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The extrusion-based fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become the most frequently used additive manufacturing method because of its shorten production time and cost. However, low surface quality remains a limitation to meet the regulatory standards set by traditional manufacturing, which requires post-processing to improve it. In this work, annealing and acetone vapor treatments are applied to short glass fiber reinforced PLA/TPU composites parts obtained by FDM, respectively. Their effects on the surface finishing, dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of FDM parts using different post-processing methods are compared. The result shows that the annealing treatment dramatically improves the surface finish, but can reduce the dimensional accuracy and ductility of the FDM parts. Better ductility and dimensional accuracy but lower tensile strength are obtained by using acetone vapor treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at analyzing dynamic behavior for the full operation cycle considering various alternatives and constraints related to small-scale and seaborne environment for a BOG re-liquefaction process in LNG-fueled ships, leading to significant enhancement of its operability. The design framework includes steady-state modeling, dynamic modeling and control system, with which system-wide dynamic characteristics are readily investigated and operating guidelines for achieving optimal process operations are obtained. Equipment sizing with the appropriate choice of design parameters is made such that the dynamic model developed in this study simulates non-steady-state characteristics in a realistic manner. 8 different process control schemes are proposed, and their technical gains as well as dynamic characteristics are investigated in details. The control algorithms are assessed through controllability analysis, including open loop test, open loop disturbance test and dynamic response against disturbances. For improving process efficiency, operation procedure for shut-down and start-up is designed with constraints imposed such as rotating speed variation and inert material filling for the effective and practically-adequate control for a refrigeration cycle, with which feasible heat transfer can be readily maintained. The case study presented fully demonstrates the validity and applicability of the control system proposed in this study. Image 1 • Dynamic modeling of small-scale BOG liquefaction process. • Development of control algorithms based on the DOF (Degrees of Freedom) analysis. • Systematic evaluation of control logics with controllability analysis. • Formulation of operation procedure for shut-down and start-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel and simple optimization methods have been developed for the cost-effective design and operation of domestic and commercial energy systems when energy consumers have access to renewable energy. The new optimization framework is formulated such that time-dependent variations in energy demand and renewable energy availability are accommodated, while unnecessary non-linearity and computational complexities are avoided. The simplicity in the optimization model with a proposed solution strategy enables the use of a spreadsheet-based solver that adequately encapsulates the impact of renewable energy integration on fossil fuel-based energy generation and predicts economic sizes of energy storage units. The developed optimization model also allows economic trade-offs between capital investment and operation costs, which determines the cost-effective operational profiles of energy supplies and its exchange through energy storage. To demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed optimization models, case studies are conducted to identify the most cost-effective energy generation and utilization of renewable energy through a storage unit for different levels of renewable energy use; for example, up to 40% and 20% wind and solar energy contributions, respectively, are considered for summer and winter subject to constraints on the capacity or heat-to-power ratio of conventional energy generators. [Display omitted] • The study presents a new optimization model for renewable-integrated energy systems. • Optimal sizing and design of energy storage is important for renewable integration. • Design complexities are effectively dealt with the optimization model proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type B3 thymoma and thymic squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) often cause a diagnostic problem due to their histological similarities. The aim of this study is to identify EZH2 as a novel and powerful biomarker that can effectively distinguish thymic SqCC from type B3 thymoma, and find optimal combinations among 11 markers. A total of 53 patients, comprising 26 with type B3 thymoma and 27 with thymic SqCC, were allocated to the discovery or validation cohorts, and immunohistochemical staining was performed and analyzed. The expression level of each marker was scored, and receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate their diagnostic accuracies. This analysis identified EZH2, C-KIT, and CD205 as useful markers for distinguishing thymic SqCC, and a combined panel approach using them further improved diagnostic accuracy in both the discovery and validation cohorts. In the combined cohorts analysis, EZH2 was the single best marker with 88.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.967]. The sensitivity and specificity were 85.2% and 100% (AUC = 0.962) for C-KIT, and 100% and 73.1% (AUC = 0.844) for CD205. The combined panel had the highest sensitivity and specificity at 96.3% and 100%, which was significantly or marginally higher than those of EZH2, C-KIT, and CD205 alone ( P  = 0.071, 0.034, and 0.005, respectively). The present findings indicate that EZH2 is useful as a novel diagnostic marker for distinguishing thymic SqCC and that the panel approach can be used as an effective differential diagnostic tool in daily practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by the injection of CO 2 into the oil reservoir is widely practiced for stimulating oil production, which is also favorable for CCS (carbon capture and storage) due to the effect of sequestrating CO 2 into the empty space of the reservoir along with oil production. Although economic and environmental benefits can be obtained through CO 2 EOR, it requires considerable capital investment and expenditure for the operation. Therefore, it is helpful to assess systematically the life-time effect of CO 2 EOR by evaluating the capital and energy flow. Rather considering collectively overall mass flows of