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Present study aimed to explore adolescent depression trajectory during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of parental style on it. Five-wave data of adolescent sample in China mainland were collected, and the group-based trajectory modeling was used to examine the theory constructs. Findings showed that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there are four distinct patterns of change in depression symptoms over time, namely, resistance (72.3 %), recovery (15.3 %), increasing (6.7 %), chronic (5.7 %). Differences about the impact of parental style and grade on depression trajectory were found. Findings contribute to the knowledge of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression trajectory among general population, and parental style and grade should be considered in adolescent psychological intervention in the pandemic. • Adolescent's depression symptom during the pandemic was identified as four trajectories. • Father's emotion warmth was less likely to be associated with chronic group, and had larger impact on mother's. • High grade students were more likely to relate with resistance and recovery depression groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Methanol is prevalent in offshore logging gases but not onshore fields. • Methanol concentrations in offshore logging gases may exceed 1 vol%. • Methanol interferes with the analysis of other logging gas components. • There is no strong correlation between methanol and other logging gas components. Methanol infrared spectral characteristics in offshore gas logging. Methanol was found in the logging gases during offshore gas logging by infrared spectra. Logging gas spectra from over 300 offshore wells and 1,000 onshore wells were processed and analyzed, and methanol characteristics were prevalent in the offshore logging gases but not onshore logging gases. The spectra of instruments Alpha111829 and Alpha111834 are studied as examples. The methanol concentrations in some areas exceeded 1 vol%, seriously interfering with the other measurements of alkane gases. Moreover, there are rapid changes in the trends of methanol concentrations. It indicates that methanol does not originate from drilling fluid additives. The results of the correlation analysis show that there are no strong correlations between methanol and the other logging gas component concentrations. Therefore, methanol may be neither a judgmental indicator component gas for natural gas nor oil but a separate energy source. We believe methanol in the offshore logging gases originates from strata. The discovery and analysis of methanol in offshore logging gases are significant in atmospheric and marine environments, oil and gas exploration, geochemistry, and energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key points in the development of dry reforming of methane (DRM) is the design of catalysts with high activity and stability. The reactivity and carbon deposition properties of La 2 NiO 4 in DRM, as well as its regeneration performance, were studied. The results showed that the in-situ decomposition of La 2 NiO 4 led to a more uniform distribution of smaller Ni0 particles on the La 2 O 3 matrix compared with the directly loaded NiO/La 2 O 3. A temperature-programmed test revealed that the breakthrough curve temperature for La 2 NiO 4 in DRM was 618 °C. The carbon deposition would carry Ni0 metal away from the La 2 O 3 matrix, making the solid carbon unable to be removed promptly due to insufficient oxygen supply, resulting in an increase in the catalyst's instantaneous carbon deposition rate at 650 °C and 750 °C. The regeneration tests showed that the samples' DRM performance and carbon deposition levels remained relatively stable before and after steam regeneration. However, air-regenerated samples exhibited a hysteresis time in DRM due to sintering. Additionally, CO 2 was unable to completely remove carbon deposition from the samples, resulting in a significant increase in carbon deposition when regenerated samples were used for DRM. • La 2 NiO 4 could maintain high reactivity in DRM for its ability of obtaining finely dispersed Ni0 metal on the La 2 O 3 carrier. • There was a breakthrough curve temperature (618 °C) for La 2 NiO 4 in the DRM atmosphere. • The instantaneous carbon deposition rate of La 2 NiO 4 samples increased over time at 650 and 750 °C for DRM. • The steam was the most effective regeneration atmosphere to regenerate La 2 NiO 4 after the DRM reaction, followed by air and finally CO 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• La-Fe based perovskite-type oxide was proposed to be used for catalytic gasification of coal char with CO 2. • The K+ at A-site contributed to the formation of oxygen