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Management of patients with autoimmune disease can present a challenge for clinicians. Combinations of autoimmune disorders carry a worse prognosis and are often difficult to diagnose. Evans syndrome is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by the concurrent presentation of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. This paper reports the first case of the dental management of a young patient with Evans, discusses the current literature surrounding the differential diagnosis and treatment of Evans syndrome, and suggests a guide for the oral medicine, pediatric dentist, or hospital dental clinician when treating these patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Periodic fever syndromes in children can present with orofacial manifestations which contribute to the formulation of a differential diagnosis. Because of the early onset of oral lesions in these syndromes, the oral medicine practitioner may be required to assist in their diagnosis and management. The periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome has been classified as a type of periodic fever syndrome occurring in early childhood. This article presents a review of the published literature on this entity and summarizes current therapeutic options. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]