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12. First search for K+ → π0πμe decays

Author

Ashraf, M.U., Cortina Gil, E., Minucci, E., Padolski, S., Petrov, P., Shaikhiev, A., Volpe, R., Numao, T., Petrov, Y., Velghe, B., Wong, V.W.S., Bryman, D., Fu, J., Hives, Z., Husek, T., Jerhot, J., Kampf, K., Kolesar, M., Zamkovsky, M., De Martino, B., Perrin-Terrin, M., Döbrich, B., Lezki, S., Schubert, J., Akmete, A.T., Aliberti, R., Khoriauli, G., Kunze, J., Lomidze, D., Peruzzo, L., Vormstein, M., Wanke, R., Dalpiaz, P., Fiorini, M., Neri, I., Norton, A., Petrucci, F., Soldani, M., Wahl, H., Bandiera, L., Cotta Ramusino, A., Gianoli, A., Romagnoni, M., Sytov, A., Iacopini, E., Latino, G., Lenti, M., Lo Chiatto, P., Panichi, I., Parenti, A., Bizzeti, A., Bucci, F., Antonelli, A., Georgiev, G., Kozhuharov, V., Lanfranchi, G., Martellotti, S., Moulson, M., Spadaro, T., Tinti, G., Ambrosino, F., Capussela, T., Corvino, M., D'Errico, M., Di Filippo, D., Fiorenza, R., Francesconi, M., Giordano, R., Massarotti, P., Mirra, M., Napolitano, M., Rosa, I., Saracino, G., Anzivino, G., Brizioli, F., Imbergamo, E., Lollini, R., Piandani, R., Santoni, C., Barbanera, M., Cenci, P., Checcucci, B., Lubrano, P., Lupi, M., Pepe, M., Piccini, M., Costantini, F., Di Lella, L., Doble, N., Giorgi, M., Giudici, S., Lamanna, G., Lari, E., Pedreschi, E., Sozzi, M., Cerri, C., Fantechi, R., Pontisso, L., Spinella, F., Mannelli, I., D'Agostini, G., Raggi, M., Biagioni, A., Cretaro, P., Frezza, O., Leonardi, E., Lonardo, A., Turisini, M., Valente, P., Vicini, P., Ammendola, R., Bonaiuto, V., Fucci, A., Salamon, A., Sargeni, F., Arcidiacono, R., Bloch-Devaux, B., Boretto, M., Menichetti, E., Migliore, E., Soldi, D., Biino, C., Filippi, A., Marchetto, F., Briano Olvera, A., Engelfried, J., Estrada-Tristan, N., Reyes Santos, M.A., Rodriguez Rivera, K.A., Boboc, P., Bragadireanu, A.M., Ghinescu, S.A., Hutanu, O.E., Bician, L., Blazek, T., Cerny, V., Kucerova, Z., Velas, T., Bernhard, J., Ceccucci, A., Ceoletta, M., Danielsson, H., De Simone, N., Duval, F., Federici, L., Gamberini, E., Gatignon, L., Guida, R., Hahn, F., Holzer, E.B., Jenninger, B., Koval, M., Laycock, P., Lehmann Miotto, G., Lichard, P., Mapelli, A., Massri, K., Noy, M., Palladino, V., Pinzino, J., Ryjov, V., Schuchmann, S., Venditti, S., Chang, X., Kleimenova, A., Marchevski, R., Bache, T., Brunetti, M.B., Duk, V., Fascianelli, V., Fry, J.R., Gonnella, F., Goudzovski, E., Henshaw, J., Iacobuzio, L., Kenworthy, C., Lazzeroni, C., Lurkin, N., Newson, F., Parkinson, C., Romano, A., Sanders, J., Sergi, A., Sturgess, A., Swallow, J., Tomczak, A., Heath, H., Page, R., Trilov, S., Angelucci, B., Britton, D., Graham, C., Protopopescu, D., Carmignani, J., Dainton, J.B., Jones, R.W.L., Ruggiero, G., Fulton, L., Hutchcroft, D., Maurice, E., Wrona, B., Conovaloff, A., Cooper, P., Coward, D., Rubin, P., Baeva, A., Baigarashev, D., Bautin, V., Emelyanov, D., Enik, T., Falaleev, V., Fedotov, S., Gorshanov, K., Gushchin, E., Kekelidze, V., Kereibay, D., Kholodenko, S., Khotyantsev, A., Korotkova, A., Kudenko, Y., Kurochka, V., Kurshetsov, V., Litov, L., Madigozhin, D., Medvedeva, M., Mefodev, A., Misheva, M., Molokanova, N., Movchan, S., Obraztsov, V., Okhotnikov, A., Ostankov, A., Polenkevich, I., Potrebenikov, Yu., Sadovskiy, A., Salamatin, K., Semenov, V., Shkarovskiy, S., Sugonyaev, V., Yushchenko, O., and Zinchenko, A.

