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The aims of this systematic review were to explore the pooled prevalence of multidimensional frailty assessed by the Tilburg Frailty Indicator among community-dwelling older adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL and three Chinese databases. Two independent researchers selected the literatures, extracted the data and evaluated the quality. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 16.0. There were 66 studies with a total of 40,597 individuals that were eligible for the meta-analysis. Data from the meta-analysis revealed the pooled prevalence of 42 % for multidimensional frailty (95 % CI: 38 %–45 %, I2 = 98.9 %, T2 = 0.024, p < 0.001). Among the six studies that provided data for different age groups, the results demonstrated an increasing trend in the prevalence of multidimensional frailty with advancing age. The results of gender-stratified analysis proved that the pooled prevalence of multidimensional frailty in women (45 %, 95 % CI: 39 %–51 %, p < 0.001) was higher than that in men (33 %, 95 % CI: 28 %–39 %, p < 0.001). Based on different education levels, the prevalence of multidimensional frailty is highest in the primary elementary or illiterate group (41 %, 95 % CI: 30 %–52 %, p < 0.001). According to different marital status types, the pooled prevalence of multidimensional frailty in the married group was significantly lower (36 %, 95 % CI: 28 %–43 %) than that in the unmarried, divorced or widowed group (51 %, 95 % CI: 37 %–65 %). Through a comprehensive review, we identified that 42 % of elderly individuals living in communities exhibit multidimensional frailty, indicating that multidimensional frailty is relatively common in this population. Stratified analysis revealed that advanced age, female gender, lower education level and unmarried status were associated with higher rates of multidimensional frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microgreens, with their distinctive flavor and rapid growth, have garnered significant attention as a functional and nutritious food. In this study, we performed a thorough targeted metabolomic study using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) on four distinct cultivars of radish microgreens, namely Champion Radish (CR), White Radish (WR), Hailstone Radish (HR), and China Rose Radish (CRR), in order to better understand the metabolic foundation of the nutritional value of these microgreens. A total of 1411 metabolites were found and more than a third of the total number of metabolites were accounted for by flavonoids (FL), phenolic acids, lignans, coumarins and glucosinolates (GL). Significant variations were found in the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM) and differentially expressed genes (DEG) in each pairwise comparison of cultivars, according to further comparative analysis. The comparison of CR with the other groups identified more than 400 DAM and about 10,000 DEG, the most abundant DAM being FL, and the results showed that CR was very different from WR, HR and CRR. A total of 33 GL were newly found in radish microgreens and classified into 8 categories according to their side chains. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and biosynthetic pathway analysis revealed the distinctive relationship between gene expression levels and characteristic GL and FL. This work aimed to provide fresh insights into the differences in metabolite profiles among radish microgreens of various cultivars in addition to establishing a theoretical framework for improving the genetic quality of radish microgreens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soilcrete is produced by adding a curing agent, such as cement, to the soil and mixing it thoroughly to form a solid, stable substance, but usually with poor early strength. To improve the early strength and stability of soilcrete, in this paper, solid waste materials such as mineral powder, and natural gypsum powder were added proportionately to replace parts of cement (called composite curing agent). The unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and dry-wet cycle strength of soilcrete were tested to evaluate the optimum mix design. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and XRD test were applied for investigating the mechanism of early strength of solid waste-based soilcrete. The results show that the optimal mix ratio of cement and mineral powder is 4:6, the 7-day UCS is 1.61 MPa, and the 28-day UCS is 3.37 MPa. The composite curing agent mixed with gypsum powder and water glass has a good curing effect on silt and clay respectively, and the 28-day strength of the clay specimen can reach 3.97. During the dry-wet cycle test, the strength of the soilcrete increases first and then decreases with the number of cycles. The SEM results show that the soilcrete particles were denser, had more hydration products, and the soil particle morphology changed from loose to aggregated, accompanied by a decrease in pores. The study provides a cheaper and high-performance composite curing agent based on solid waste materials for soilcerte than conventional cement, which can promote the application in such field. • An early-strength, low-cost solicrete was proposed using solid waste materials, namely mineral powder and natural gypsum. • The UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength), dry-wet cycle strength, and soil types of soilcrete were tested systematically. • The mechanism of the new solid waste material on soilcrete was revealed through SEM, XRD, and hydration analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Effect of the rock strength on the fatigue performance of rock bolt systems. • Effect of the cyclic load frequency and amplitude on the damage of rock bolt systems. • Acoustic Emission for the damage evolution in rock bolt systems under cyclic loading. • Cumulative AE energy slope method for macro crack initiation assessment. Rock bolt support is one of the key methods to maintain the stability of underground space. The durability of the rock bolt can be weakened by cyclic loading, resulting in premature failure of the underground structures. A comprehensive understanding of the performance of the bolting system under cyclic loading is essential to assess the safety of the bolting system and underground structures. In this context, this study investigated the mechanical performance of rock bolts installed in simulated soft and medium hard rock and subjected to cyclic loading. The Acoustic Emission (AE) technique was used to monitor internal damage to the bolt system under different loading conditions. A cumulative