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The Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, responsible for encoding an enzyme crucial in the metabolism of catecholamines, is known to play a significant role in pain perception. Polymorphisms within this gene, particularly the COMT rs4680 genotypes, have been linked to various acute pain phenotypes. This prospective cohort study examines interactions among the genetic polymorphism COMT rs4680 genotypes, preoperative knee pain, and pain catastrophizing in chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) at 3, 6, and 12 months post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A total of 280 patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA participated, sharing demographic details, preoperative knee pain levels, psychological variables (pain catastrophizing), and COMT rs4680 genotyping via venous blood samples. Telephone interviews at specified intervals enabled the application of binary logistic regressions and interaction models. Significant influences of preoperative knee pain and pain catastrophizing on postsurgical outcomes were observed. Specifically, at the first time point (T1, 3 months post-TKA), a notable moderation effect was identified in preoperative knee pain (R2 change = 0.026, p = 0.026). The Johnson–Neyman regions of significance (RoS) indicated these moderation effects were significant above a threshold of 17.18 (p = 0.05), accounting for 26.4%. At the third time point (T3, 12 months post-TKA), a complex three-way interaction among genotypes (GG, GA, and AA carriers) was evident, resulting in an R2 change of 0.051 (p = 0.009). Here, the RoS for pain catastrophizing was above 32.74 for 30.5% of GG genotype carriers, above 22.38 for 50.8% of GA carriers, and below 11.94 for 63.2% of AA carriers. This study illuminates the significant role of the COMT Val158Met rs4680 polymorphism in susceptibility to prolonged pain following TKA. It also elucidates how these genetic genotypes interplay with preoperative knee pain and pain catastrophizing. Such intricate genetic-psychological-pain relationships necessitate additional investigation to confirm these findings and potentially guide post-TKA pain management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are widely used as a novel kind of sustainable energy harvesting technique. The materials used for TENGs are diverse that include polymers, metals, inorganic and composite materials, etc. However, most of these materials are not recyclable and thus may potentially cause environmental problems. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and discuss sustainable TENGs based on recyclable materials that are largely in line with the sustainable development of our society. Specifically, this review summarizes the current progress in recycled materials based TENGs (RM-TENGs), involving the design, fabrication, evaluation and application of TENGs that are made from recycled materials. First, the current recycling methods for recycled materials are overviewed and the basic procedures in practice are outlined. Then, the energy harvesting and sensing applications of RM-TENGs are critically reviewed and discussed under different classifications of recycled materials. Their potential applications are also demonstrated. Finally, we provide perspectives on the challenges and potential solutions associated with the next-generation recycled-material based TENGs. Using recycled materials to fabricate TENG can break through the existing material limitations of TENGs, and more importantly, create a high level of sustainability by generating sustainable and renewable energies from waste materials. [Display omitted] • A review on recycled materials based TNEGs (RM-TENGs) is presented. • The fundaments, advances and challenges of RM-TENGs are analyzed. • The development of recycled materials in TENGs is summarized. • Challenges and perspectives of RM-TENGs are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are green energy devices that can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. However, lower output power density currently hinders its realistic applications. Introducing functional materials into dielectric polymers layer is an efficient approach to enhance TENG output. Herein, a low-cost, biocompatible Prussian blue analog (K x Mn[FeCN) 6 ] y ·zH 2 O, MnFePBA) is proposed as a functional component for high-performance hybrid tribomaterials of TENGs. Numerous highly polar C N groups found in MnFePBA can interact dipole-dipole with the C-F bond in PVDF, promoting the formation of electroactive β-phase PVDF and enhancing the capacity for charge induction and charge capture. Simultaneously, the weak interface fusion between the inorganic material and the organic polymer can be improved as the O-H bond in MnFePBA can establish a stronger hydrogen bond with the C-F bond in PVDF. Additionally, high dielectric MnFePBA can enhance the dielectric properties of PVDF/MnFePBA to boost the TENG output. Consequently, the PVDF/MnFePBA can achieve evidently increased short-circuit current of 31.2 µA, output voltage of 1580 V and ultra-high power density of 12.8 W/m2 (4 ×4 cm2). Moreover, the assembled TENG could also be efficiently utilized for human motion capture and sensing applications. This work enriches the range of functional components for high-performance tribomaterials of TENGs. [Display omitted] • MnFePBA is proposed a functional component for hybrid tribomaterials of TENGs. • MnFePBA can form hydrogen bond and dipole-dipole interaction with PVDF. • MnFePBA increases dielectric constant and promotes the formation of β-phase PVDF. • Ultra-high