vacancies and high valence iron ions in perovskite improved its catalytic performance. • The modified perovskite could maintain its crystal structure during cyclic reactions. Coal catalytic gasification is an effective way to realize clean coal utilization. The core of this technology is the preparation of highly efficient and stable catalysts. At present, perovskite-type oxides have attracted increasing attention as a promising catalyst because of its good thermal stability and redox activity. In this study, perovskite-type oxides were proposed to act as catalyst for coal char CO 2 gasification, and K was further used for LaFeO 3 catalyst modification to improve its catalytic activity. The catalytic performances of La 1-x K x FeO 3 (x=0-0.9) were tested by thermogravimetric analysis and fixed-bed tube reactor. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the percentage content and valence state of surface elements were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the surface morphology of perovskite samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the specific surface area and average particle diameter were analyzed by N 2 absorption/desorption technology (BET) and laser particle size analyzer, respectively. Results suggested that the perovskite-type catalyst can effectively lowered the initial reaction temperature and exhibited improved catalytic activity after a part of La3+ at A-site was replaced by K+. The time required to achieve 50% carbon conversion in the initial reaction was reduced by 87.3% when the molar ratio of K+ increased from 0 to 0.7. The La 0.3 K 0.7 FeO 3 perovskite also exhibited relatively stable catalytic activity during cyclic process, and its optimal temperature in coal char CO 2 gasification was approximately 850 °C. The XRD patterns indicated that the perovskite structure of catalyst can remain unchanged when K+ doping ratio was lower than 0.8. Therefore, 0.7 is a suitable doping ratio. The perovskite La 0.3 K 0.7 FeO 3 still exhibited perovskite crystal structure after 10 cycles of experiment. The XPS results indicated that additional oxygen vacancies and Fe4+ formed after K+ doping, which contributed to gas adsorption and electron transfer and improved oxidation performance. SEM and BET showed that the pore structure of catalyst was destroyed during cyclic gasification, resulted in the enlargement of particle size detected by laser particle size analyzer. Leading to the decrease in effective contact area and catalytic performance. Thus, K+-modified perovskite La 1-x K x FeO 3 is a kind of equipment-friendly, efficient and recyclable catalyst and can be used as a promising catalyst for coal char CO 2 gasification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The integration of moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion technology with oxy-fuel combustion, that is, MILD-oxy combustion, has a favorable compatibility to obtain high thermal efficiency and extra low CO 2 emissions for pulverized coal combustion. MILD-oxy combustion is characterized by high levels of H 2 O/CO 2 dilution, whose heat transfer characteristics are affected by the physical and chemical properties (i.e., gasification reactivity, heat capacity, and heat radiation) of H 2 O/CO 2 mixture. In this work, dependences of the heat transfer characteristics of MILD oxy-coal combustion on the physical and chemical properties are qualitatively analyzed. Results show that high CO 2 levels is favorable for the establishment of pulverized coal MILD combustion for a given 30 vol% O 2. An increase in H 2 O concentration reduces transferred heat while the enhancing the share of heat radiation. In addition, the effect of gasification reactivity on flame temperature is remarkable at a narrow region and gradually weakens with the increase in H 2 O concentration. The heat capacity makes a slight reduction on overall furnace temperature. As the H 2 O is substitute for CO 2 , the influence of heat capacity progressively declines. Moreover, the effect of heat capacity on strengthening convective heat transfer or weakening radiative heat transfer gradually decreases. As the H 2 O concentration increases, the reduction of flame temperature affected by heat radiation ranges from 13 K to 34 K. Notably, 20% and 30% H 2 O, and 40% and 50% steam cases have similar radiative emissivity, but the intensity of radiation of the steam cases is increasingly intense, thereby resulting in a significant reduction on flame temperature. Highlights • The pulverized coal MILD-Oxy combustion at H 2 O/CO 2 atmospheres is simulated. • Heat transfer characteristic affected by physical-chemical properties of H 2 O/CO 2 is analyzed. • The effects of gasification reactivity on flame temperature weaken with CO 2 replaced by H 2 O. • The effects