Published
2024
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23. Measurement of the K+ → π+γγ decay

Author

Cortina Gil, E., Kleimenova, A., Minucci, E., Padolski, S., Petrov, P., Shaikhiev, A., Volpe, R., Numao, T., Petrov, Y., Velghe, B., Wong, V.W.S., Bryman, D., Fu, J., Hives, Z., Husek, T., Jerhot, J., Kampf, K., Zamkovsky, M., De Martino, B., Perrin-Terrin, M., Döbrich, B., Lezki, S., Akmete, A.T., Aliberti, R., Khoriauli, G., Kunze, J., Lomidze, D., Peruzzo, L., Vormstein, M., Wanke, R., Dalpiaz, P., Fiorini, M., Mazzolari, A., Neri, I., Norton, A., Petrucci, F., Soldani, M., Wahl, H., Bandiera, L., Cotta Ramusino, A., Gianoli, A., Romagnoni, M., Sytov, A., Iacopini, E., Latino, G., Lenti, M., Lo Chiatto, P., Panichi, I., Parenti, A., Bizzeti, A., Bucci, F., Antonelli, A., Georgiev, G., Kozhuharov, V., Lanfranchi, G., Martellotti, S., Moulson, M., Spadaro, T., Tinti, G., Ambrosino, F., Capussela, T., Corvino, M., D'Errico, M., Di Filippo, D., Fiorenza, R., Giordano, R., Massarotti, P., Mirra, M., Napolitano, M., Rosa, I., Saracino, G., Anzivino, G., Brizioli, F., Imbergamo, E., Lollini, R., Piandani, R., Santoni, C., Barbanera, M., Cenci, P., Checcucci, B., Lubrano, P., Lupi, M., Pepe, M., Piccini, M., Costantini, F., Di Lella, L., Doble, N., Giorgi, M., Giudici, S., Lamanna, G., Lari, E., Pedreschi, E., Sozzi, M., Cerri, C., Fantechi, R., Pontisso, L., Spinella, F., Mannelli, I., D'Agostini, G., Raggi, M., Biagioni, A., Cretaro, P., Frezza, O., Leonardi, E., Lonardo, A., Turisini, M., Valente, P., Vicini, P., Ammendola, R., Bonaiuto, V., Fucci, A., Salamon, A., Sargeni, F., Arcidiacono, R., Bloch-Devaux, B., Boretto, M., Menichetti, E., Migliore, E., Soldi, D., Biino, C., Filippi, A., Marchetto, F., Briano Olvera, A., Engelfried, J., Estrada-Tristan, N., Reyes Santos, M.A., Rodriguez Rivera, K.A., Boboc, P., Bragadireanu, A.M., Ghinescu, S.A., Hutanu, O.E., Bician, L., Blazek, T., Cerny, V., Kucerova, Z., Bernhard, J., Ceccucci, A., Ceoletta, M., Danielsson, H., De Simone, N., Duval, F., Federici, L., Gamberini, E., Gatignon, L., Guida, R., Hahn, F., Holzer, E.B., Jenninger, B., Koval, M., Laycock, P., Lehmann Miotto, G., Lichard, P., Mapelli, A., Marchevski, R., Massri, K., Noy, M., Palladino, V., Pinzino, J., Ryjov, V., Schuchmann, S., Venditti, S., Bache, T., Brunetti, M.B., Duk, V., Fascianelli, V., Fry, J.R., Gonnella, F., Goudzovski, E., Henshaw, J., Iacobuzio, L., Kenworthy, C., Lazzeroni, C., Lurkin, N., Newson, F., Parkinson, C., Romano, A., Sanders, J., Sergi, A., Sturgess, A., Swallow, J., Tomczak, A., Heath, H., Page, R., Trilov, S., Angelucci, B., Britton, D., Graham, C., Protopopescu, D., Carmignani, J., Dainton, J.B., Jones, R.W.L., Ruggiero, G., Fulton, L., Hutchcroft, D., Maurice, E., Wrona, B., Conovaloff, A., Cooper, P., Coward, D., Rubin, P., Baeva, A., Baigarashev, D., Emelyanov, D., Enik, T., Falaleev, V., Fedotov, S., Gorshanov, K., Gushchin, E., Kekelidze, V., Kereibay, D., Kholodenko, S., Khotyantsev, A., Korotkova, A., Kudenko, Y., Kurochka, V., Kurshetsov, V., Litov, L., Madigozhin, D., Medvedeva, M., Mefodev, A., Misheva, M., Molokanova, N., Movchan, S., Obraztsov, V., Okhotnikov, A., Ostankov, A., Polenkevich, I., Potrebenikov, Yu., Sadovskiy, A., Semenov, V., Shkarovskiy, S., Sugonyaev, V., Yushchenko, O., and Zinchenko, A.