TENG output is achieved by matched dipoles of PVDF/MnFePBA and PAN/FCNT. • Promising applications in biomechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing demand for the sustainable energy supply of portable wearable electronic devices has recently attracted much attention. The emergence of an environmentally friendly, renewable, and sustainable energy-supplying triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) provides new potential and promising solution. However, it requires excellent structural stability and superior properties in practical applications. In this paper, a novel flexible corrugated triboelectric nanogenerator (C-TENG) with incredible elasticity, excellent durability and output performance for efficient energy harvesting and self-powered sensing has been designed and developed. For enhancement of electric performance, a study has also been carried out for investigating different structural parameters for the optimized performance of C-TENGs. The as-made C-TENGs have shown excellent and stable electric performance, outstanding mechanical durability and washing capability. The highly self-resilient structure of C-TENG enables its open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and power density to reach 480 V, 137 μA and 486 μW/cm2, respectively. Furthermore, the functional applications of C-TENG as smart insoles and intelligent carpets have been demonstrated. An intelligent system has also been developed to detect human motion and monitor people's stream scale on the intelligent carpet. This study proposes a new perspective for the structural design of TENGs and advanced applications in intelligent sensing. [Display omitted] • Flexible corrugated triboelectric nanogenerators (C-TENG) are designed. • C-TENG has incredible elasticity, excellent durability and abrasion resistance. • Power density of C-TENG can reach up to 486 μW/cm2 with 480 V and 137 μA. • C-TENG can light up 700 LEDs in one contact-separation cycle. • Self-powered intelligent wireless system is designed for human motion monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which can harvest low-frequency mechanical energy from human activities, are potential for wearable electronics, especially textile-based TENGs. Besides triboelectric performance, wearable comfort, like air permeability, is crucial for wearable electronics. However, the textile-based TENGs integrated with high performance and wearable comfort still remain challenging. Here, we construct the open porous architected PDMS coatings on fabric for breathable fabric-based TENG (oPF-TENG) based on the synergistic effect of insoluble NaCl, DBP and soluble silicone oil. The open porous structure constitutes the airflow channel with the air permeability of ∼73 mm/s. Meanwhile, the porous structure and the PVDF filler enhance the triboelectric output. The open circuit voltage, short circuit current and power density of oPF-TENG reach ∼600 V, ∼15 μA and 5.67 W/m2, respectively. The as-made oPF-TENG with good air permeability and triboelectric output can not only contribute to the human body energy harvesting but also show potential for wearable self-powered sensing. [Display omitted] • A breathable fabric-based TENG with open-porous PDMS coatings was designed. • Synergistical effect of pore-forming agents contributes open porous structures. • Open porous structure enhances both the triboelectric output and air permeability. • The oPF-TENG integrates stable triboelectric performance and wearable comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accompanying the boom in smart wearable electronics, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as burgeoning mechanical-to-electrical harvesters have drawn expanding interest. In this study, a kind of novel flexible, high-output TENGs with PAN/FCNT as tribopositive layer and PVDF/PDMS/TiO 2 as tribonegative layer have been designed and developed. For a synergistic effect, PAN and PVDF possessing strongly polar -C N and -F groups are handpicked as dielectric hosts to ensure maximum charge induction and triboelectrification. Highly conductive FCNT is introduced into the insulated PAN tribopositive layer, serving as the charge transport path to reduce surface charge loss. Additional PDMS is beneficial to strengthen the triboelectronegativity of PVDF tribonegative layer, and engaged as the charge trapping sites to diminish electro-discharge in air. TiO 2 is employed as filler to build an inorganic-organic (TiO 2 -PVDF/PDMS) composite dielectric layer because of its triple functions of potent electron capture, high dielectric constant, and promoting the formation of electroactive β-phase PVDF. Meanwhile, the hydrogen bonds between PVDF, TiO 2 with semi-crosslinked PDMS can stabilize interface and enhance friction output. Consequently, the assembled TENGs exhibit an ultra-high peak-to-peak voltage of 2088 V and a maximum output power of 7.2 W/m2, which shows promising applications in energy supplying and self-powered sensing fields. [Display omitted] Table of Contents PAN and PVDF possessing strongly polar -C N and -F groups are handpicked as dielectric hosts to ensure maximum charge induction and triboelectrification. For positive tribo-layer, highly conductive FCNT is introduced into the insulated PAN, serving as the charge transport path to reduce surface charge loss. For negative tribo-layer, the added organic PDMS is beneficial to strengthen the triboelectronegativity, and doped inorganic TiO 2 has the triple functions of potent electron capture and high dielectric constant, and promoting the formation of electroactive β-phase PVDF. It is demonstrated that adding