AE energy slope method has been proposed to determine the onset of the macro crack formation stage. The rock bolt demonstrated an extended fatigue life in soft rock, but its condition worsened when implanted in medium hard rock. The cyclic loading resulted in a slight improvement in the load bearing capacity of the soft rock bolt system and a significant deterioration in the medium hard rock bolt counterpart. The main fatigue failure modes of the rock bolt systems were splitting and shear failure of the surrounding rock, and debonding of the interface. Increasing the amplitude of the cyclic loading reduced the macro crack initiation cycle for both rock bolt systems, whereas increasing the frequency had different effects. The damage variable increased with frequency and amplitude for both rock bolt systems. The toughness of the soft rock bolt degraded during cyclic loading, while the high frequency cyclic loading did not modify the toughness of the medium hard rock bolt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Microglia are brain resident innate immune cells and play critical roles in neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke. • Activated microglia express various receptors, channel proteins, and enzymes mediating the inflammatory processes. • After ischemic stroke, intracellular elements can act as DAMPs triggering the PRRss on microglia. • Numerous biochemical and physical therapies have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potentials by targeting microglia. • Though targeting microglia is a promising approach in the treatment of ischemic stroke, the clinical progress is slow. Stroke is the largest contributor to global neurological disability-adjusted life-years, posing a huge economic and social burden to the world. Though pharmacological recanalization with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke, clinically, there is still no effective treatment for the secondary injury caused by cerebral ischemia. In recent years, more and more evidences show that neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of ischemic cerebral injury. Microglia are brain resident innate immune cells and act the role peripheral macrophages. They play critical roles in mediating neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is not an isolated process and has complex relationships with other pathophysiological processes as oxidative/nitrative stress, excitotoxicity, necrosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and adaptive immune response. Upon activation, microglia differentially express various receptors, channel proteins, and enzymes involved in promoting or inhibiting the inflammatory processes, making them the targets of intervention for ischemic stroke. To inhibit microglia-related neuroinflammation and promote neurological recovery after ischemic stroke, numerous biochemical agents, cellular therapies, and physical methods have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potentials. Though accumulating experimental evidences have demonstrated that targeting microglia is a promising approach in the treatment of ischemic stroke, the clinical progress is slow. Till now, no clinical study could provide convincing evidence that any biochemical or physical therapies could exert neuroprotective effect by specifically targeting microglia following ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) can present with a myriad of variations. However, the previous studies of AICA anatomy were based on small-scale cadaveric investigation. In this study, we performed an angiographic study of AICA in 500 Chinese with Han nationality based on digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Patients admitted to our institution between 2015 and 2018 who had underwent DSA were potential candidates for this retrospective evaluation. The exclusion criteria were: a) patients with vascular diseases of the posterior circulation; b) ischemic diseases or moyamoya disease of the anterior circulation. Five hundred patients were identified. The patients ranged in age from 6 to 75 years. Two hundred thirty-seven (62.9%, 237 of 377) patients had bilateral AICAs at the same level, and 140 (37.1%, 140 of 377) had bilateral AICAs at different levels. The developing states of AICA were grade 0 in 31 (3.5%, 31 of 896), grade 1 in 373 (41.6%, 373 of 896), grade 2 in 313 (34.9%, 313 of 896), and grade 3 in 179 (20.0%, 179 of 896) hemispheres. Two hundred twenty-one (22.1%, 221 of 1000) presented with AICA-PICA common trunks. Thirty-one (3.1%, 31 of 1000) hemispheres showed no obvious AICA angiographically. AICA arose as a single trunk in 865 (86.5%, 865 of 1000) hemispheres, and as duplicate trunks in 104 (10.4%, 10 of 1000) hemispheres. Triplicate or more trunks were not seen. AICA originating from the basilar artery fenestration accounted for 4% (20 of 500) of the cases. This is the first attempt using DSA data to perform a large-scale investigation of AICA variations. The ever-growing need of endovascular intervention calls for more suitable anatomical explanation of the vascular structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As populations continue to age, the prevalence of multiple chronic conditions in older adults grows. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of smart homes on older patients with chronic conditions. A review and meta-analysis were conducted after searching both English and Chinese databases. Fifteen RCTs were included in the review, with six studies qualifying for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed no significant effects on measures of hospital admissions (RR =0.90, 95% CI (0.57, 6.34), P = 0.65) or emergency department admissions (RR =0.99, 95% CI (0.34, 2.91), P = 0.98). Likewise, no effects were observed for tele-monitoring on days spent in the hospital (MD =-0.90, 95% CI (-3.34, 1.55), P = 0.47) or quality of life. However, almost all participants were satisfied with the smart homes. The effect of tele-exercise on cognitive functioning was unclear. However, the smart homes did have an effect on physical functioning and depression in older adults with chronic conditions. Future studies should focus on the economic effectiveness, security, accessibility and practicality of smart homes on older adults with chronic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superior cerebellar artery (SCA) aneurysms can be divided into 2 types: basilar artery (BA)-SCA junction aneurysms and peripheral SCA aneurysms. The peripheral SCA aneurysm is a distinct entity from its BA-SCA counterpart. No comprehensive literature review for endovascular management of peripheral SCA