Published
2024
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25. Revitalising Collyweston limestone slate production by artificial freeze/ thaw splitting

Author

Laycock, Elizabeth Anne, Jefferson, David, Hetherington, Steven, Clegg, Francis, and Wood, Christopher

Subjects
Historic buildings -- Design and construction, Buildings -- Maintenance and repair, Limestone -- Usage, Roofing -- Usage, Business, Construction and materials industries
Abstract

ABSTRACT Extraction of limestone roofing slate from Collyweston was an industry which was considered extinct by the early 1990's, with building repairs relying on wholesale recycling of roofing from demolished [...]

Published
2018
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34. Lifetimes and mechanisms of biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) in estuarine and marine field environments.

Author

Read, Tracey, Chaléat, Céline, Laycock, Bronwyn, Pratt, Steven, Lant, Paul, and Chan, Clement Matthew

Subjects
MARINE pollution, COASTS, SURFACE morphology, CITIES & towns, BIODEGRADATION, BIODEGRADABLE plastics, MARINE debris
Abstract

Coastal cities face significant challenges from plastic pollution, with most plastics being resistant to biodegradation. Biodegradable plastics are increasingly used to address this issue, particularly for items prone to entering, and then accumulating, in waterways, through littering or leakage. Among biodegradable plastics, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are notable as bioderived, bacterially synthesised aliphatic polyesters that are readily biodegradable in varied environments. This study focuses on the lifetimes and biodegradation behaviour of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) sheets submerged in five different aquatic environments (under both surface and benthic conditions) within a single coastal zone over 51 weeks. The biodegradation was characterised through mass and thickness loss, and changes in surface morphology, thermal and mechanical properties, and molecular weight. The findings revealed that the lifetimes of PHBV sheets varied between benthic and surface sites, with all benthic sites exhibiting faster biodegradation rates (0.068 ± 0.019 mg.d−1.cm−2 to 0.163 ± 0.048 mg.d−1.cm−2) compared to the surface (0.032 ± 0.015 mg.d−1.cm−2). Lag times to initiation of biodegradation in the Marina benthic and River benthic sites were similar (9–25 days) with the two other benthic sites (Sea and Mesocosm) comparable with the Marina surface ranging from 41 to 110 days), indicating that the local environment has a stronger influence on lag time as opposed to the specific rate of mass loss following biodegradation onset. UV exposure did not impact the crystallinity of the surface sheets, which remained stable throughout the exposure period. Overall, if thin- walled, (∼150 μm) products made from PHA do leak into the aquatic environment and remain buoyant, then their lifetimes are forecast to be within 1–2 years; if they settle in benthic environments, their lifetimes are likely to be between 4 and 9 months. [Display omitted] • PHBV fully degraded in the field at all sites within the 51-week timeframe. • Benthic sites exhibited faster biodegradation rates than the surface site. • The main biodegradation differences were due to lag time, not specific rate. • UV exposure at the surface did not affect the polymer crystallinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Solvent-based synthesis, structural elucidation and thermal characterisation of free radical grafted PHBV.

Author

Lawless, Samuel, Laycock, Bronwyn, Lant, Paul, and Pratt, Steven

Subjects
*MOLECULAR weights, *GLASS transition temperature, *CHAIN scission, *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance, *DICUMYL peroxide
Abstract

• Solvent-based free radical grafting of PHBV confirmed and quantified via NMR spectroscopy up to 5.8 mol% of monomer units. • The grafted PHBV exhibited a depression in melting temperature and changes in crystallisation behaviour, potentially widening the processing window. • Some grafted products showed less severe molecular weight reductions compared to similar chemistries observed previously. This study investigates the solvent-based free-radical graft copolymerization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with C 11 (undecenoic acid, UDA), C 12 (dodecene, DD), and C 18 (octadecene, OD) alkene substrates using dicumyl peroxide as an initiator. Comprehensive Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to confirm and quantify grafting, which was achieved at up to 5.8 mol% of monomer units. Thermal analysis revealed a significant reduction in melting temperature for all modified PHBVs, ranging from 10-20°C decrease in comparison to virgin PHBV. A decrease in crystallisation temperature and a reduction in glass transition temperature was measured for the UDA and DD grafted PHBV. Additionally, molecular weight analysis showed a marked decrease in weight average molecular weight (M ¯ w) and number average molecular weight (M ¯ n) for PHBV grafted with UDA, which was attributed to the presence of carboxylic acid functionality, which accelerates chain scission. The molecular weight profiles of the dodecene and octadecene grafted PHBV were only marginally reduced (32% and 18% reductions in M ¯ w , respectively), which is a much less severe reduction than has been previously observed for similar chemistries. Overall, this work demonstrates that solvent-based free-radical graft copolymerization can reduce the melting temperature and disrupt the crystallinity of PHBV, hence improving its processability and progressing the field of PHA modification and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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36. A review of computational approaches used in the modelling, design, and manufacturing of biodegradable and biobased polymers.