inorganic and organic fillers simultaneously can have a greater synergistic enhancement effect on the magnification of TENG output. • FCNT is filled into the PAN tribopositive layer as the charge transport path. • PDMS is introduced to reinforce the electronegativity of PVDF tribonegative layer. • TiO 2 is employed as an inorganic filler to be potent electron capture sites. • TiO 2 facilitate the formation of highly polar crystalline β-phase PVDF nanofibers. • Intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed between PVDF, TiO 2 and semi-crosslinked PDMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-powered electronic textiles (e-textiles) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been explored for the development of energy-harvesting facilities which provide sustainable power supplements for portable, wearable, and low-energy electronics. However, it requires the features of excellent structural stability and superior capability in sensing applications. In this study, we present and develop a new kind of fabric-rebound triboelectric nanogenerator (FR-TENG) that could be used for efficient energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. For improvement of electric performance, a systematic study has also been carried out to investigate various structural parameters for the property optimization of FR-TENGs. The as-made FR-TENG has shown stable electric performance in energy harvesting, cyclic washing capability, and mechanical durability. The full-textile structure of FR-TENG enhances its adaptability and rebound ability, and the open-circuit voltage, short circuit current and power density of the FR-TENG reach up to 418.09 V , 65.85 μ A and 199.14 μ W ⋅ cm − 2 , respectively. Furthermore, the FR-TENGs are used as smart carpets to build up a self-powered, wireless and intelligent system for monitoring human motions. This study proposes a new perspective for an all-textile TENGs and shows the advanced human-machine software interface in sensing applications. A fabric-rebound triboelectric nanogenerator with loops and layered structure, ultra-flexibility and structural integrity, cyclic washability and excellent durability is designed, developed and optimized, which creates a natural stable contact-separation space to support itself with good compression resilience, showing enhanced electric performance in energy harvesting and improved sensing capacity in intelligent, wireless, and self-powered carpet system for human motion monitoring. [Display omitted] • Design of fabric-rebound triboelectric nanogenerator with loops/layered structures. • Studying the electric performance, cyclic washability, and mechanical durability. • The full-textile structure has superior adaptability and rebound ability. • Application in powering low-energy electronics harvested from mechanical energy. • Demonstration of self-powered intelligent wireless system for motion monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With rapid advancement in wearable electronics, textile-based triboelectric nanogenerators (T-TENGs) have attracted great attention for energy harvesting and bio-motion sensing because of their softness, lightweight, and comfort properties. However, the interface bonding between functional materials and textile substrate, and the compatibility with manufacturing still face considerable challenges. Herein, a kind of scalable core–spun coating yarn-based triboelectric nanogenerators (CSCY-TENGs) with a hierarchical architecture is designed and developed via continuous manufacturing which integrates yarn spinning, coating and braiding technologies to achieve fully continuous production. In this method, spinning technology was used to spin a kind of conductive core-spun yarns with silver-plated nylon yarn (SNY) as core and insulating cotton fibers as shell, where SNY serves as electrode and cotton fibers serve as base materials for absorbing/coating with triboelectric materials. Then multiple core-spun yarns coated with nylon and doped polydimethylsiloxane are used as positive and negative triboelectric materials to realize hierarchical CSCY-TENGs by braiding technology. The CSCY-TENGs can be washed and compatible with industrial-scale manufacturing. Besides, it can achieve an output voltage of 174 V, and a peak power density and an average power density of 275 mW/m2 and 57 mW/m2 respectively. As demonstration, the CSCY-TENG can charge various commercial capacitors and power low-power electronics. It can also be used as an anti-theft alarm carpet and energy harvesting shoes for bio-motion detection and energy harvesting. [Display omitted] A new kind of scalable core–spun coating yarn-based triboelectric nanogenerators with a hierarchical architecture, good flexibility and washability was designed and realized by utilizing core-spun yarn with silver-plated nylon yarn as core and insulating cotton fibers as shell, where silver-plated nylon yarn serves as electrode and cotton fibers serves as base materials for absorbing/coating with nylon as positive triboelectric materials and doped polydimethylsiloxane as negative triboelectric materials by yarn spinning, coating and braiding technology for achieving fully continuous production, and its promising potentials for wearable energy harvesting and sensing applications were demonstrated. • Design of core–spun coating yarn-based TENGs with hierarchical structure; • Integration of scalable technologies to achieve fully continuous production; • Studying various influential factors on the output electric performance; • Application potentials for biomechanical energy harvesting and bio-motion sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout more than ten years of observations, strong dense fog (SDF) (visibility < 200 m) and extremely dense fog (EDF) (visibility < 50 m) often occurred in the central and eastern regions of China. This could lead to serious traffic accidents. This review summarizes the research results of dense fog in China, including the burst reinforcement features of strong dense fog (SDF) formation, the microphysical process of the fog body enhancement, the causes of burst reinforcement and the characteristics of the boundary layer structure. There are also remarks about fog dissipations. The research results show that there are still many important scientific problems to be solved about dense fog. These are briefly introduced at the end of this paper. • Dense fog researches in China is summarized. • The Burst Reinforcement feature of strong dense fog are reviewed. • The microphysical process of dense fog burst reinforcement are presented. • The prospects of important scientific problems about dense fog are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MoO 3 could be a promising high capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, its applications have been hindered by its poor electronic conductivity. To address these issues, in this work, H x MoO 3 @C nanobelts were synthesized by mild hydrothermal treatment of precursor MoO 3 nanobelts only with the assistance of glucose and ethanol. Subsequently, a catalysis-insertion model was proposed to describe the formation of H x MoO 3 nanobelts. When tested as LIBs anodes, the superior reversible capacities of LIBs anodes were realized from H x MoO 3 @C nanobelts. The H x MoO 3 @C nanobelts electrode exhibited superior reversible capacity of 480 mAh g −1 retained at 200 mA g −1 after 100 cycles, and a superior rate capacity of 337 mAh g −1 retained after 100 cycles at 500 mA g −1 . The superior performance achieved in H x MoO 3 @C nanobelts anode system are attributed to the synergistic effect of the conductive H x MoO 3 , the enlargement of interplanar spacing and uniform carbon coating shell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant mixtures can enhance soil quality and optimize ecosystem carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) (C:N:P) stoichiometry to support sustainable production; yet this hypothesis has not been thoroughly examined in mixed plantations containing N-fixing tree species (N-fixers). Introduced N-fixers are often used as alternatives to N fertilization in forest plantations but may potentially disrupt the ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometric balance. Here, we compared the effects of N fertilization (100 kg N ha−1 year−1) and the introduction of an N-fixer (Dalbergia odorifera) into Eucalyptus plantations on the C:N:P stoichiometry across soil, microorganisms, enzymes, and leaves and roots. The experiment was organized into a randomized complete block design (n = 5) and lasted five years. N fertilization generally caused an imbalance in ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometry except for the microbial biomass C:N ratio. Introduced the N-fixers decreased the soil C:N ratio and increased the C:P and N:P ratios, whereas the other pools of C:N:P stoichiometry remained unchanged. Two meta-analyses further verified these findings, reinforcing the idea that mixed plantations with N-fixers, as a substitute for N fertilization, can help maintain ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometry to support sustainable production. Comparing the effects of N fertilization and introduced N-fixers using structural equation modeling approach underscored the importance of plant-microbial interactions in maintaining the balance of ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometry. This, in turn, can provide government and policymakers with compelling evidence for a nature-based solution for sustainable plantation management. • N fertilization caused an imbalance C:N:P stoichiometry across plants, soil, microbes, and enzymes. • N-fixers Maintained C:N:P stoichiometry in plants, microbes, and enzymes, but not in soil. • N-fixers Enhanced the sustainable development of the plantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TPE-SFX enjoys typical AIE features and high solid-state fluorescence quantum yield. • It can be fabricated into fluorescent dots for explosive detection with good selectivity and rapid response. • It is utilized on filter paper for quantitative analysis of explosives for the first time. • The fluorescent filter paper can be regenerated through an environmentally benign method simply by washing with water. • The fluorescent filter paper enjoys good thermal stability, which can endure a high temperature up to 100 °C. The development of fluorescent sensors for explosive detection with high sensitivity is of great importance for antiterrorism and environmental protection. A new efficient AIE luminogen, abbreviated as TPE-SFX, is designed and synthesized. It enjoys typical AIE features and high solid-state fluorescence quantum yield. It can be fabricated into fluorescent dots for explosive detection with good selectivity and rapid response. The fluorescence quenching process and mechanism are investigated. Taking advantage of its high solid-state fluorescence efficiency, TPE-SFX is further utilized on filter paper as solid-state sensor. Through analysis of grayscale variation of fluorescence images, a simple and reliable method is developed for quantitative analysis of picric acid (PA) with a low detection limit to 0.12 nmol/cm2. It is the first report of efficient luminogen utilized on filter paper for quantitative