of heat capacity on heat transfer are more significant at high CO 2 level. • Heat transfer and temperature are affected by radiation depending on the H 2 O concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The Damköhler number Da is a criterion for the establishment of MILD combustion. • The effect of injection parameters on Da value of MILD combustion is presented. • High jet velocity and CO 2 dilution, low preheating temperature make a reduction on Da. • Compare with dilution and preheating, the effect of jet velocity on Da is more remarkable. Abstract Moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion is deemed as a promising technology due to its low pollution emissions and high thermal efficiency. To evaluate MILD combustion performance, the dependences of the Damköhler number Da on different injection parameters (i.e., the jet velocity, CO 2 dilution concentration, and preheating temperature) for MILD combustion in a pilot-scale furnace are investigated in this study. Subsequently, several microscopic-scale parameters of the combustion state are analyzed. Results indicate that the peak value of Da generally exceeds unity under non-premixed MILD combustion. However, the Da value remarkably decrease with an increase in jet velocity, which can be approximate to unity when its value is sufficiently high (up to 190 m/s). An increase in CO 2 dilution concentration also tends to reduce the magnitude of Da , because the chemical and physical properties of CO 2 and N 2 differ. When the CO 2 dilution concentration is up to 60 vol%, the peak value of Da is below 10 but hardly approaches unity. Furthermore, low preheating temperatures reduce the effect on the turbulent magnitude and slows down the reaction rate, thereby leading to a slight reduction on the Da value. Compared with the reduced effects of CO 2 dilution and preheating temperature on the value of Da , the dependence of jet velocity is more remarkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Current pharmaceutical formulation development still strongly relies on the traditional trial-and-error methods of pharmaceutical scientists. This approach is laborious, time-consuming and costly. Recently, deep learning has been widely applied in many challenging domains because of its important capability of automatic feature extraction. The aim of the present research is to apply deep learning methods to predict pharmaceutical formulations. In this paper, two types of dosage forms were chosen as model systems. Evaluation criteria suitable for pharmaceutics were applied to assess the performance of the models. Moreover, an automatic dataset selection algorithm was developed for selecting the representative data as validation and test datasets. Six machine learning methods were compared with deep learning. Results showed that the accuracies of both two deep neural networks were above 80% and higher than other machine learning models; the latter showed good prediction of pharmaceutical formulations. In summary, deep learning employing an automatic data splitting algorithm and the evaluation criteria suitable for pharmaceutical formulation data was developed for the prediction of pharmaceutical formulations for the first time. The cross-disciplinary integration of pharmaceutics and artificial intelligence may shift the paradigm of pharmaceutical research from experience-dependent studies to data-driven methodologies. Graphical abstract Deep learning with the automatic data splitting algorithm and the evaluation criteria suitable for pharmaceutical formulation data was firstly developed for the prediction of pharmaceutical formulations. fx1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • CPU system provided favorable conditions (high pressure, low temperature) to NO x removal. • SO 2 negatively affected NO x removal in both dry and wet conditions. • NO removal in O 2 /CO 2 atmosphere was slightly enhanced compared to that in O 2 /N 2 atmosphere. Abstract Oxy-fuel combustion technology has great potential as a technically feasible method to significantly reduce CO 2 emissions from coal-fired power plants. In an oxy-fuel combustion system, gas impurities such as SO 2 and NO x must be removed before CO 2 recovery because they can cause potential corrosion risk to CO 2 compression and purification units (CPU). An attractive strategy is to simultaneously remove SO 2 and NO x in the existing CO 2 CPU system in place of traditional flue gas treatment device. Since NO x contains more than 90% of insoluble NO, the removal of NO has attracted much attention. In this study, NO removal efficiency in CO 2 compression process were experimentally investigated on a pressurized reaction system. Effects of acidic gases (SO 2 , CO 2) and operation parameters (pressure, temperature, initial