Search

In order to realize the resource utilization of solid waste and the treatment of phenol wastewater in China, a new porous ceramic granules (PCG) with the function of degrading phenol wastewater was prepared by using titanium-containing blast furnace slag, iron tailings and fly ash as raw materials, which realized the sustainable development of "treating waste with waste". The effects of different pore forming agents on the structure, morphology, ionic state of PCG samples and the adsorption behavior of phenol in aqueous solution were investigated. The results show that the change of pore forming agent has no obvious change on the crystal structure. When carbon powder (CP) and starch (SH) are used as pore forming agents, the internal pore structure is relatively dense and less porous, and it is not easy to form liquid channels. When ammonia bicarbonate (NH) is used as pore-forming agents, the internal pore structure is very developed and has many three-dimensional pore structures. Under the conditions of PH 2, phenol concentration 10 mg/L and solid-liquid ratio 3 g/L, TOC removal rates of CP-PCG, SH-PCG and NH-PCG samples after 72 h adsorption reaction were 39.10 %, 14.00 % and 93.29 %, respectively. In addition, the surface functional groups, hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions of PCG samples may be involved in the adsorption of phenol. This work not only provides a low-cost, environmentally friendly and simple technology for phenol-containing wastewater treatment, but also provides a new idea for the effective use of solid waste resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve the resource utilization of solid waste and the treatment of phenol-containing wastewater in China, a new type of ceramic granule (TBBFSITFA) with the function of degrading phenol wastewater has been prepared from titanium-containing blast furnace slag (TBBFS), iron tailings (IT), and fly ash (FA) as raw materials to achieve the sustainable development of "treating waste with waste." The adsorption behavior of TBBFSITFA samples on phenol in an aqueous solution was experimentally investigated. Double-beam ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis), total organic carbon (TOC) test showed that the optimal raw material ratio of TBBFS: IT: FA = 10:70:20, the degradation rate of phenol reached 95.40%, and the removal rate of TOC was as high as 93.29%. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy spectrometry (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) demonstrated that the better the synergistic effect produced by having a suitable Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio and raw material ratio in the TBBFSITFA sample, as well as a high specific surface area, porosity and high surface adsorption of oxygen, the higher the mineralization of the phenol solution. This work provides a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and simple technology for phenol-containing wastewater treatment and a new idea for effectively using solid waste resources. • Preparation of a new type of porous ceramic granules (TBBFSITFA). • TBBFSITFA showed 95.4% phenol degradation and 93.29% TOC removal. • The adsorption mechanisms are surface adsorption of oxygen and Fe3+/Fe2+ conversion. • Provides a low-cost, simple technique for handling phenol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano additive CeO 2 without sulfur and phosphorus was used in combination with molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) to solve the problems of low load-bearing capacity and unsatisfactory friction-reducing property of organic molybdenum in lubricating grease. By using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to analyze the adsorption behavior of the composite additive, it was found that the viscoelastic co-adsorption behavior of MoDTC and CeO 2 nanoparticles significantly improved the adsorption rate and equilibrium adsorption mass, which made the P B value of the composite additive increased by 77.6 % and 12.6 % compared with CeO 2 and MoDTC, respectively. In the tribofilm formed by composite additive, CeO 2 nanoparticles that do not undergo frictional chemical reactions with MoDTC form a flat and hard intermediate layer in the tribofilm, which improves the bearing capacity and effectively suppresses the fluctuation and accumulation of layered MoS 2 on the surface. The layered structure is concentrated on the surface of the tribofilm and parallel to the friction direction, significantly reducing the sliding resistance between layers. Therefore, a thinner MoS 2 layer with appropriate orientation is more conducive to improving the friction reduction performance of the grease. This results in a 33.9 % decrease in the friction coefficient of organic molybdenum, while its load-bearing capacity increases from 900 N to 1400 N, enabling lithium complex grease to achieve low friction, low wear, and high load simultaneously. