranes formed by assembly and heat-treatment, provided scalable pathway. • The GO/MoS 2 membrane presented a potential application in dyes and salts rejection. • The permeability of GO/MoS 2 layers was remarkable increased by introducing MoS 2. • Dynamics simulation was employed to water transport in different channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we demonstrated an alternative partial reduction graphene oxide/metal-organic frameworks nano-scale laminated membrane for dyes and heavy metal ions removal at low pressure. Compared with pure prGO membranes, the novel UiO-66-(COOH) 2 /prGO membranes with loose structure and excellent selective permeability demonstrated significant enhancements of permeation for low-pressure nanofiltration. The UiO-66-(COOH) 2 /prGO membranes possess more nanochannels structure, high surface charge and stability, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experiment result indicated that the flux of composite membranes for pure water was 20.0 ± 2.5 Lm −2 h −1 bar −1 , about 2.9 times higher than that (6.5 ± 1.2 Lm −2 h −1 bar −1 ) of the pristine prGO membranes at the same prGO loading. The high rejection of UiO-66-(COOH) 2 /prGO membranes for organic dyes (98.2 ± 1.7% for negatively charged congo red and 92.55 ± 2.5% for positively charged methylene blue) were exhibited. Moreover, the rejection for heavy metal ions also can be efficiently improved up to 96.5–83.1% for Cu 2+ and 92.6–80.4% for Cd 2+ , indicating the positive effect of the electrostatic interaction on the nanochannels for ions. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that novel UiO-66-(COOH) 2 /prGO membranes have great potential application in water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology has great potential in water purification. However, the limitations such as aggregation and toxicity of nanomaterials have blocked their practical application. In this work, a novel copper nanoparticles-decorated graphene sponge (Cu-GS) was synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method. Cu-GS consisting of three-dimensional (3D) porous graphene network and well-dispersed Cu nanoparticles exhibited high antibacterial efficiency against Esherichia coli when used as a bactericidal filter. The morphological changes determined by scanning electron microscope and fluorescence images measured by flow cytometry confirmed the involvement of membrane damage induced by Cu-GS in their antibacterial process. The oxidative ability of Cu-GS and intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined to elucidate the possible antibacterial mechanism of Cu-GS. Moreover, the concentration of released copper ions from Cu-GS was far below the drinking water standard, and the copper ions also have an effect on the antibacterial activity of Cu-GS. Results suggested that Cu-GS as a novel bactericidal filter possessed a potential application of water disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electron tunneling through a nonmagnetic heterostructure modulated by both the in-plane magnetic field and the δ -doping has been investigated in detail using the transfer-matrix method. The numerical results indicate that, in such a nonmagnetic device, one can obtain the considerable spin polarization which is dependent on the in-plane magnetic field and the δ -doping as well as the wave vector in the plane of the barrier. Thus, we can design the spintronic devices based on nonmagnetic heterostructures controlled by the in-plane magnetic field and the δ -doping as well as the wave vector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a scheme that can generate tunable magnomechanically induced amplification in a double-cavity parity-time-(PT -) symmetric-like magnomechanical system under a strong control and weak probe field. The system consists of a ferromagnetic-material yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere placed in a passive microwave cavity which is connected with another active cavity. We reveal that ideally induced amplification of the microwave probe signal may reach the maximum value 1 0 6 when cavity–cavity, cavity–magnon and magnomechanical coupling strengths are nonzero simultaneously. Besides, we also find the phenomenon of slow-light propagation. In this case, group speed delay of the light can achieve 3. 5 × 1 0 − 5 s , which can enhance some nonlinear effect. Moreover, due to the relatively flat dispersion curve, the proposal may be applied to sensitive optical switches, which play an important role in storing photons and quantum optical chips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We theoretically investigate the magnetoresistance (MR) effect in a monolayer graphene modulated by both magnetic and electrical barriers, which can be experimentally realized by depositing two parallel metallic ferromagnetic tripes under an applied voltage on the top and bottom of a graphene. The tremendous MR can be found due to the significant difference between the transmissions through the parallel and antiparallel magnetization configurations, and the MR ratio strongly depends on the strength of the magnetic field and the height of the electric barrier. Therefore, we can control the MR effect by changing either of the two magnetic fields or the electric barrier to make a MR device based on a graphene. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Xanthii Fructus (XF) is commonly called “Cang-Erzi” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and widely used for the treatment of sinusitis, headache, rheumatism, and skin itching. However, the clinical utilization of XF is relatively restricted owing to its toxicity. Aim of the study: To discover the characteristic potential biomarkers in rats treated with XF by urinary metabonomics. Materials and methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) was applied in the study. The total ion chromatograms obtained from control and different dosage groups were distinguishable by a multivariate statistical analysis method. Results: The greatest difference in metabolic profile was observed between high dosage group and control group, and the metabolic characters in rats treated with XF were perturbed in a dose-dependent manner. The metabolic changes in response for XF treatment were observed in urinary samples, which were revealed by orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA), and 10 metabolites could be served as the potential toxicity biomarkers. In addition, the mechanism associated with the damages of lipid per-oxidation and the metabolic disturbances of fatty acid oxidation were investigated. Conclusions: These results indicate that metabonomics analysis in urinary samples may be useful for predicting the toxicity induced by XF. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: The purpose was to develop a rabbit model of intimal hyperplasia with controllable lesion. Methods: Following 1 week of a 2% cholesterol diet, 32 New Zealand White male rabbits underwent right femoral arteries surgical perfusion with distilled water for 1, 3, 5, or 7 min (n=8/group). After a further 4 weeks of the same diet, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein were measured in all rabbits. Intimal hyperplasia in histological sections of arteries were assessed by intimal proliferation ratio. Macrophage numbers and levels of proteins matrix metalloproteinase 9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, and alpha smooth muscle actin in lesions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Serum lipids levels showed no statistical difference between experimental groups. Intimal proliferation ratio increased gradually with perfusion time, and a positive linear correlation was calculated between intimal proliferation ratio and duration of distilled water perfusion. Similarly, number of macrophages and levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, and alpha smooth muscle actin in lesions increased with perfusion time. Conclusions: A novel model of intimal hyperplasia was established by intravascular distilled water perfusion in high-cholesterol-fed rabbits. Importantly, this model exhibits time-dependent neointimal proliferation lesions that can be readily controlled in terms of extent, thus providing an avenue for further studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) has been widely used in industry and reported to induce delayed neurotoxicity in humans and animals. In addition, it is known to have a deleterious effect on the male reproductive system in animals, but the precise mechanism is yet to be elucidated. The present study shows that TOCP could disrupt the seminiferous epithelium in the mouse testis and decrease the sperm density in the epididymis in a dose-dependent manner. Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) was shown to exist in mouse spermatogenic cells, including spermatogonial stem cells and to be significantly inhibited by TOCP. Likewise, saligenin cyclic-o-tolyl phosphate (SCOTP), an activated metabolite of TOCP, markedly inhibited NTE activity in spermatogonial stem cells. Both inhibition of NTE activity by SCOTP and knockdown of NTE by shRNA remarkably inhibited cell proliferation. These results point to a role of NTE in regulating proliferation of mouse spermatogonial stem cells and provide a novel insight into the mechanism by which TOCP diminishes on the sperm number in the mouse testis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Three Bacillus species' (B. spp.) effects in Sillago sihama (S. sihama) were studied. • B. spp. improved growth, immune and antioxidant activities of S. sihama. • B. spp. enhanced the abundance of bacteria considered beneficial for gut health. • Dietary B. spp. inclusion enhanced the resistive capacity of S. sihama. • Paenibacillus polymyxa inclusion showed the best probiotic effects in S. sihama. The present study investigated the effects of three probiotic strains viz. Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 (BC), Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 11946 (BL), and Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842 (PP) on growth, immune response and antioxidant enzyme activities, intestinal microbiota, and resistance against isolated Vibrio harveyi HY99 in juvenile northern whiting fish, Sillago sihama. Three hundred and sixty juvenile S. sihama fish (initial weight 0.67 ± 0.002 g) stocked in 12 fiberglass tanks were fed with basal diet void of probiotic inclusion (control, B0), and BC, BL, and PP at 1012 CFU kg−1 feed. After the 56-day experimental period, regardless of the probiotic strain used, there were significant increase (P < 0.05) in the survival rate, final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index; crude protein, crude lipid content in the whole body; superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutathione peroxidase levels in the liver and a significant decrease in the feed conversion ratio; aspartate aminotransaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, malondialdehyde levels in the liver (P < 0.05) of the probiotic treated group than the untreated. Congruently, a significantly high (P < 0.05) intestinal villi height, villi width, crypt depth, and muscle thickness, were detected in the probiotic treated groups than the control with the PP group experiencing the highest. Probiotics' supplementations in diets also revealed a significantly high (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Proteobacteria than the control group contrast to as observed in Firmicutes. Additionally, the PP and BL groups were found to have a significant (P < 0.05) increase in Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonadetes abundance than the BC and B0 groups. At the genus level, all fish supplemented with probiotic diet had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower abundance of some purportedly pathogenic genera such as Enterovibrio and Shewanella as well as significantly (P < 0.05) higher abundance of purportedly beneficial genera such as Ruegeria , Phyllobacterium , Sphingomonas , and Lactobacillus. Challenge with V. harveyi in a 14-day study revealed highly significant (P < 0.05) protection of probiotic groups than the control; thus, the B0, BC, BL, and PP groups obtained 78 %, 58 %, 53 %, and 43 % cumulative mortality, respectively. Collectively, these results suggest that dietary supplementation of probiotics viz. BC, BL, and PP at 1012 CFU kg−1 feed exert positive effects; however, PP at a similar dosage is recommended due to its highest improvement in the growth, immune response, antioxidant activities, intestinal health, and disease resistance against V. harveyi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By adopting Holmes and Collins'(2001) PETTLEP imagery approach, we used participants' individual videos of successful basketball shooting to examine the effects of internal and external imagery on basketball players' 3-point shot. We sampled 49 intermediate level college basketball players (males = 26, M age = 21; females = 23, M age = 20) and assigned them into internal imagery (n = 15), external imagery (n = 14) and control groups (n = 20). Using a quasi-experimental design, experimental groups participated in an 8-week visualized PETTLEP imagery training plus physical training, but the control group only participated in physical training. The two-way ANOVA mixed design statistical analyses found the two visualized PETTLEP groups not only performed better than pretest, but also performed better than the control group after training. However, there was no difference between internal imagery and external imagery on basketball 3-point shot performance. We concluded that the characteristics of the motor task and participants' skill level may influence the efficacy of the imagery perspective on performance. Theoretical implications, limitations, future research directions, and applications are discussed. • An 8-week visualized PETTLEP imagery can improve intermediate-level college basketball players' 3-point shot performance. • The benefits of the visualized PETTLEP imagery on basketball players' 3-point shot can be gained from either an internal or external perspective. • Using performers' own successful performance for imagery intervention is recommended to gain the best results of the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]