O 2 concentration and residence time) were taken into consideration. NO removal was achieved in pressurized reaction system as a result of oxidation to NO 2 in the presence of O 2 and the absorption of NO 2 in water. NO conversion to NO 2 was the key step for NO removal, which was strongly and positively dependent on the pressure and negatively dependent on the temperature. With the addition of 1000 ppm SO 2 in simulated gases, NO removal efficiency was reduced by 8.1% at 2.0 MPa. The gas phase and liquid phase reactions between SO 2 and NO 2 suggested that partial NO 2 was converted to insoluble NO when reacting with SO 2. It was also found that NO removal efficiency in O 2 /CO 2 atmosphere was slightly higher than that in O 2 /N 2 atmosphere. The dissolution of CO 2 in water increased the residence time as well as the acidity of the aqueous solution, which could facilitate the oxidation of NO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxy-fuel combustion technology is one of the most promising technologies for CO 2 capture from coal-fired power plants and is remarkably characterized by the recycled flue gas (RFG). RFGs and pure oxygen are substitute for air, which alter the thermodynamics and heat transfer features for an oxy-fuel combustion coal-fired boiler. Hence, conventional thermodynamic calculation method for air combustion need to be improved for oxy-fuel combustion. This study primarily proposed a modified thermodynamic calculation method, which is subsequently verified by the experimental data for a 35 MWth coal-fired boiler under oxy-fuel combustion with dry and wet recycle modes. Validation results indicate that the modified method could predict the temperatures well in the main heating surfaces of the boiler for oxy-fuel combustion. Given the fine distinction between calculated and experimental temperatures for the main heating surfaces, several key parameters in the main heating surfaces are corrected to improve the precision of the corrected method. Compared with air combustion, the fouling factors for oxy-fuel wet recycle and dry recycle increase, while the effective coefficients and ash deposition coefficients for oxy-fuel combustion reduce. Notably, the utilization coefficients for oxy-fuel are relative to those for air combustion. The heat transfer features in the main heating surfaces are also discussed. Consequently, heat transfer is mainly controlled by the radiative heat transfer of flue gas in the furnace and is determined by the heat capacity of flue gas in the horizontal and vertical heating surfaces under oxy-fuel combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the viral genetic evolution, spatial origins and patterns of transmission of HIV-1 subtype B in Shanghai, China.Methods: A total of 242 Shanghai subtype B and 1519 reference pol sequences were subjected to phylogenetic inference and genetic transmission network analyses.Results: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that subtype B strains circulating in Shanghai were genetically diverse and closely associated with viral sequence lineages in Beijing (76 of 242 [31.4%]), Central China (Henan/Hebei/Hunan/Hubei) (43 of 242 [17.8%]), Chinese Taiwan (20 of 242 [8.3%]), Japan (6 of 242 [2.5%]), and Korea (7 of 242 [2.9%]), suggesting multiple introductions into Shanghai from mainland China and Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. Interestingly, a monophyletic Shanghai lineage (SH-L) (36 of 242 [14.9%]) of HIV-1 subtype B most likely originated from an Argentine strain, transferred through Liaoning infected individuals. In-depth analyses of 195 Shanghai subtype B sequences revealed that a total of 37.9% (n = 74) sequences contributed to 35 transmission networks, whereof 33.8% (n = 25) of the sequences associated with infected individuals from other provinces.Conclusions: Our new findings reflect the evolution complexity and transmission dynamics of HIV-1 subtype B in Shanghai, which would provide critical information for the design of effective prevention measures against HIV transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical looping steam methane reforming (CL-SMR) is a novel process that produce syngas and hydrogen by using solid oxygen carriers to react with methane. The selection of oxygen carriers is a key problem in the development of CL-SMR. This study screened the perovskites with different A (La, Sr) site elements, different B (Co, Fe) site elements, and different loaded materials (CeO 2 , ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2). The results showed that La in A site presented higher hydrogen production, Fe in B site could help keep the H 2 /CO ratio of the syngas at about 2, and CeO 2 loading could achieve highest H 2 purity. Thus, LaFeO 3 -CeO 2 was screened as the