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of ceramic-polymer composites is a focal point in the research of thermal protection systems, and the control of microstructure is crucial for fabricating high-performance resins. In order to investigate the effect of the silicon phase structure on the properties of epoxy resins and preparate the ablation-resistant ceramifiable resins, the homogeneous and "sea-island" phases of epoxy resins with different amounts of silicones were prepared by ring-opening and grafting reactions. The reaction mechanism and the microphase structure of silicone were verified by SEM and TEM. It was found that the homogeneous silicone-epoxy resins exhibited exceptional ablation resistance, with mass and linear ablation rates of 0.0646 g/s and 0.0073 mm/s, which were 78.61 % and 98.36 % lower than those of epoxy resins, and exceeded most of the resin-based ablation-resistant materials reported in the literatures. The homogeneous silicone further slows down the pyrolysis rate of the epoxy resin and inhibits the release of pyrolysis products. During the carbonization and ceramization, the carbothermal reduction reaction between silicon and carbon occurs sufficiently in the homogeneous system, which enhanced the content of SiC ceramics in the carbon layer. Eventually, a dense char layer with low porosity and a highly graphitized structure constructed in situ on the ablative surface, which greatly improves the ablative resistance. Furthermore, its exceptional mechanical properties render it capable of substituting conventional resin-based thermal protection materials, thereby meeting the stringent demands of challenging environments. [Display omitted] • The microphase structure of silicon was modulated by silicon content, ring-opening and grafting reactions. • Homogeneous phase silicone-epoxy resins exhibit exceptional ablative resistance. • The relationship between the silicon phase structure and the pyrolysis, ceramifiable and ablation mechanism is revealed. • This work provides a superior method for the preparation of high toughness and thermal protective coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterprise environmental performance has always been the core topic of enterprise environmental management. Under the promotion of the new generation of technological revolution, whether enterprise digitalization can help improve enterprise environmental performance has become a new research hotspot. Taking Chinese A-share listed industrial enterprises as the research sample, this paper discusses the influence mechanism of digitalization on corporate environmental performance. The results show that:(1) digital investment has a significant U-shaped relationship with corporate environmental performance; (2) Technological innovation is an important intermediary channel through which digital investment promotes enterprise environmental performance: digital investment can positively promote technological innovation, and there is also a significant U-shaped relationship between technological innovation and corporate environmental performance; (3) The hometown identification degree of executives positively moderates the relationship between technological innovation and corporate environmental performance. Accordingly, we suggest that companies need to adopt hedging policies in the early stage to reduce the adverse environmental effects caused by digital technology and accelerate the digital transformation of enterprises and promote the development of technological innovation to achieve the goal of coordinated environmental protection. Finally, we hope that executives will actively participate in this activity and jointly promote the development of this cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein-1) is a T cell-intrinsic checkpoint regulator of exhaustion with an unknown mechanism of action. Here, we show that PSGL-1 acts upstream of PD-1 and requires co-ligation with the T cell receptor (TCR) to attenuate activation of mouse and human CD8+ T cells and drive terminal T cell exhaustion. PSGL-1 directly restrains TCR signaling via Zap70 and maintains expression of the Zap70 inhibitor Sts-1. PSGL-1 deficiency empowers CD8+ T cells to respond to low-affinity TCR ligands and inhibit growth of PD-1-blockade-resistant melanoma by enabling tumor-infiltrating T cells to sustain an elevated metabolic gene signature supportive of increased glycolysis and glucose uptake to promote effector function. This outcome is coupled to an increased abundance of CD8+ T cell stem cell-like progenitors that maintain effector functions. Additionally, pharmacologic blockade of PSGL-1 curtails T cell exhaustion, indicating that PSGL-1 represents an immunotherapeutic target for PD-1-blockade-resistant tumors. [Display omitted] • PSGL-1 restrains TCR signaling and glycolytic potential of CD8+ T cells • PSGL-1 deficiency limits CD8+ T cell exhaustion and supports precursor populations • Co-ligation of PSGL-1 and the TCR promotes T cell exhaustion in CD8+ T cells • PSGL-1 therapeutic blockade promotes T cell responses and melanoma tumor control In this study, Hope et al. reveal intrinsic mechanisms through which the cell surface molecule PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein-1) modulates T cell responses and drives differentiation to terminal exhaustion in chronic virus infection and melanoma. Their study highlights the targetability of PSGL-1 as an emerging immune checkpoint blockade strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new limonoids, named hainanxylogranolides A–F (1 – 6), together with nineteen known ones (7 – 25) were isolated from the seeds of a Hainan mangrove Xylocarpus granatum. The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive NMR spectroscopic data combined with the DFT and TDDFT calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Hainanxylogranolide