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Urban mining is emerging as part of the process of the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China. The central government and local governments jointly promote the development of the urban mining industry. However, the existing literature mainly focuses on the current situation and the evaluation of the central government's policies and ignores the mechanism of local government industrial policies under the imperfect institutional environment in China. This paper selects the case study of Miluo city, which was included in one of China's first batches of urban mining demonstration bases, and it explores the evolution of local government industrial policies and the mechanism of how policies take effect in the development of the urban mining industry. The current research finds that (1) based on the creative implementation of central government industrial policies, the local government gradually cultivates the urban mining industry starting from collection and continuing through the evolution of the policy logic of "functional preferential policies → selective preferential policies → balanced policies" and the evolution of the government's role. (2) The urban mining industrial policies construct competitive advantages of industry by affecting the construction process of local capabilities. The policy effecting mechanism includes two pathways, namely, the direct interaction between government and enterprises, and the indirect interaction through intermediaries who connect the stakeholders and provide professional services. This paper contributes to the development of theories about the evolution of urban mining industrial policies and provides a new explanation for the local government's role in policies from the perspective of local capability theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affected by the dramatic growth in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and the gradual withdrawal of informal collectors, the traditional collection system appears to be undergoing an unprecedented decline in China. However, more than fifty internet-based collection entities have been founded in the past two years in China, reflecting the increased fusion of digital technology and traditional industries. Since these enterprises fully utilize digital technology, dynamic and profitable business ecosystems have been established to boost development. In this paper, two typical internet-based collection enterprises are chosen to represent the C2B (customer to business) and B2B (business to business) online collection models in China, allowing a comparative case study to be performed. The objective of this research is to analyze the structures, digital empowerment activities, and types of WEEE collection business ecosystems. One key result of our study is our map of the structure of WEEE collection business ecosystems, including the identification of key actors, such as suppliers, customers, online platforms, intermediaries and complementors, as well as the definition of links, such as information, material and money flow. The focal platform facilitates other actors by providing structural, psychological and resource empowerment. However, these business ecosystems differ in various ways, including with respect to the role of actors, the direction of information, material and money flow, the intensity of digital empowerment and platform position. Therefore, two types of business ecosystems are generalized: embedded business ecosystems and central business ecosystems. This study not only contributes to the existing business ecosystem literature by introducing digital empowerment but also expands the application areas of digital empowerment by investigating internet-based collection entities in China. Our results are theoretically important and have implications for the practical development of internet-based collection enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]