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There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines for the administration methods of ceftriaxone in emergency departments (EDs), resulting in the reliance on individual institutional protocols for decision-making. This study was performed to compare the effects of administering ceftriaxone via intravenous push (IVP) and intravenous piggyback (IVPB) on 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. This was a retrospective study of patients aged 18 years or older with sepsis or septic shock who visited an ED and were treated with ceftriaxone as an initial antibiotic between March 2010 and February 2019. Patients were divided into the IVP group and the IVPB group based on the administration method. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between antibiotic administration methods and 28-day mortality. During the study period, a total of 939 patients were included in the final analysis, and the overall mortality rate was 12.2%. The antibiotic administration time was significantly lower in the IVP group than in the IVPB group, and the rates of antibiotic administration within 1 h and within 3 h were higher in the IVP group than in the IVPB group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups (hazard ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 0.69–1.65). IVP administration of ceftriaxone reduced the time of antibiotic administration compared with IVPB, but there was no difference in 28-day mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This research aimed to compare the estimation error of the root axis using 3-dimensional (3D) tooth models at the midtreatment stage between the whole-surface scan (WSS) and lingual-surface scan (LSS) methods.Methods: The sample consisted of 208 teeth (26 each of central incisors, canines, second premolars, and first molars in the maxillary and mandibular dentition) from 13 patients whose pre- and midtreatment intraoral scan and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were available. The 3D tooth models were constructed by merging the intraoral-scan crowns and the CBCT-scan roots obtained at the pretreatment stage. To estimate the root axis at the midtreatment stage, we superimposed the individual 3D tooth models onto the midtreatment intraoral scan obtained by the WSS and LSS methods. The midtreatment CBCT scan was used as the gold standard to determine the real root axis. The estimated root axis in terms of mesiodistal angulation and buccolingual inclination was measured in the WSS and LSS methods, and statistical analysis was performed.Results: The estimation errors of the mesiodistal angulation and buccolingual inclination were <2.0° in both methods. The LSS method demonstrated a statistically larger but clinically insignificant estimation error than the WSS method in the mandibular canine (mesiodistal angulation, 1.95° vs 1.62°) and the total tested teeth (mesiodistal angulation, 1.40° vs 1.29°; buccolingual inclination, 1.51° vs 1.41°).Conclusions: Because the estimation errors of the root axis angle using the 3D tooth model by the WSS and LSS methods were within the clinically acceptable range, the root axis can be estimated by both methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study investigated to compare lipid profiles in ordinary and dark muscles from chub mackerel and to examine antiproliferative and antioxidative properties of lipid classes. The average levels of neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), and phospholipids (PL) in ordinary muscle were 92.32±0.19%, 5.10±0.48%, and 2.58±0.46%; in dark muscle were 96.88±0.15%, 2.59±0.36%, and 0.54±0.29%, respectively. The fatty acid composition indicated that PL had a higher percentage of PUFA (especially 22:6n−3) with lower percentages of SFA and MUFA compared to NL and GL (p < 0.05). The main ion peaks of GL in ordinary and dark muscles showed that monocharged and bischarged molecular ion were presented at m/z 876.9 and 438.8, respectively. In MTT assay, inhibition of AGS and HT-29 cell proliferation was greatest with the 0.5 and 1.0mgmL−1 GL treatments. The GL of ordinary muscle with 0.05mgmL−1 concentrations markedly decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2O2 compared to the control (p < 0.05). From our results, GL might have antiproliferative and antioxidant properties based on protective effect against the production of intracellular ROS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: Dietary factors contribute to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, a disorder associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and some cancers. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the intake frequencies of certain food groups, eating habits, and the risk of metabolic syndrome in a cross-sectional study of Korean men. Methods: Study participants were recruited from the National Cancer Center in South Korea. A total of 7,081 men aged 30 years and older were recruited between August 2002 and May 2007. Metabolic syndrome was defined as having three or more of the following conditions: obesity, high blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, high triglyceride level, and high fasting blood glucose level. The association of metabolic syndrome and sociodemographic characteristics, food intake frequencies, and eating habits assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, was examined. Results: The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome for men aged 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, and 60+ years was 18.2%, 19.8%, 21.9%, and 20.5%, respectively. The study participants with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (27.6% vs 21.6%, P<0.001), and were more likely to be current smokers (50.1% vs 45.3%, P=0.005) than their counterparts. Among food group items, participants with metabolic syndrome showed significantly higher intake of seaweed (odds ratio [OR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05 to 1.50), and oily foods (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.57) than participants without metabolic syndrome. In addition, the group with metabolic syndrome was more likely to eat quickly (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.12 for fast vs slow) and to overeat frequently (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.85 to 3.05 for more than 4 times a week vs less than once a week). Conclusions: The results suggest that high intake of seaweed and oily foods as well as eating habits such as eating faster and frequent overeating, are associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome. In contrast, high fruit intake may be associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome. The importance of dietary habits in metabolic syndrome development needs to be pursued in further studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The relationship between the time of intake of docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)] and maze behavior in mice was studied. Male Crj:CD-1 mice (3 mo old) were fed a diet containing 2 g DHA-ethyl ester/100 g diet plus 3 g palm oil/100 g diet (DHA-EE group) or a diet containing 5 g palm oil/100 g diet (control group) for different periods of time. Maze-learning ability was assessed at 1 and 2 wk and 1 and 3 mo after the start of the control and experimental diets. In each maze-learning test, the time required to reach the maze exit and the number of times that a mouse strayed into blind alleys in the maze were measured in three trials, one every 4 d. After the last learning test in each trial, all mice were killed and the fatty acid compositions of plasma and brain lipids were determined. There were no significant differences in the results of the maze-learning tests between mice fed the diets at 1 or 2 wk in any of the three trials. After 1 and 3 mo, the DHA-EE diet groups required less time (P < 0.05) to reach the maze exit and strayed into blind alleys fewer times (P< 0.05) than did the control diet groups during trial 3. Significantly greater DHA levels were observed in the plasma and brain total lipids of the mice fed the DHA-EE diet after 2 wk, compared with those fed the control diet (P < 0.05), which was compensated for by lower arachidonic acid [20:4 (n-6)] levels. There were no significant differences in brain DHA levels among mice fed the DHA-EE diet for 2 wk, 1 mo, or 3 mo. Improved maze-learning ability after DHA intake was evident at 1 mo after the start of feeding and were maintained up to 3 mo, whereas the increased DHA levels in brain were apparent after feeding for just 2 wk. These results suggest that it may take time after the incorporation of DHA into the brain for improvement in learning ability to occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]