aneurysms has been conducted. A PubMed search of the published articles written in English was performed on February 13, 2019 for patients who underwent endovascular treatment for peripheral SCA aneurysms. Segmentation of SCA was in accordance with the proposed nomenclature by Rodriguez-Hernandez et al. A modified Rankin Scale score ≤1 was defined as good recovery. Thirty-five articles reporting 55 patients including 2 cases in our center were included in the final analysis. The affected patients (28 females, 50.9%) were aged from 3 months to 79 years (46.22 ± 13.51 years). Forty-five patients (81.8%) presented with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage with or without cerebellar hematoma. Forty-six patients (83.6%) experienced good recovery. Permanent or transient procedure-related complications occurred in 17/49 patients (34.7%) during endovascular treatment (EVT). However, no fatal or server procedure-related complication occurred in the long-term. Peripheral SCA aneurysms are rare cerebrovascular lesions and should be treated as a specific entity. EVT is an efficient and safe option in peripheral SCA aneurysms. Permanent and fatal procedure-related complications are rare. Further prospective and larger-scale studies are warranted to better elucidate the role of EVT in peripheral SCA aneurysms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) trunk aneurysms are rare entities. Given the eloquence of the AICA in supplying the cerebellum and brainstem, in theory, sacrifice or occlusion of the a1-a2 segment in lesions involving the AICA may lead to various complications. However, some patients might experience no complication or favorable recovery. The subgroup of patients who would benefit from parent artery occlusion (PAO) among those with aneurysms involving the a1-a2 segment of the AICA remains to be explored. In this report, we present 2 cases of AICA dissecting aneurysms at the a1-a2 segment that were successfully occluded via coiling without postprocedural complications. A comprehensive literature review was also performed on patients with AICA aneurysms with occlusion at the a1-a2 segment. Sixteen patients were identified, and all of the cases had satisfactory outcomes. Of these patients, 11 of 16 (68.75%) had no neurologic deficits, and 5 of 16 (31.25%) had acceptable neurologic deficits. The prognosis was associated with collateral circulation of the AICA, and collateral circulation was discussed. In case of an a1-a2 aneurysm that is hard to occlude without sacrificing the parent artery, careful hemodynamic and morphologic evaluation for collateral flow is warranted. If collateral flow is demonstrated or the aneurysm is flow-related with cerebellar arteriovenous malformation, PAO of the a1-a2 segment can be an acceptable option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To synthesize the pooled mortality risk estimate and determine whether cognitive frailty is a predictor of mortality. A systematic review and meta-analysis. The participants were community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched. Two researchers independently screened potentially eligible literature, evaluated the quality of the included studies, and then extracted the data. We used STATA, version 15.0 to perform the all data. Nineteen studies were included. The association between cognitive frailty and a higher risk of death was statistically significant [hazard ratio (HR), 2.01; 95% CI, 1.84–2.19; P <.001]. The outcomes indicated that cognitive frailty was a critical risk factor for predicting mortality (OR, 4.82; 95% CI, 1.59–14.57; P <.01). Based on different models of cognitive frailty, the results of subgroup analyses revealed that the risk of mortality was the highest in the Frail + mild cognitive impairment group (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 2.05–2.70; P <.001). The subgroup analyses by region demonstrated that mortality risk was lowest in the European group (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.4–1.87; P <.001). This study quantitatively portrays the pooled mortality risk estimate of cognitive frailty. The results suggest that in older adults, cognitive frailty can be a predictor of mortality. The findings could alert health care providers to pay more attention to cognitive frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Intracranial cavernous malformations (CMs) are usually located at the cerebral parenchyma; dural-based CMs outside the middle fossa are rarely reported. To our knowledge, dural-based CMs located at the cerebral convexity are even rarer in that only 2 pediatric cases have ever been reported. In this report, we present 2 extremely rare cases of dural-based CMs at the cerebral convexity in pediatric patients. The clinical course, radiologic and pathologic features, treatment, and follow-up are described. Case Description The first case is a 6-year-old boy who presented with headache and vomiting and was found to have an acute subdural hematoma and space-occupying lesion. Intraoperative findings and histologic examination were consistent with a CM. He experienced an uneventful postoperative recovery. The second case is a 43-day-old female neonate who presented with a progressively enlarging neoplasm at the right occipital region since birth. Computed tomography of the head performed at admission showed a slight hyperdense occupying lesion communicating between the intra- and extracranial cavity through a skull defect. The lesion was resected en bloc and histologic examination was in accord with a CM. Conclusions The clinical manifestations and radiologic characteristics of dural-based CMs are nonspecific. Unlike that of their cerebral parenchymal counterparts, the radiologic appearance of dural-based CMs is confusing and misleading. Surgical resection is the primary treatment selection for dural-based CMs. In cases with no close relationship to dural sinuses, complete surgical resection with minimal blood loss and few neurologic deficits could be easily achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study applied a VR-based course in the teaching of cognitive function. • A VR-based cognitive course can improve students' critical thinking ability. • A VR-based cognitive course can provide an effective teaching method for the field of nursing. Virtual reality has gradually been applied to nursing education, with many advantages. A quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest study was conducted to verify the teaching effectiveness of a virtual reality-based cognitive assessment and rehabilitation simulation course. The Chinese version of the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory was used to measure the critical thinking abilities of participants. The teaching evaluation included the evaluation of the virtual system, course, teaching, and students themselves. The difference between the pre- and post-tests was statistically significant for the dimensions of truth seeking, open mindedness, systematicity, self-confidence, inquisitiveness, maturity, and the total score of critical thinking ability (p <.05). The course can significantly improve the critical thinking ability of nursing undergraduates and provide an effective teaching method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With triphasic, dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan to identify benign and malignant gallbladder polypoid lesions, we hope to determine an accurate diagnosis before surgery.Study Design: Ninety patients with gallbladder polypoid lesions were treated surgically in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China, from July 2013 to July 2016, and divided into 2 groups according to postoperative pathologic results: a malignant group with 44 patients and a benign group with 46 patients. Triphasic, dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan was performed in 90 patients within 2 weeks before surgery. The CT image parameters were measured and analyzed by 2 senior radiologists and a hepatobiliary surgeon in blind.Results: Mean age of the malignant group was significantly older than that of the benign lesion group (p < 0.01). With the CT image parameters, the maximal diameter of the lesion was significantly longer in malignant lesions than in benign lesions (p < 0.01). There was a significant difference in plain CT, delayed phase CT, and ΔCT values (ΔCT = portal venous phase CT value minus delayed phase CT value) between the 2 groups (all p < 0.01). In terms of differentiating malignant and benign gallbladder polypoid lesions, the ΔCT value was superior to that of plain and delayed phase CT in both sensitivity and specificity (p < 0.05).Conclusions: In triphasic, dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan, plain CT value, delayed phase CT value, and ΔCT value could detect malignant lesions of gallbladder polyps, with the highest sensitivity and specificity of ΔCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older residents in long-term care facilities often experience physical and mental health problems along with vulnerability to psychological and social stressors. Due to the shortage of human resources, the application of virtual reality technology may be a new way to promote healthy aging for older residents in long-term care facilities. To identify the effects of virtual reality-based interventions for improving physical and mental health outcomes among older residents in long-term care facilities. Systematic review. A systematic review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 Statement. Four databases (the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science) were searched from their inception until May 2022 for original articles. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental trials reporting the effects of virtual reality-based interventions on physical and mental health outcomes were included. Two independent reviewers extracted trial data and assessed the risk of bias using the risk of bias tool recommended by the Cochrane Back Review Group and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies. Of the 8511 articles that were screened, 30 articles including 1057 participants met the inclusion criteria. Many studies have investigated multiple outcomes. Eighteen of the twenty-five studies that assessed physical health-related outcomes (n = 18/25, 72%) reported positive intervention effects, and fourteen (n = 14/25, 56%) reported negative postintervention effects. Eight of the sixteen studies that assessed mental health-related outcomes (n = 8/16, 50%) reported positive intervention effects, while twelve (n = 12/16, 75%) reported negative intervention effects. Meta-analysis was not conducted due to the heterogeneity of the study designs and outcome measures. This study demonstrated that virtual reality-based interventions could be a safe and effective approach to improve the physical outcomes of older residents in long-term care facilities, but this evidence lacks certainty. The effectiveness of virtual reality-based interventions for mental health outcomes is uncertain. Virtual reality-based interventions have the potential to provide individualized, error-free self-training for older residents in long-term care facilities, but the usability for these residents requires further study. Future studies should use RCT designs and aim to include larger sample sizes and have longer intervention durations. PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42022331917. Virtual reality-based interventions are possibly effective for improving physical health of older residents in long-term care facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Ocular movement nerve (cranial nerve III, IV and VI) palsy (OMNP) is rarely encountered after mild head trauma. As a result of the inconsistent definition of this specific entity in published studies, it is difficult to offer an accurate management strategy and prognosis assessment to affected patients. Methods A retrospective review of the medical records of the patients at the First Hospital of Jilin University combined with a systematic review of published studies was conducted. Results Thirty-one patients (17 females, 55%), including 6 cases in our institution, were identified in this systematic review. Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI were involved in 54.8%, 3.2%, and 45.2% of the patients, respectively. Although all the patients in our case series experienced complete resolution, only 54.6% experienced complete resolution in a time course of 10 days to 13 months. Additional intracranial findings other than traumatic brain injury on imaging modalities that might predispose to OMNP after mild head trauma were identified in 25.8% of the patients. Conclusions OMNP after mild head trauma is a rare entity in neurosurgical practice. In patients with no positive intracranial finding, observation and follow-up are the mainstay of management. If any underlying intracranial lesions are identified, the management should be focused on the underlying lesions. From the data available, mild trauma does not mean mild injury or favorable recovery in OMNP after mild head trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of Tai Chi practice on health related quality of life in patients with various chronic medical