analysis of explosives with high sensitivity. Moreover, the fluorescent filter paper can be regenerated through an environmentally benign method simply by washing with water. In addition, the fluorescent filter paper enjoys good thermal stability, which can endure a high temperature up to 100 °C. These good results will shed some light on the development of quantitative, sensitive, and portable devices for in situ explosive detection in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is desirable to find a numerical forecast model that can better simulate and forecast the evolution of radiation fog. Here, observations made on 21 December 2015 at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) are used to validate simulations from the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model and WRF nested Large-Eddy Simulation (WRF-LES) model. The WRF-LES model is significantly better than the WRF model at simulating various meteorological factors at the near-surface. Especially for the oscillation characteristics of meteorological factors, the WRF-LES model provides a more detailed and accurate description. The differences in the temporal evolution of visibility in the two models are evaluated during the radiation fog process. Compared with the WRF model, the fog onset time and the start of the strong phase predicted by the WRF-LES model are both more consistent with the actual situation. The temperature inversion (TI) layer from the WRF-LES model is lower than that of the WRF model, but its strength is closer to the observations. In addition, the WRF-LES model can better demonstrate the evolution of the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) over time in the life cycle of this radiation fog than the WRF model. Based on the simulation results of the TI structure and the PBLH, it is shown that improving the ability of the numerical model to predict the turbulent mixing intensity can improve its ability to predict radiation fog. Meteorological station data are combined with experimental data to evaluate the ability of the two models to simulate a horizontal fog area. Combining the four indices with the horizontal distribution of the simulated fog region, the WRF-LES model is shown to be more capable of predicting radiation fog than the WRF model. • WRF-LES model was used to simulate a radiation fog process with stable systems. • WRF-LES model has a stronger ability to simulate the oscillating evolution characteristics of meteorological elements. • WRF-LES model described the horizontal fog region distribution that is closer to the actual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeting histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for anti-inflammation and related biological pathways, including inflammatory events associated with the brain. In this study, in order to develop brain-permeable HDAC6 inhibitors for anti-neuroinflammation, we report here the design, synthesis, and characterization of a number of N -heterobicyclic analogues that can inhibit HDAC6 with high specificity and strong potency. Among our analogues, PB131 exhibits potent binding affinity and selectivity against HDAC6, with an IC 50 value of 1.8 nM and more than 116-fold selectivity over other HDAC isoforms. In addition, PB131 shows good brain penetration, binding specificity, and reasonable biodistribution through our positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies of [18F]PB131 in mice. Furthermore, we characterized the efficacy of PB131 on regulating neuroinflammation using the mouse microglia model BV2 cells in vitro and the LPS-induced inflammation mouse model in vivo. These data not only indicate the anti-inflammatory activity of our novel HDAC6 inhibitor PB131, but also strengthen the biological functions of HDAC6 and further extend the therapeutic approach inhibiting HDAC6. Our findings show that PB131 displays good brain permeability, high specificity, and strong potency toward inhibiting HDAC6 and is a potential HDAC6 inhibitor for inflammation-related disease treatment, especially neuroinflammation. [Display omitted] • A series of novel brain-permeable HDAC6 inhibitors were successfully synthesized and characterized. • Compound PB131 exhibited excellent binding affinity and selectivity against HDAC6. • PB131 exhibited good brain penetration and binding specificity in rodents in PET imaging studies. • PB131 showed good anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indole, an important signal molecule in both intraspecies and interspecies, regulates a variety of bacterial behaviors, but its regulatory mechanism is still unknown. Pantoea agglomerans YS19, a preponderant endophytic bacterium isolated from rice, does not produce indole, yet it senses exogenous indole. In this study, a mutant of YS19-Rp r whose target gene expression was downregulated by indole was selected through mTn5 transposon mutagenesis. Using the TAIL-PCR technique, the mutation gene was identified as a cytR homologue, which encodes a cytidine repressor (CytR) protein, a bacterial transcription factor involved in a complex regulation scheme. The negative regulation of indole in cytR , which is equivalent to the mutation in cytR , promotes the expression of a downstream gene deoC , which encodes the key enzyme deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase in participating in pentose metabolism. We found that DeoC is one of the regulatory proteins of P. agglomerans that is involved in counteracting starvation. Furthermore, the expression of deoC was induced by starvation conditions, accompanied by a decrease in cytR expression. This finding suggests that the