Author

Laycock, Bronwyn G., Chan, Clement Matthew, and Halley, Peter J.

Subjects
*MACHINE learning, *MOLECULAR structure, *MOLECULAR probes, *RUBBER, *ARTIFICIAL intelligence, *MULTISCALE modeling
Abstract

The design and manufacture of new biodegradable and bioderived polymeric materials has traditionally taken place through experimentation and material characterisation. However, cutting-edge computational methods now provide a less expensive and more efficient approach to innovative biopolymer design and scale-up. In particular, the holistic framework provided by Materials 4.0 combines multiscale simulations and computational modelling with theory and next-generation informatics (big data integration and artificial intelligence) to model biopolymer structures, understand their flow and processibility, and predict their properties. These computational methods are being utilised to model and forecast the properties of a wide variety of biopolymeric materials, including the large family of biodegradable polyesters along with lignocellulosics, polysaccharides, proteinaceous materials, natural rubber, and so on. Ranging from quantum- to macroscale, computational modelling acts as a complement to traditional experimental techniques, probing molecular structure and intramolecular interactions as well as reaction mechanisms. This enables further kinetic modelling studies and molecular simulations. The research has been further expanded to include the use of machine learning approaches for material property optimisation in conjunction with expert knowledge and relevant experimental data. Aside from the modelling of structure-property relationships, computational modelling has also been used to predict the effect of biopolymer modifications and the influence of external factors such as the application of external fields or applied stress and the effects of moisture. In summary, there is a fast-developing library of computational modelling data for biopolymers, and the development of Materials 4.0 in this sector has enabled greater flexibility in design and processing options in advance of more expensive and time-consuming testing. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. Opioids in pain medicine.

Author

Casely, Emma and Laycock, Helen

Abstract

Opioids represent one of the most important classes of analgesic medication and are effective in acute and cancer pain management. Concerns exist regarding their utility in chronic non-cancer pain due to consequences of long-term use and lack of efficacy. Opioids bind to G protein-coupled receptors leading to a variety of physiological effects, including analgesia. Individual drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, actions across different physiological systems, side-effect profiles, routes of administration and patient factors that impact on drug efficacy, all need to be considered when choosing the appropriate opioid and preparation for individual patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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43. The extensional rheology of biodegradable polymers determines their propensity to be film blown.

Author

Lawless, Samuel, Laycock, Bronwyn, Lant, Paul, and Pratt, Steven

Subjects
*STRAIN hardening, *LOW density polyethylene, *MELTING points, *RHEOLOGY, *PACKAGING film, *BIODEGRADABLE plastics
Abstract

• Extensional rheology as a predictor for film blowing of biodegradable polymers. • Quantitative prediction of processing behaviour through degree of strain hardening. • Film blowing temperature window of biodegradable polymers enhanced through presence of partial crosslinking. Non-degradable plastic pollution, particularly from single-use packaging, poses a growing threat to the environment. To address this, biodegradable alternatives have gained attention. However, processing these biodegradable polymers into thin films for packaging applications remains a challenge due to their poor film blowing behaviour, which is neither well understood nor documented. This study presents a novel conceptual framework to help understand the underlying reasons for this poor performance. Through standardised methods, the systematic assessment of the extensional rheology behaviour of various biodegradable polymers relative to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was characterised over a range of temperatures and strain rates, with the degree of strain hardening being recorded for each. The extensional properties were then correlated with observations from pilot-scale film blowing experiments. The findings reveal that partial crosslinking (e.g. partially cross-linked polycaprolactone) facilitates significant strain hardening behaviour across a wide temperature range and allows for film blowing. Conversely, polymers that only display strain hardening at temperatures slightly above their melting point (e.g. poly(butylene adipate- co -terephthalate) and poly(butylene succinate)) are more challenging to film blow. Additionally, polymers lacking strain hardening behaviour (e.g. poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyvalerate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co- 3-hydroxyhexanoate), poly(lactic acid), and linear polycaprolactone) present difficulties in film blowing due to excessive sagging and low melt strength, resulting in bubble instability and collapse. This research sheds light on the rheological properties that impact the processability of biodegradable polymers for practical applications, providing valuable insights for the development of sustainable plastic alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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