conditions. BACKGROUND: One of the characters of chronic illness is life-long condition with the deterioration in health related quality of life. Tai Chi has become a popular mind-body exercise and self-management strategy for patients with chronic conditions regarding its various physical and psychological effects. METHODS: Eight databases (the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, EBSCO, Web of science and three Chinese databases: CNKI, Wanfang data and VIP) were searched (up to December 2013) for relevant studies. Studies including participants with chronic conditions were selected. All studies were randomized controlled trials reporting the effects of Tai Chi on health related quality of life. Two independent reviewers extracted trial data and assessed risk of bias using the risk of bias tool recommended by the Cochrane Back Review Group. RESULTS: Of the 2021 papers which were screened, 21 studies including 1200 patients met the eligibility criteria. Most studies (18 of 21 studies) found significant improvements on health related quality of life for participants with chronic conditions in Tai Chi group. No evidence was observed to suggest that Tai Chi was more effective than other types of exercise. And objective measures were not always consistent with self-reported quality of life measures. CONCLUSIONS: Tai Chi appears to be safe and has positive effects on health related quality of life in patients with chronic conditions, especially for patients with disorders in Cardio-cerebrovascular and respiratory systems, and musculoskeletal system. However, as the delivery mood of Tai Chi provides multiply benefits, which part of the group provides the most benefit in improving quality of life is unclear. Due to the design limitations of previous studies, more larger and well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm the effects. And qualitative researches are warranted to explore how Tai Chi may work exactly from patients' own perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty among community-dwelling older adults and provide evidence-based support for policy-makers planning health and social care policies. A systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from their inception to December 10, 2020. Descriptive studies (cross-sectional studies or population-based longitudinal studies) and cohort studies were available. Participants were community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the quality of the included studies. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 15.0. We screened 2815 records, among which 24 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty was 9% (95% CI: 8%-11%, I2 = 99.3%). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty was 11% (95% CI: 9%-14%) in men and 15% (95% CI: 11%-19%) in women. The pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty based on the descriptive studies and cohort studies was 7% (95% CI: 5%-9%) and 17% (95% CI: 11%-22%), respectively. The pooled estimates of cognitive frailty prevalence were 6% (95% CI: 4%-8%) from 2012 to 2017 and 11% (95% CI: 9%-14%) from 2018 to 2020. This systematic review analyzed the available literature and revealed that the pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty among community-dwelling older adults was 9%. The stratified analysis showed that the prevalence of cognitive frailty was higher in older women. In addition, the prevalence has increased in recent years, which has important implications for adapting health and social care systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high student-to-faculty ratio is an obstacle in the reform of teaching methods in master's programmes of nursing education in China. Though Kim's study showed that team-based learning (TBL) can be implemented in high student-to-faculty ratio classes, it is still a challenge for students accustomed to the traditional didactic lecture (TDL) teaching method, and the lack of an inclusive design model has restricted the effective application of TBL. To compare the effect of TBL on postgraduate nursing students with lecture-based teaching with small group discussion (LBTWSGD) and to clarify key factors to promote the effective application of TBL. A quasi-experimental study design. We selected 27 unbiased participants in the applied LBTWSGD group and 48 participants in the applied TBL group and conducted questionnaire surveys at the last day of the course which lasted for 10 weeks. Students' self-directed learning ability was assessed by the Self-Directed Learning Instrument (SDLI), classroom engagement was assessed by the Self-Report of Engagement Measure (SREM), and students' evaluation of the teaching experience was assessed by the Student Evaluation of Teaching and Units (SETU). A difference analysis between the two groups was performed by the SETU. The mean and standard deviation of each tool were calculated and compared between the two groups. The study determined that compared to LBTWSGD, TBL significantly improved students' self-directed learning (p < 0.01) and classroom engagement (p < 0.05). The scores for 6 of 9 items in the SETU were significantly higher in the TBL group than in the LBTWSGD group. The TBL teaching method can effectively improve nursing students' self-learning ability and classroom engagement through effective teacher feedback, discussion, and communication. The same clear and definite reading assignments in TBL can help students obtain effective teacher feedback and form effective discussions and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Music interventions have several benefits for sleep quality. However, the effects of music interventions on sleep quality in older adults are controversial.Objective: To summarize and evaluate the efficacy of music interventions on sleep quality in older adults.Methods: The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were systematically retrieved until June 2020, updated on March 13, 2021. Both experimental and quasi-experimental studies were included if they evaluated the efficacy of music interventions on sleep outcomes in older adults. The methodological quality was assessed by the Cochrane RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I Tool. The random effects models and effect measure (MD) were adopted, and sensitivity analysis by omitting each study was conducted to explore the source of heterogeneity.Results: A total of 489 participants from 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. 