A (1) is the aromatic B-ring limonoid containing a central pyridine ring and a C-17 substituted γ (21)-hydroxybutenolide moiety. Hainanxylogranolide B (2) belongs to the small group of mexicanolides containing a C 3 – O –C 8 bridge, whereas hainanxylogranolides C and D (3 and 4) are mexicanolides comprising a C 1 – O –C 8 bridge. Compounds 9 and 25 posed obvious inhibition effect on the tube formation of HUVECs. There are only about 25% tube-like structures were observed at the concentration of 40.0 μM of compound 25. The antiviral activities of the isolates against herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) were tested in vitro. Compound 23 exhibited moderate anti-SFTSV activity with the IC 50 value of 29.58 ± 0.73 μM. This is the first report of anti-angiogenic effect and anti-SFTSV activity of limonoids from the genus Xylocarpus. Hainanxylogranolides A–F: New Limonoids isolated from the seeds of Hainan mangrove plant Xylocarpus granatum. Wan-Shan Li, Xue-Ping Lei, Xin-Tong Yan, Yu-Yue Qin, Guang-Ying Chen, Song Li, and Zhong-Ping Jiang. [Display omitted] • Six new limonoids, named hainanxylogranolides A–F (1 – 6), together with nineteen known ones (7 – 25) were isolated from the seeds of Hainan Xylocarpus granatum. • Hainanxylogranolide A (1) is an unusual limonoid containing a central pyridine ring and a C-17 substituted γ (21)-hydroxybutenolide moiety. To data, only seven pyridine-containing limonoids have been reported. • C ompounds 9 and 25 posed obvious inhibition effect on the tube formation of HUVECs. • C ompound 23 exhibited moderate anti-SFTSV activity with the IC 50 value of 29.58 ± 0.73 μM. • This is the first report of anti-angiogenic effect and anti-SFTSV activity of limonoids from the genus Xylocarpus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was found that the crack damage stress threshold, σ cd, is a phase transition point during the deformation process of rock and is equivalent to the unstable fixed point of renormalization group theory. Thus, a relationship exists between the renormalization group theory and the rock deformation process, through which we can investigate the critical behavior of rock deformation. Therefore, an improved renormalization group model, which takes into account the different stress transfer mechanisms that are closer to the actual mechanical processes, is introduced to reveal the critical behavior of the rock deformation process. Finally, a quantitative relationship between the crack damage stress threshold and peak strength, σ critical / σ peak, is theoretically established. To test the theoretical relationship we additionally present experimental results of an investigation of the ratio of the crack damage stress threshold to uniaxial compressive strength, σ cd / σ ucs, based on different rock types. The results show that the overall average and standard deviation of σ cd / σ ucs is 0.80 ( ± 0.10 ) for low-porosity igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, a figure that is closer to the theoretical solution of σ critical / σ peak from the improved renormalization group model with a stress transfer mechanism of S T M - 1 / r 3 . Our study implies that the σ critical / σ peak ratio may be intrinsic to low-porosity rocks, and therefore can be considered as a reliable predictor of the peak strength of rock samples in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel cold expansion process called the MBR-CEP for improving the surface integrity and fatigue life of small-deep holes is proposed. • The surface integrity state of small deep holes before and after the MBR-CEP is systematically analysed. • The average fatigue life of small deep holes after the MBR-CEP with expansion degree of 2.6% is increased by 8.05 times. • The reasons of fatigue life improvement are discussed in combination with surface integrity of small deep holes. Hole cold expansion is an effective anti-fatigue manufacturing technology, which is widely used in hole strengthening of aviation components. In this paper, a novel small-deep hole (with the diameter less than 2 mm and the depth greater than 10 mm) cold expansion process, called the multi-spherical bump rotating cold expansion process (MBR-CEP), was proposed and verified by experiments on the Inconel 718 superalloy. The MBR-CEP tool with multi-spherical bumps produced by the laser texturing process (LTP) was first designed, and the MBR-CEP with different expansion degrees (δ = 2.1%, 2.6%, and 3.1%) was conducted on small-deep hole specimens. The surface integrity of the small-deep holes before and after the MBR-CEP in the inlet, middle, and outlet areas was studied. Results showed that compared with the small-deep hole after reaming, the hole treated by the MBR-CEP with different δ formed a plastic deformation layer with a maximum depth of 32.73–85.54 μm, a minimum surface roughness of 0.115–0.138 μm in Ra, and a compressive residual stress (CRS) layer with a depth of 0.39–1.077 mm. In addition, the CRS increased by up to 84%, and the microhardness increased by up to 13%. The microstructure evolution on the top surface and sub-surface of the small-deep hole wall was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed that nanocrystals with the size of 48–90 nm and a large number of dislocations and deformation twins formed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed process was verified by fatigue tests with different δ at 400 ° C. The average fatigue life increased by 3.66 and 8.05 times under δ = 2.1% and 2.6%, respectively. The fatigue fracture surface was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed that low surface roughness and existence of a plastic deformation layer could effectively reduce the probability of crack initiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We provide a comprehensive review of androstadienone (AND) studies in physiology, behavior, cognition, and neural activity. • Inconsistent results and lack of standardized methods render the classification of AND as a "human sex pheromone" inconclusive. • Future research should follow rigorous pheromone identification steps, while application research may extend beyond its role and focus on practical effects. Androsta-4,16‑dien-3-one (androstadienone, AND), a steroid predominantly found in male secretions, has been associated with a variety of sex-specific effects on emotion, physiological states, cognition, and neural activity. An expanding body of literature has explored the influence of AND on human behavior and perception, leading to its frequent description as a "putative human sex pheromone." This article reviews the existing research on the physiological, cognitive, and neuroimaging effects of AND, critically assessing the evidence regarding its classification as a human sex pheromone. Additionally, it underscores the need for methodological standardization and rigor in future studies to establish clearer conclusions. Based on current evidence, the categorization of AND as a "human sex pheromone" remains inconclusive, highlighting the necessity for continued investigation. Future research directions are suggested to further elucidate AND's potential effects and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Class-switch recombination (CSR) involves replacement of the Cμ constant region with another downstream C H region. CSR is initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-mediated DNA breaks that are targeted to transcriptionally active switch (S) regions. S region promoters (Prs) direct synapsis by associating with the Eμ and 3′Eα enhancers that jointly anchor a chromatin loop. We report that asymmetric loop extrusion allows 3′Eα to track along the locus and form Pr-Pr-E interactions that mediate CSR between downstream S regions, followed by switching to donor Sμ. This alternative pathway bypasses sequential switching and creates immunoglobulin (Ig)E+ B cells in the absence of IgG1 expression. Based on the analysis of diagnostic CSR products in B cell subsets, we identify a BCR-negative cell intermediate that is pivotal to efficient CSR. [Display omitted] • Loop extrusion drives germline transcript promoter-enhancer contacts during CSR • Promoter-promoter-3′ enhancer contacts mediate reverse sequential switching • Use of the three CSR pathways is mouse strain- and Ig isotype-specific • During CSR B cells become surface BCRneg then re-express IgM or a switched isotype Shen et al. report that 3′Eα tracks along the Igh locus via unidirectional loop extrusion to form germline transcript promoter (Pr)-Pr-E interactions that mediate an alternative CSR pathway. B cell intermediates of CSR are identified, which are AID-dependent, surface BCR-negative, and in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have demonstrated the importance of body weight in physical attractiveness, where thinness in women and leanness and muscularity in men are judged to be attractive. However, most research has focused on young adults, while less has investigated whether attractiveness judgments of body weight change with age. Here, we compared young and older adults' preferences for body physique in a Chinese population using 3D human body models. We found that the attractiveness judgments of body physique vary with age, where older adults have weaker preference for thinness in both male and female bodies than did young adults. These results present novel evidence that preferences for body size alters with age. We propose that the variation in preference for thinness is likely due to the difference in resource availability between generations. • Preferences for body physique vary with age. • Older adults have weaker preferences for thinness in both male and female bodies. • The association between body physique and attractiveness judgment is quadratic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysiloxanes are widely used in the preparation of ablative-resistant resins due to their tailored reactivity and ceramisable properties. Nevertheless, the mechanical and thermal properties may be negatively impacted by the presence of flexible chain segments and poor compatibility. In this study, the phase interface of silicon between epoxy was improved by a rigid interpenetrating crosslinked network constructing by bismaleimide. The pyrolysis of the silicone was inhibited and the oxidation resistance of the resin was enhanced. Both graphitization and ceramisation of the char layer during ablation are significantly improved. This endows the modified resin with outstanding ablative properties, with mass and linear ablation rates reduced to 0.0666 g/s and 0.0512 mm/s, respectively, which exceed those of some conventional ablative-resistant resins. Remarkably, the thermal and mechanical properties are significantly