optimal oxygen carrier. When WHSV was 11.79 h−1, the CO selectivity of LaFeO 3 -CeO 2 was over 98%, H 2 /CO ratio of syngas was 2, and H 2 purity was about 95%. The sample could recover its original crystalline phases after cyclic reactions. CeO 2 could not only provide lattice oxygen for syngas production in POM stage, but also enhance the H 2 production in RS stage. Furthermore, although a slight agglomeration of the sample occurred during high temperature reactions, LaFeO 3 -CeO 2 exhibited stable reaction performance during 10 CL-SMR cycles. [Display omitted] ● La in A site and Fe in B site presented higher hydrogen production and suitable H 2 /CO ratio of about 2, respectively. ● CeO 2 was the most appropriate load material for LaFeO 3 perovskite. ● The proper reaction time in POM stage for LaFeO 3 -CeO 2 was about 180 s. ● The optimal oxygen carrier exhibited stable reaction performance during 10 CL-SMR cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CeO 2 @Cu catalysts were prepared with cerium salt via a solution auto-combustion method. • CeO 2 @Cu-A exhibited best CO production rate 1.64 mol/g cat.h at 400 °C. • CO 2 hydrogenation performance was enhanced by oxygen vacancy on CeO 2 @Cu catalyst. • CuO x unreduced on CeO 2 @Cu-C limited CO 2 conversion and increased CH 4 selectivity. Cu-based catalysts had been widely used in CO 2 hydrogenation process for their excellent performance and high selectivity. Micron-sized Cu powder obtained by ball milling exhibited poor CO 2 activity for its large particle size and small specific surface area, limited its catalytic application. In this work, micron Cu powder was modified with CeO 2 species synthesized from different cerium precursor salts via a solution auto-combustion method to investigate CO 2 hydrogenation activity. This work revealed that CeO 2 species formed from cerium acetate precursor salt achieved excellent CO 2 performance (1.64 mol/g cat.h at 400 °C), which was 3.8 times and 6000 times higher than that from cerium nitrate salt or cerium chloride salt, respectively. Interestingly, a thick dense CeO 2 shell would be formed on micron Cu generated from cerium(III) chloride precursor salt, which inhibited CuO x reduction and had the opposite effect for RWGS reaction. In addition, the CuO x species in CeO 2 @Cu synthesized from cerium chloride salt resulted in the CH 4 selectivity. The enhancement performance of the CeO 2 @Cu prepared from cerium acetate salt and cerium nitrate salt could be attributed to the oxygen defects formed around the Cu-Ox-Ce interface area and metallic Cu in the RWGS reaction. Cerium precursor salts enhanced the structural integrity of CeO 2 @Cu and played a vital role in RWGS reaction. These results will support a new direction for exploring micron Cu powder in Cu-based catalysts for CO 2 utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to the myocardial dysfunction in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Recently, the role of microRNAs (miRs) in gene expression regulation has attracted much more attention. Studies have shown that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the growth, metabolism and apoptosis of myocardial cells. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the regulatory role of miR-203 in myocardial fibrosis in mice with DCM via involvement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Firstly, mouse model of diabetes mellitus (DM) was established and injected with agomir, antagomir or IGF-1 (PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activator) for investigating the role of miR-203 in PIK3CA and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. PIK3CA was identified as a target gene of miR-203, and overexpressed miR-203 inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The obtained results indicated that up-regulation of miR-203 reduced myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial apoptosis, and levels of PIK3CA, PI3K, Akt, CoI I, CoI III, ANP, MDA and ROS in the myocardial tissues, by which DM-induced cardiac dysfunction and pathological changes could be ameliorated. Collectively, our present study highlighted that overexpression of miR-203 may function as a cardioprotective regulator in DCM by targeting PIK3CA via inactivation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. • MiR-203 targeting PIK3CA inhibits the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. • Up-regulation of miR-203 reduces myocardial fibrosis induced by diabetes. • Oxidative stress and cell apoptosis promote diabetic myocardial fibrosis. • MiR-203 improves cardiac function by antagonizing the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. • MiR-203 can be a new target for clinical treatment of myocardial fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]