6 studies were included in meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis, and 3 studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Main concerns about risk of bias were lack of blinding participants and investigators, and confounding factors might exist in non-RCTs. The Post-hoc meta-analysis indicated that music interventions might have a positive effect on sleep quality [MD = -2.64, 95 % CI (-3.76, -1.53), p <  0.001; I2 = 75.0 %]. Only one study evaluated adverse events and reported zero discomfort.Conclusions: The results indicated that music interventions might be beneficial for improving sleep quality, especially in sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency and sleep of daytime dysfunction in elderly individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The two-constituent model and multiscale structure model were established. • Fracture toughness of mineralogical compositions were investigated by using nanoindentation. • The mineral-mechanical statistical method and the upscaling method were proposed. The widespread occurrence of heterogeneous mudstone poses several challenges for the stability of engineering structures. To understand the failure mechanism of argillaceous projects, and reveal the heterogeneity of mudstone, the mechanical properties of mineralogical compositions in mudstone were investigated, by using the nanoindentation technique at the meso -scale. Through "X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM)- energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP)" observations, the mineralogical compositions in mudstone can be divided into two constituents: clay matrix and silt inclusions, further, the multiscale structure model of mudstone includes three scales: macro-, meso- and micro-scale. Nanoindentation technique was adopted to investigate the meso -scale mechanical properties of mudstone by setting four peak loads ranging from 1 mN to 30 mN on different positions to avoid measuring errors. A superposition of 2 Gaussian probability densities was used to represent the distributions of the mechanical parameters of the mudstone by applying a coupled mineral-mechanical approach proposed in this study. The results showed that the mean hardness and elastic modulus of clay matrix are 398.22 MPa and 11.89 GPa, which are much smaller than that of silt inclusions (1529.43 MPa and 22.08 GPa) in mudstone, inducing the soft properties of mudstone and argillaceous projects. Due to the influence of macro- and meso -scale pores and cracks in mudstone, the elastic modulus of both the clay matrix and silt inclusions in it, is larger than that of mudstone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A techno-economic analysis on the frost-free ASHP system was analyzed and compared. • The running cost reduced 23.2, 23.6 and 29.0 % compared with the reference system. • The payback period of the initial cost is about 3.3–4.2 years. • The studied system was a promising economical way for space heating. In order to improve the performance of air source heat pumps (AHSPs) when it is operated in winter, a novel frost-free ASHP system has been developed and the thermodynamic characteristics was performed in the previous work. Before it is large-scale promoted and applied, an economic analysis should be conducted. However, there is little research on the economic analysis of the system, which limits the development and application of innovation technologies. Therefore, a techno-economic analysis of the system was evaluated in typical climate zones in China and compared with a conventional ASHP unit in this paper. The results showed that the running cost of the frost-free ASHP system reduced 23.2, 23.6 and 29.0 % in comparison with the conversional ASHP system in Xi'an, Shenyang and Hefei cities respectively, also, corresponding to the payback period of the initial cost were 4.2 years, 3.3 years and 4.03 years respectively. It shows that the frost-free ASHP system is a promising economical way for space heating. Conclusion from this work will provide key information for the user in decision making and determining the economic viability of the frost-free ASHP system has been evaluated before it is large-scale promoted and applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A mathematical model of the combined system is established. • The results of numerical simulation and experiment are accordant. • The influence of main parameters on the thermal behavior of the system are investigated. • An optimal operation for the combined system under different modes is developed. When CO 2 heat pump is used for space heating, the high return water temperature leads to excessive throttling loss and low efficiency of the heat pump unit. In order to solve this problem, an air-to-water CO 2 heat pump unit combined with phase change thermal storage for space heating was proposed and its feasibility has been analyzed. On the basis of previous research, a simulation analysis was conducted in this work to further analyze and optimize the performance of the combined system. Firstly, a mathematical model of the combined system was established, and the correctness of the model was verified by experimental results. Secondly, the influence of the key parameters, such as the ambient temperature, the inlet water temperature of gas cooler, on the system performance was discussed, and a correlation of the optimal discharge pressure for the system was developed. The results indicated that the COP of CO 2 heat pump unit increased by 13.3% when the ambient temperature rose from −23 °C to −5 °C at the inlet water temperature of 30 °C. Lastly, an optimized control strategy of the combined system was developed under the different operating modes. These results provided a basis in improving and optimizing the performance of the combined system and helping to promote its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Arachnoid cyst (AC)-associated chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) differs significantly from its counterparts without AC in epidemiologic, demographic, and clinical characteristics, as well as in management and prognosis. This study was conducted to further examine the epidemiologic, demographic, and clinical characteristics; diagnosis; treatment; and prognosis of AC-associated CSDH. Methods This was a retrospective study of the medical records at the neurosurgical departments of 2 institutions along with a systematic PubMed search for relevant studies published in English or Chinese. Results A total of 182 patients (148 males; 81.3%) were evaluated, including 14 cases in our present series. The patients ranged in age from 1 to 80 years (mean age, 24.41 ± 13.69 years). Among the 175 patients with adequate prehospital history information, 119 (68%) had a history of recent head