enhanced benefiting from the rigid crosslinked network and improved phase interfaces. Moreover, the destruction of mechanical properties of composites in high temperature environments caused by organosilicones has been effectively addressed. Bismaleimide/silicone co-modified epoxy resins can be used not only as ablative-resistant coatings, but also for the preparation of fire-resistant carbon fibre composites, providing a novel approach to the production of cost-effective, recyclable structural integrated materials for thermal protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Melanoma is a high fatality skin cancer which lacks effective drugs. Sasanquasaponin, an important sort of constituents in theaceae, has been demonstrated to have potent anti-tumor effect in breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. As a sasanquasaponin, we speculate that Sasanquasaponin III (SQS III) isolated from Schima crenata Korth may also have anti-tumor activity.Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether SQS III has anti-melanoma activity and examine the underlying mechanisms of SQS III against melanoma.Methods/study Designs: The anti-proliferative effect of SQS III was assessed by cells viability assay. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay was utilized for detection of apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were detected using JC-1 and DCFH-DA assay, respectively. Autophagy was monitored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and GFP-LC3 transfection fluorescence analysis. Autophagosome-lysosome fusion and lysosomal degradation were determined using a GFP-LC3 & LAMP1 co-localization assay and DQ-BSA staining. Proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy were analyzed by Western blotting.Results: Our results demonstrated that the SQS III exhibited potent anti-cancer activity in A375 cells by inducing both apoptosis and autophagy. In melanoma cells treated with SQS III, caspases were activated and PARP was cleaved, proving the occurrence of apoptosis. Mechanistic studies indicated that the pro-apoptosis activity of SQS III was mediated by death receptor pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction which was induced by ROS accumulation and reversed by the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). In addition to triggering apoptosis, SQS III may also cause autophagy in melanoma cells. Our results demonstrated that SQS III induced up-regulated expression of GFP-LC3, autophagosome-lysosomal fusion and lysosomal degradation. Additionally, the ROS accumulation was also involved in the activation of autophagy. Meanwhile, it was also found that after SQS III treatment, the expression of LC3-II was up-regulated and the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was inhibited. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA converted cytotoxicity and apoptosis of SQS III in A375 cells, which indicated that autophagy promoted the SQS III-induced apoptosis.Conclusion: SQS III showed potent anti-cancer activity by inducing apoptosis and autophagy, which provides insights into its possible use as a therapy for melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samarones A–D ( 1 – 4 ), four new acylphloroglucinol derivatives bearing a C 17 alkyl side chain, along with five known analogues ( 5 – 9 ), were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium samarangense . Their structures were characterized on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods including HR-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1 – 3 and 5 – 9 against HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cells were also evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kopsileuconines A−D (1 − 4), four monoterpenoid bisindole alkaloids with unprecedented skeletons, along with their biosynthetically related precursors (5 − 8) were isolated from the roots of Kopsia hainanensis. Compound 1 possessed an undescribed C-6−C-5′ dimerization pattern of aspidofractinine-type alkaloids. Compounds 2 − 4 were rhazinilam-kopsine (2) and rhazinilam-aspidofractinine type (3 and 4) bisindole alkaloids with undescribed skeletons, respectively. Their structures with absolute configurations were fully accomplished by extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum-chemical calculations, and X-ray crystallography. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1 − 4 was proposed. Compound 2 exhibited a significant inhibitory effect against human lung cancer cell lines PC9 (EGFR mutant), with an IC 50 value of 15.07 ± 1.19 μM. Four monoterpenoid bisindole alkaloids (1 − 4) with unprecedented skeletons, along with their biosynthetically related precursors (5 − 8) were isolated from the roots of Kopsia hainanensis. Compound 2 displayed a significant inhibitory effect against human lung cancer cell lines PC9 (EGFR mutant). [Display omitted] • Four monoterpenoid bisindole alkaloids with unprecedented skeletons were isolated from the roots of Kopsia hainanensis. • Compounds 2 − 4 were rhazinilam-kopsine (2) and rhazinilam-aspidofractinine type (3 and 4) bisindole alkaloids , respectively. • Compound 2 significantly induced the apoptosis of PC9 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Testosterone administration increases men's facial femininity preferences. • Chinese men preferred femininity over masculinity