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Current evidence of resveratrol on physical activity were summarized using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Fourteen randomized controlled trials met the eligibility criteria. All included studies enrolled a few subjects. Five studies with 139 participants measured the same outcome and then were pooled using the meta-analysis program. The mean change between pre- and post-test when compared resveratrol to control on the peak oxygen uptake outcome is 0.30 mL/kg/min (−2.49 to 3.09). This meta-analysis results showed that resveratrol slightly increases a surrogate outcome of physical activity. However, the increment was not achieved minimally clinical significance of at least 2 mL/kg/min. In summary, resveratrol slightly improves one indicator of physical activity, but did not demonstrate statistical and clinical significances. However, these combined results were drawn out from multiple studies with small participants. Therefore, rigorous efficacy trials in large subjects are still warranted to ensure the effect of resveratrol on physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) recommends Rotavirus vaccines to prevent and control rotavirus infections. Economic evaluations (EE) have been considered to support decision making of national policy. Summarizing global experience of the economic value of rotavirus vaccines is crucial in order to encourage global WHO recommendations for vaccine uptake. Therefore, a systematic review of economic evaluations of rotavirus vaccine was conducted. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, NHS EED, EconLit, CEA Registry, SciELO, LILACS, CABI-Global Health Database, Popline, World Bank - e-Library, and WHOLIS. Full economic evaluations studies, published from inception to November 2015, evaluating Rotavirus vaccines preventing Rotavirus infections were included. The methods, assumptions, results and conclusions of the included studies were extracted and appraised using WHO guide for standardization of EE of immunization programs. Results: 104 relevant studies were included. The majority of studies were conducted in high-income countries. Cost-utility analysis was mostly reported in many studies using incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per DALY averted or QALY gained. Incremental cost per QALY gained was used in many studies from high-income countries. Mass routine vaccination against rotavirus provided the ICERs ranging from cost-saving to highly cost-effective in comparison to no vaccination among low-income countries. Among middle-income countries, vaccination offered the ICERs ranging from cost-saving to cost-effective. Due to low- or no subsidized price of rotavirus vaccines from external funders, being not cost-effective was reported in some high-income settings. Conclusion: Mass vaccination against rotavirus was generally found to be cost-effective, particularly in low- and middle-income settings according to the external subsidization of vaccine price. On the other hand, it may not be a cost-effective intervention at market price in some high-income settings. This systematic review provides supporting information to health policy-makers and health professionals when considering rotavirus vaccination as a national program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the efficacy of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) herbal extract on erectile function improvement.Methods: Comprehensive electronic databases were searched from inception through October 2014. Randomized controlled trials investigating Tongkat Ali compared to placebo were included. Outcome of interest was the improvement of erectile dysfunction. The difference of changes from baseline of the outcome between Tongkat Ali and placebo was pooled using weighted mean difference (WMD). Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using Jadad's quality scale and Cochrane's risk of bias.Results: Of the 342 articles identified, 2 studies involving a total of 139 participants were analyzed. No significance between group difference was found in the mean WMD of the change in the 5- item version of the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) at week-12 (0.91; 95% CI: -1.50 to 3.33 with I(2)=89.5%, P-value=0.002) with statistical heterogeneity. Based on the subgroup analysis, significant improved IIEF-5 score of 2.15 (95% CI 1.03-3.27) was found in subjects with lower baseline IIEF-5 score, but this was not seen among those with higher baseline IIEF-5 score.Conclusion: Based on current evidence, the herbal extract of Tongkat Ali may have clinical effect on erectile function. However, more efficacy trials are warranted to further support current evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]