trauma or sport-related injury. AC locations included the middle fossa and sylvian fissure in 162 cases (89.0%), cerebral convexity in 17 cases (9.3%), posterior fossa in 2 cases (1.1%), and interhemispheric fissure in 1 case (0.5%). Among the 161 patients with specific data on outcomes, 159 (98.8%) had favorable recovery, 1 patient had an evident neurologic deficit, and 1 patient died from cardiac arrest. Conclusions CSDH is a rare complication in patients with intracranial AC. Male children, juveniles, and young adults with recent head trauma or sport-related injury are most commonly inflicted. Burr hole drainage is the first-choice surgical procedure in symptomatic patients and is still effective in some recurrent cases. Fenestration or resection of the AC membrane is not a requisite in patients with previous asymptomatic AC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Longwall mining is the most widely used mining method in underground coal mining. The stability of gateways is crucial for longwall mining as they provide many essential services such as transportation of excavated coal, ventilation of longwall face. High in situ stresses, mining induced stresses due to advancing longwall face, and poor rock mass quality leads to large deformation jeopardizing the stability of the gateway in Guobei coal mine. In this paper, the global-local modeling approach is used for analysing the stability of the gateway in the mine. In this approach, a mine scale 3D global model was constructed to extract the stresses acting on the gateway. The extracted stresses from global model were implemented into 2D local model of the gateway for detailed analysis. The used approach was verified by the field measurements taken from the modeled gateway. In an attempt to deal with large mine induced displacements, a support system composed of rock bolt, cable bolt and shotcrete was proposed. The verified model was used to evaluate the performance of proposed support system. It was concluded that the proposed support system can significantly reduce the displacements. The verified model facilitates the performance evolution of other alternative support systems considered by the mine management. The presented approach can be applicable for other deep underground coal mines, experiencing large gateway convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To get isolated human hepatocytes and investigate the protective effect of UW solution on human hepatocytes during cold storage at 0–4 °C. Methods: A well-perfused liver lobe weighed 60–80 g were used for hepatocytes isolation. Human hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase recirculating perfusion method (Table 1) and then stored in UW solution (pH=7.4, 37 °C). After storage for 1, 12, 24 and 48 h, hepatocytes viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion. LDH release rate was assessed by biochemical method. ATP levels during cold storage and after incubation at 37 °C were assessed by HPLC. Results: Hepatocytes viability just after isolation was 88±1.4%. LDH release was 10.1±0.6%. There were no great changes of viability and LDH release rate after preserved for 12, 24 and 48 h. ATP level during cold storage decreased significantly, but after incubated at 37 °C, there were no great difference of ATP level (Table 2). Conclusions: UW solution could protect hepatocytes effectively during cold storage at 0–4 °C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by its high malignancy, insidious onset and poor prognosis. Most patients with pancreatic cancer are usually diagnosed at advanced stage or with the distant metastasis due to the lack of an effective early screening method. Liquid biopsy technology is promising in studying the occurrence, progression, and early metastasis of pancreatic cancer. In particular, exosomes are pivotal biomarkers in lipid metabolism and liquid biopsy of blood exosomes is valuable for the evaluation of pancreatic cancer. Lipid metabolism is crucial for the formation and activity of exosomes in the extracellular environment. Exosomes and lipids have a complex relationship of mutual influence. Furthermore, spatial metabolomics can quantify the levels and spatial locations of individual metabolites in cancer tissue, cancer stroma, and para-cancerous tissue in pancreatic cancer. However, the relationship among exosomes, lipid metabolism, and pancreatic cancer is also worth considering. This study mainly updates the research progress of metabolomics in pancreatic cancer, their relationship with exosomes, an important part of liquid biopsy, and their lipometabolic roles in pancreatic cancer. We also discuss the mechanisms by which possible metabolites, especially lipid metabolites through exosome transport and other processes, contribute to the recurrence and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. [Display omitted] Liquid biopsy of lipometabolic exosomes in pancreatic cancer patients. • Widely known for its high malignancy, insidious onset, and poor prognosis, early detection of pancreatic cancer is a worldwide problem. • Exosomes are pivotal in liquid biopsy and have been found to play significant roles in pancreatic cancer lipid metabolism. • Lipid metabolism is involved in the formation of exosomes structure, and contribute to exosomes' activity in tumor extracellular environment. • Lipometabolic liquid biopsy is a powerful technology for early detection and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is performed by a multidisciplinary team and includes systematic comprehensive team assessment and treatment. Comprehensive geriatric assessment has become a fundamental component of geriatric nursing, as a multidimensional approach is necessary to achieve the best diagnosis and therapy for older adults with frailty. The aim of our review was to analyze the effects of comprehensive geriatric assessment interventions on older adults with frailty in hospital settings. The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from inception to February 28, 2024. Only randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis. The risk ratios (RRs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated to determine the pooled intervention effects. Sensitivity analyses and publication bias analyses were also conducted. Methodological quality and evidence were assessed using the RoB2 tool and GRADE pro online tool. A total of 18 randomized controlled trials were included in this review. The results showed that participants in the intervention group had a lower risk of having decreased activities of daily living than did those in the control group (RR = 0.55, 95 % CI: 0.33 to 0.92, P = 