in women's faces. • Testosterone has a causal effect on men's facial preferences. Sex hormones are thought to influence human mate preferences. Previous studies have reported mixed results regarding the association between men's testosterone levels and their mate preferences. The present study investigated the effect of testosterone administration on men's facial femininity preference. Heterosexual Chinese male participants (n = 140) received a single dose of 150 mg testosterone or placebo gel in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-participant design. Results showed that Chinese men demonstrated general preferences for feminized women's faces, consistent with previous results from the Western population. More importantly, men showed stronger attraction to femininity in women's faces three hours after testosterone administration than at the beginning of the session. In the placebo group, no significant change in facial femininity preferences was found between time points. These results indicate that exogenous testosterone increases men's facial femininity preferences in a Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Effects of testing conditions and hole geometries on fatigue life are investigated. • A data-driven prediction model is developed for holed specimens after cold expansion process. • Feature importance and uncertainty analysis are implemented for fatigue life improvement. Cold expansion process (CEP) is an effective anti-fatigue manufacturing technology, which is widely used in the hole strengthening of aviation components. In this study, the multi-convex hulls rotary cold expansion process (MCR-CEP) is applied to improve the fatigue life of hole structures. In order to verify the robustness and effectiveness of MCR-CEP on fatigue life improvement, a series of fatigue tests are conducted for the hole specimens with different hole diameters from 1 to 3 mm under different loading conditions of temperatures from 300 to 700 ℃ and maximum stress from 650 to 1100 MPa. Results show that the fatigue life of hole specimens is improved by MCR-CEP at lower temperatures and loading stresses. Subsequently, a data-driven procedure with the combination of finite element method (FEM) and machine learning (ML) models is constructed for predicting the fatigue life of hole specimens. Compared with the experimental results, the data-driven life prediction method based on the random forest regression (RFR) model performs the highest prediction accuracy, and all the data points are located within ± 2.5 error band. Finally, the feature importance and uncertainty analysis are carried out with the help of the ML-based models. The tested temperature and maximum loading stress are the dominant features of the fatigue life for the hole specimens. More importantly, adequate experimental data and high machining accuracy are essential conditions for the reliability of aviation components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirteen new cantharidin derivatives including six cantharimide-amino acid adducts ( 1 – 6 ), five cantharimide dimers ( 7 – 11 ) and two cantharimide-aromatic compound hybrids ( 12 – 13 ) were isolated from Mylabris phalerata Pallas. Compounds 1 – 5 represent the first natural products combined through cantharimide and neutral amino acids. Compounds 7 – 11 are the first cantharimide dimers consisting of two different cantharimide cores. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by means of NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and semi-synthesis. Compound 6 showed weak cytotoxicity against HepG2, A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC 50 values of 15.70 ± 3.06, 20.67 ± 4.05 and 23.79 ± 4.54 μ M, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fatigue life of holed structures is improved by a novel cold expansion process. • Fatigue life is accurately predicted by a specific dual-scale numerical approach. • Residual stress is addressed to be the dominant role in fatigue life improvement. In this work, the process-performance-prediction integration (3P integration) is developed to improve the fatigue life and reveal the strengthening mechanisms of holed structures after a novel cold expansion process (CEP), where a specific dual-scale modelling approach is proposed to refine the close-loop system. In macro-scale simulation, the cyclic deformation behavior is addressed by an isotropic constitutive model, where the residual stress distribution extracted from CEP simulation is set as initial stress field. The local deformation histories in weak region calculated from the macro-scale simulation are supplied to micro-scale simulation as boundary conditions. The micro-scale simulation solves the local damage evolution of holed structures after CEP by using a modified crystal plasticity theory that grain size effect is considered. Excellent agreements between experimental data and predicted results in terms of fatigue life and damage mechanisms prove the robustness and accuracy of the proposed dual-scale modelling approach. Finally, a feedback link in 3P integration is established by the proposed approach combined with different residual stresses and plastic layers. The significant fatigue life improvement is mainly ascribed to residual stress, while plastic layer plays a synergistic role in life performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]