indole signal and the mutation of cytR relieve inhibition of CytR in the transcription of deoC , facilitating better adaptation of the bacterium to the adverse conditions of the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inadequate immune response remains a critical cause of immunotherapy failure in various tumor treatments. Herein, we offer a new approach to achieve a cross-talk between innate and adaptive immune responses based on a new nanoplatform for photothermal therapeutics. The nanoplatform was formed by linking titanium carbide MXene with Mn2+-contained ovalbumin (OVA), where it can trigger efficient mt-DNA presentation and the release of OVA and Mn2+ upon the irradiation of near-infrared laser. More importantly, the released mt-DNA and Mn2+ synergistically activate innate immunity via the cGAS-stimulator of the interferon genes signaling pathway, and the OVA and protein antigens from tumor cells enhance adaptive immunity. Furthermore, in an osteosarcoma model, we observed that the proposed nanoplatform leads to the effective presentation of tumor antigens, which boost the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) to the hilt and thus improve the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocyte in primary and distant tumors. Collectively, our work not only demonstrates a method for constructing a new nanoplatform for photothermal therapeutics but also provides a general strategy for synchronously activating innate and adaptive immunities to promote the maturation of DCs for antimetastasis tumor therapy. Upon irradiation, tumor-derived antigen and mt-DNA release from dying tumors which recruits the DCs in situ. And TPOM NPs decompose into Mn2+ and OVA under NIR. Immature DCs (iDCs) would uptake the OVA and antigen which promote DCs maturation through the adaptive immunity. MtDNA and Mn2+ could stimulate innate immune response in iDCs by upregulating STING pathway to get activation. Eventually iDC cells transformed into mature DCs to activate T lymphocytes for anti-tumor and anti-mestastic immunotherapy. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variability of urban fog during the last 50 years in Anhui Province (China) and its possible underlying mechanisms are analyzed based on daily meteorological records from 78 stations. The effects of urban development and aerosols on fog formation are discussed through an analysis of trends in fog frequency and comparison with a number of meteorological parameters, coal consumption and vehicle usage as indicators of economic development and aerosol production, and visibility as an indicator of aerosol load. The impact of urbanization on fog is different at various stages of urban development. The number of annual fog days in most cities studied has increased since the 1960s but decreased after the mid 1980s in large, old cities. New cities, on the other hand, are characterized by still increasing fog frequency. During the last thirty years, fog dissipation time occurred later, average fog duration increased and visibility decreased at most urban stations. The annual total coal combustion of Anhui Province correlates negatively with the average visibility within fog and average annual fog frequency in old cities. The difference in minimum temperature between cities and towns is negatively (positively) correlated with fog frequency in old (new) cities. Our study therefore supports previous findings that the number of fog days in cities is influenced by increased (i) temperatures associated with urban development and (ii) aerosol concentration due to urban development and industrial activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Developing a biphasic scaffold that can concurrently regenerate both cartilage and bone of osteochondral defects (OCDs) is a challenge. Fish collagen (FC) is currently considered an alternative scaffold to mammalian collagen (MC) due to its safety, accessibility, lower price, and similar biological properties compared to those of MC. Here, we developed bilayer FC-based composite scaffolds with different components and pore sizes to modulate the differentiation fate of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs): chondroitin sulfate-incorporated FC scaffolds (FC-CS) with small pores (approximately 128 μm) as the top layer and hydroxyapatite-incorporated FC scaffolds (FC-HA) with larger pores (approximately 326 μm) as the bottom layer. Both the FC-CS and FC-HA scaffolds possessed good cytocompatibility, excellent water absorption, suitable biodegradability and high cell seeding efficiency. The in vitro results indicated that FC-CS and FC-HA promote chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of BMSCs, respectively, as validated by gene expression and histological examination. Furthermore, compared to the empty group in a rabbit OCD model, the bilayer scaffold significantly induced simultaneous regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone after 6 and 12 weeks of implantation, which was confirmed by gross, histological, and microcomputed tomography images. Our findings demonstrated that the FC-based bilayer scaffold is a promising scaffold for the repair of OCD. Unlabelled Image • We developed a novel bilayer FC-based scaffold with different components and pore sizes to modulate the differentiation fate of BMSCs. • The in vitro results showed that FC-CS and FC-HA have the ability to promote chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of BMSCs, respectively. • The bilayer scaffold significantly induced simultaneous regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone in rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]