0.021, low certainty evidence). Comprehensive geriatric assessment was associated with a reduced mortality risk (RR = 0.85, 95 % CI: 0.73 to 0.99, P = 0.038, high certainty evidence). In conclusion, this systematic review analyzed the available literature, and the results showed that comprehensive geriatric assessment had significant benefits in terms of increased independence and was associated with a reduced mortality risk for older adults with frailty in hospital settings. However, the evidence was limited. Thus, more research is needed in the future to further enrich the evidence in the field of comprehensive geriatric assessment interventions for older adults with frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The catechol-functionalized hydrogel was prepared with 4-arm-PEG-SH as cross-linkers. • The hydrogel with fast-forming property exhibited wet adhesion. • The hydrogel exhibited outstanding mechanical strength. • The hydrogel had self-healing property and good biocompatibility. • The hydrogel was an effective rapid hemostatic adhesive. The application of traditional commercial and clinical tissue adhesive materials such as fibrin and albumin-glutaraldehyde are limited because these materials do not possess all the requirements for biomaterials, including high mechanical strength, strong wet adhesion, and good biocompatibility. We have developed a novel bio-inspired hydrogel (HA-catechol/4-arm-PEG-SH) based on a catechol-modified polymer with 4-arm-PEG-SH as a cross-linker that exhibits excellent wet adhesion in aqueous environments. Because the Michael addition reaction between 4-arm-PEG-SH, which contains a large amount of thiol groups, and catechol groups is highly efficient, the HA-CA/4-arm-PEG-SH hydrogel exhibits excellent wet adhesion and outstanding mechanical strength. Thus, the hydrogel shows promise as a hemostatic material. At the same time, the self-healing property of the hydrogel allows it to withstand high strain and repeated deformation. The hydrogel automatically recovers its mechanical properties and structure after deformation, making it effective for hemostasis. Moreover, the hydrogel can quickly gel within 30 s and shows good cell compatibility with slight promotion of cell proliferation. The HA-CA/4-arm-PEG-SH hydrogel is a promising bioadhesive for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Amantadine (AM) drug adsorption on the AlN and BN cages is studied by DFT. • Interaction between AM molecules and AlN or BN clusters becomes weaker as the AM concentration is increased. • Two different mechanisms including electrostatic and charge transfer are suggested. • The AlN cluster may be a work function type sensor for AM. • The BN cluster may be a potential electronic sensor for AM. To find a sensor for Amantadine (AM) antiparkinsonian drug, we studied its interaction with Al 12 N 12 and B 12 N 12 nanoclusters by density functional theory calculations. The AM molecule attaches via its –NH 2 group to the Al or B atoms of Al 12 N 12 or B 12 N 12 with Gibbs free energy change about −31.5 or −26.1 kcal/mol. Increasing the AM concentration, the interaction becomes weaker due to steric effects. The AM adsorbs on the Al 12 N 12 and B 12 N 12 with two different mechanisms, including electrostatic and charge transfer, respectively. The AM significantly reduces the Al 12 N 12 work function from 4.50 to 3.66 eV, increasing the electron field emission. Thus, the AlN cluster may be a work function type sensor. Upon the AM adsorption on the BN cage, the HOMO level is largely destabilized, reducing the E g from 6.84 to 5.01 eV which largely increases the electrical conductivity. This indicates that the BN cluster may be a potential electronic sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is a common procedure in daily neurosurgical practice. According to some reports, the rate of intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to VPS in patients with no bleeding tendency can be 43.1%; however, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) secondary to VPS is rare with only sporadic cases reported in adults. To further elucidate the characteristics, mechanism, management, and prognosis of SICH secondary to VPS, we performed a retrospective study in our institution and a systematic review of the literature. Methods A retrospective review of the medical records of patients admitted for VPS was performed. We also performed a systematic PubMed search of published studies. Results Of 5 patients identified at our institution, 3 experienced a favorable recovery. Including our case series, there were 16 (8 female) patients. The time interval from the termination of VPS procedure to SICH was 4 hours to 15 days. All but 1 patient experienced intracerebral hemorrhage adjacent to cannulation. Of 11 patients in whom a Glasgow Outcome Scale score could be obtained, the score was 5 in 4 patients, 4 in 1 patient, 3 in 1 patient, and 1 in 5 patients. Conclusions SICH is a rare complication after VPS in adults without bleeding tendency. The mechanism is obscure, management is challenging, and prognosis is dismal. Future prospective study is anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically examine the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for diabetic patients who have comorbid depression and to identify which aspects can be improved through intervention.Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using multiple databases. The inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT that were conducted with diabetes patients with clinically relevant depression. Review Manager version 5.3 was used to obtain pooled results.Results: Ten RCTs, with a total sample size of 998 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Compared with control groups, the CBT groups had statistically significant, long-term improvements in depression (standardized mean differences [SMD]=-0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] (-0.98 to -0.31), P=0.0002), quality of life (SMD=0.29, 95%CI (0.08 to 0.51), P=0.007), fasting glucose (SMD=0.21, 95%CI (0.04 to 0.37), P=0.01) and anxiety (SMD=-0.49, 95%CI (-0.88 to -0.10), P=0.01). No improvements were found in glycemic control or in diabetes-related distress.Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis showed that CBT can be effective in reducing depression symptoms and fasting glucose in diabetes patients with comorbid depression as well as in improving quality of life and anxiety in the long-term. The results showed that CBT can serve as a promising treatment alternative for diabetes patients with comorbid depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]