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• Functional and psychological factors mediate the relationship between vision impairment and self-rated health in older adults, and that different mediating pathways exist in older adults in residential care institutions versus those living in the community. • Perceived usefulness was identified as a mediator for community-dwelling older adults with severe VI, while it was a significant mediator for older adults in residential care institutions with both moderate and severe VI. • It is necessary to consider the living situation when developing interventions to improve self-rated health in older adults with vision impairment. The objective of this study was to examine the mediating roles of functional and psychological factors on the relationship between vision impairment (VI) and self-rated health (SRH) in older adults in residential care institutions versus those living in the community. A cross-sectional survey study. We obtained data for this study from the public Long-term Care Insurance (LTCI) database of Yiwu, Zhejiang province, China. Our data included adults aged ≥ 60 years who had received the qualification assessment from September through December 2018. In total, 2,427 elderly individuals were included for analysis, including 747 older adults in residential care institutions and 1,680 older adults living in the community. VI and SRH were measured using participants' self-reported information. Potentially relevant functional and psychological factors were assessed using LTCI qualification assessment data, including self-care activities, mobility, incontinence, perceived usefulness, perceived fatigue, and perceived interest. The Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method was used to examine whether functional and psychological factors mediated the relationship between VI and SRH and to calculate the mediated percentage among older adults. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, all functional and psychological factors except mobility mediated the effect of severe VI on SRH in older adults living in the community. For older adults living in residential care institutions, self-care activities, mobility, and perceived usefulness mediated the effects of both moderate and severe VI on SRH, while perceived fatigue and perceived interest mediated the effect of severe VI on SRH. The findings of this study support the idea that functional and psychological factors mediate the relationship between vision impairment and self-rated health in older adults, and that different mediating pathways exist between older adults in residential care institutions and those living in the community. Our research highlights the importance of developing tailored interventions for visually impaired older adults through an integrative model to improve their overall well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • EPA and DHA have similar inhibitory effects on colon tumor formation in obese mice. • EPA and DHA solidifying the intestinal mucosal barrier by rebalancing intestinal microbiota. • EPA and DHA suppress inflammatory signaling pathways, and blocking pro-carcinogenic pathway. • EPA and DHA suppress colon tumor by modulating the gut flora and mitigating inflammation. Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and is recognized as a cancer risk. While EPA and DHA combat inflammation associated with obesity, their effects on obesity-linked intestinal tumors requires further study. This study used the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) model in mice made obese by a high-fat diet to assess the effects of EPA and DHA on tumorigenesis. The results showed that obesity aggravates colon tumor development in mice, yet both EPA and DHA significantly suppressed tumor formation in the obese murine colon. EPA and DHA altered the intestinal epithelium's fatty acid profile, enhancing its anti-inflammatory properties. Both treatments led to a decrease in the pro-inflammatory Desulfovibrio , while EPA specifically increased probiotic Parasutterella and decreased mucus- destroying Bacteroides. In conclusion, EPA and DHA have inhibitory effects on colon tumor formation in obese mice, primarily by modulating the gut flora and inhibiting inflammation in the colon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Eight tissues and organs of mice have obvious tissue selectivity for n-3 PUFA including three brain regions and five peripheral tissues/organs (tongue, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, kidney, and heart). • The tongue has a great selectivity for n-3 PUFA. • n-3 PUFA interventions led to a significantly decreased arachidonic acid level in the n-3 PUFA-enriched peripheral organs, including the kidney, quadriceps, and the tongue. • Peripheral organs enriched with n-3 PUFA are more sensitive to EPA interventions and are more likely to be affected by dietary EPA. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 n3), are of concern for their health-promoting effects such as anti-inflammatory, but the tissue selectivity for n-3 PUFA (i.e., which tissues and organs are rich in n-3 PUFA) is still not well known. In addition, it is unclear which tissues and organs are more sensitive to n-3 PUFA intervention. These unresolved issues have greatly hindered the exploring of the health benefits of n-3 PUFA. Twenty-four 7-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were assigned to the control, fish oil, DHA, and EPA groups. The last three groups were given a 4-week oral intervention of fatty acids in ethyl ester (400 mg/kg bw). The fatty acid profiles in 27 compartments were determined by gas chromatography. The proportion of long-chain n-3 PUFA (the total relative percentage of EPA, DPA n3, and DHA) was analyzed. Eight tissues and organs, including the brain (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus) and peripheral organs (tongue, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, kidney, and heart) were determined as being n-3 PUFA-enriched tissues and organs, owing to their high n-3 PUFA levels. The highest n-3 PUFA content was observed in the tongue for the first time. Notably, the content of linoleic acid (LA; C18:2 n6c) in peripheral organs was observed to be relatively high compared with that in the brain. Interestingly, the proportions of EPA in the kidney, heart, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and tongue increased more markedly after the EPA intervention than after the DHA or fish oil intervention. As expected, the levels of proinflammatory arachidonic acid (AA; C20:4 n6) in the kidney, quadriceps, and tongue were markedly decreased after the three dietary interventions. Peripheral tissues and organs, including the tongue, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, kidney, and heart, besides the brain, showed obvious tissue selectivity for n-3 PUFA. In the whole body of mice, the tongue exhibits the strongest preference for n-3 PUFA, with the highest proportion of n-3 PUFA. Moreover, these peripheral tissues and organs, especially the kidney, are more sensitive to dietary EPA administration in comparison with the brain. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An overdose of acetaminophen (APAP), the main cause of acute liver failure (ALF), induces oxidative stress that ultimately causes mitochondrial impairment and hepatotoxicity. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was widely recognized as an anti-oxidative stress mechanism. The present study was aimed at investigating whether sarmentosin, extract from traditional Chinese medicine, protects the liver against APAP-induced injury via activating Nrf2 and subsequently decreasing oxidative stress.Methods: Male ICR mice were treated with sarmentosin oral administration for 1 week and injected APAP (300 mg/kg. i.p.) for acute liver injury model. The liver and serum of mice for histological and biochemistry analysis. AML12 and LO2 cells were used in vitro assays.Results: We found that sarmentosin moderately increased accumulation of Nrf2 via upregulating USP17-mediated ubiquitin inhibition at the early stage of hepatocytes damage. The Nrf2 separating from bonding protein Keap1 translocated into nucleus and activated downstream gene of antioxidants. Mitophagy, a unique autophagy can remove Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) damaged mitochondria, was elevated in this progress to maintain mitochondria function and ROS homeostasis.Conclusion: In summary, our research revealed that sarmentosin could alleviate APAP-induced liver acute injury through USP17-mediated Nrf2 overexpression and PINK1-dependent mitophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]