CO 2 purchase, recycling, sequestration and oil production throughout the whole life-cycle, this study presents the assessment of CO 2 EOR in a multi-period manner in which CO 2 supply is systematically scheduled, subject to the availability of external CO 2 sources and time-dependent relationship between CO 2 injection, CO 2 supply and CO 2 recycle. The methodological procedure for the proposed economical assessment is presented with the case study, in which CO 2 supply schedule is optimized to maximize net present value (NPV), considering the constraints imposed by time-dependent availability of CO 2 supply sources. Sensitivity analysis of key design parameters is performed to gain conceptual insights for the design and operation of CO 2 EOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide capture based on membrane separation process is one of the most promising methods to reduce greenhouse gases emissions. Many studies concerning economic competitiveness of membrane separation processes have been conducted. Heat exchangers can be effectively used to reduce the total energy consumption in the membrane separation process. The two-stage membrane separation processes considered in this work include heat exchangers with H 2 O sweep. The necessity of this work arose from the need to apply the heat exchanger network analysis in order to identify the optimal process configuration based on the process models. Typical multicomponent separation models for the counter-current flow pattern using hollowfiber membranes are validated with experimental data. Effects of the pressure ratio and membrane area to achieve a target CO 2 purity (90%) and recovery (90%) are investigated. Energy analysis including heat recovery and utility power are performed using pinch technology. The results show that significant amount of total energy (1.31 MJ/kg CO 2 ) can be reduced by introducing heat exchangers compared to the two-stage separation process without heat exchangers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical absorption using amine solvents is the most commercially recognized technology to capture CO 2 from the SMR-based hydrogen production plant. Most studies focused on the use of PSA inlet or tail gas streams to remove CO 2 using MDEA solvent which is limited to about 60% of total plant CO 2 emitted. Whilst the capture of a flue gas stream has been reported via the MEA solvent to remove 90% CO 2 yet at relatively higher costs. A systematic investigation is required to identify the cost-effective use of the absorption processes when multiple positions are available for CO 2 capture. In this study, multiple cases of the CO 2 absorption process have been evaluated using MEA or MDEA solvents. Especially, a novel design for the simultaneous removal of CO 2 from the flue gas of a reformer and the PSA inlet gas stream is proposed and its techno-economic benefits are examined. For this purpose, the rate-based model has been implemented in the MATLAB environment to simulate the absorption process, whereas the solvent regeneration energy and the capital and operating costs of the main equipment have been estimated using the correlations taken from the literature. The new system based on the sequential reuse of MEA solvent for two streams is found to be the most economic process to remove 99% of total plant CO 2. The annualized cost of the proposed system is found 17.9% less in comparison to the best relevant conventional studied system of simultaneously removing CO 2 from the PSA inlet and reformer flue gas streams using MEA and MDEA solvents. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable attention has been paid to the electrified energy supply based on renewable energy for achieving carbon-neutrality. A systematic and integrated approach is required to identify optimal operating strategies for the integration of electrified energy sources with conventional utility systems and to understand the techno-economic impact of using renewable energy on industrial energy management. Renewable-integrated industrial utility systems are modeled, which is optimized to investigate economic trade-off between capital investment, fuel consumption, power generation, and CO 2 emission tax. Sensitivity of key design parameters is examined with the optimization framework, which allows to gain conceptual understanding on the economic impact of CO 2 emission tax and prices of renewable electricity on site-wide heat and power management. Compared to the utility system based on the combustion of fossil fuels only, the operating cost of renewable-integrated system in the case study can be reduced about 14% in the operating cost and 9% in the capital cost through the strategic import of 20 MW e renewable electricity. The presented case studies fully illustrate economic impacts related to the implementation of renewable electricity to industrial utility systems and demonstrate the benefit of process-integrated optimization for renewable energy integration in practice. • Techno-economic assessment of renewable-integrated industrial site utility systems. • Operational optimization of utility systems subject to renewable energy utilization. • Case study for the industrial energy management under renewable electricity. • Renewable integration offers the considerable reduction in capital and operating cost. • Understanding on the economic impact of CO 2 tax and renewable energy prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Backgrounds Variation among ethnic groups in the association between obesity and insulin resistance (IR)/diabetes has been suggested, but studies reported inconsistent results. We evaluated ethnic differences in the association between obesity and insulin resistance (IR)/diabetes. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using Korea ( n = 18,845) and the USA ( n = 4657) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) 2007–2010. We performed statistical comparisons of AUC-ROC (area under the curve in a receiver operating characteristic curve) values for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) to predict IR or diabetes among different ethnic groups. Results AUC-ROC values for BMI and WC for predicting IR were highest in Whites (0.8324 and 0.8468) and lowest in Koreans (0.7422 and 0.7367). Whites showed the highest AUC-ROC values for BMI (0.6869) and WC (0.7421) for predicting diabetes, while the AUC-ROC for HOMA-IR was highest in Koreans (0.8861). Linear regression showed significant interactions between ethnicity and the main effects (all P < 0.0001). Increases in BMI were associated with a larger increase in HOMA-IR in Whites ( β = 0.0719) and WC in Hispanics ( β = 0.0324), while BMI was associated with a larger increase in fasting glucose in Koreans ( β = 0.8279) and WC in Blacks ( β = 0.4037). In addition, the slope for fasting glucose with increasing HOMA-IR was steeper in Koreans ( β = 16.5952, P < 0.001) than in other groups. Conclusion The ability of BMI and WC to predict IR and diabetes was highest in Whites, while the ability of HOMA-IR to predict diabetes was highest in Koreans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial energy systems under electrified heating were examined to understand the techno-economic impact of electrification on the supply of heat at the process level and the management of heat and power at the site level. Two case studies for chemical production were conducted to discuss the possible designs of electrified heat supply for processing industries and to compare the characteristics of heat recovery networks and utility systems under electrification with those under conventional fossil-fuel energy systems. The application of the heat-integrated design method is effective in providing design strategies for the transformation to electrified energy systems, as well as in evaluating plant-wide implications of electrification in practice. The design interaction between heat recovery and electrification was also investigated, and the cost-effectiveness of electrified energy systems was found to be highly influenced by heat recovery. The current study demonstrated that industrial electrification can be a practical alternative for industrial energy supply and that electrified heating can be economical with a low-cost and renewable source of electricity. • Heat-integrated design of chemical processes with electrified heating. • Plant-wide design of industrial utility systems under electrification. • Case studies for electrified energy systems with techno-economic analysis. • Heat integration design method for power-to-heat applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The LCA study of biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate was performed. [•] The reduction ratio of GHG emissions to fossil diesel is found to amount to 86.5%. [•] The net energy ratio is found to be 3.23. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An optimisation model for the composition of mixed working fluids for (Organic Rankine Cycles) ORCs and Kalina cycles has been developed. The temperatures investigated were 100 °C–250 °C for the heat source and 30 °C for the heat sink. The optimisation method of the composition was carried out with Simulated Annealing technique with the objective function of maximising the thermal efficiency of the cycle, based on 1 MW of heat source. The results show that the pure component organic fluids are more energy-efficient than mixed organic fluids. The selection of organic working fluids was studied for achieving maximum cycle efficiency at a given operating temperature. The composition of the Kalina cycle was also optimised and it was found that for a maximum temperature of 250 °C, the minimum ammonia concentration in the ammonia–water mixture was 73.8% mol fraction. A novel consideration of employing alcohol–water mixtures in the cycle was also investigated and the most efficient mixture at 250 °C was methanol and water mixture when compared to the Kalina cycle and steam Rankine Cycle. The study showed overall that the optimal choice of working fluids for a particular type of cycle would depend on the operating temperature and pressure. The developed design method can be useful for engineers to evaluate the performance of the cycles considering a wide range of working fluids, and determines the optimal choice of working fluids and operating conditions of the cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A graphical approach for the design of heat-integrated water systems has been proposed to improve conceptual understanding for implications of heat recovery in water systems, as well as to provide systematic design guidelines for selecting most appropriate integrated options in practice. The developed design method aims to fully exploit water reuse potentials between water-using operations, and simultaneously to minimise any potential degradation of energy recovery resulted from water reuse. Graphical representations of heat-integrated water systems and their manipulation have been applied to investigate systematically design interactions, impacts associated with stream merging and splitting, and influences of non-isothermal mixing on heat recovery. Water Energy Balance Diagram has been developed to improve energy recovery in water reuse network. Energy-efficient and cost-effective configuration for heat recovery has been identified, using improved Separate System Approach. The proposed approach significantly reduces both water and energy requirements for single-contaminant water systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A systematic design methodology for the electrified supply of heat in process industries is developed to provide process design guidelines for economic and energy-efficient transition from a fossil-fuelled energy system to a renewable-based electricity system. The most appropriate strategy for the implementation of electrified sources for energy systems is proposed in the context of Heat Integration. Design implications related to the introduction of electrified sources for industries are fully investigated for the design of heat recovery systems between conventional fossil-fuelled systems and electrified systems. As the electricity-based heating systems allows more degrees of freedom for the design of the HEN (Heat Exchanger Network) than fossil-fuel-based systems, design complexities of HEN under electrification can be considerably reduced. This is illustrated with a few cases of heat recovery system in which capital cost and design complexities can be minimized by considering the electrified energy supply and their characteristics in an effective and integrated manner. Preliminary techno-economic assessment for electrified energy recovery systems is carried out to understand economic limitation of industrial electrification under current energy prices and its sensitivities. •Heat Integration of industrial energy systems subject to electrification. •Process design methods and guidelines for heat supply from electrified units. •Cost-effective strategies for the implementation of electrified heating. •Techno-economic impact of power-to-heat for process industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Industrial utility plants are usually comprised of many interconnected units that must constitute a flexible and reliable system capable of meeting process energy requirements under different circumstances (e.g. varying prices, demands, or equipment shutdowns). Also, in order to avoid large economic penalties, the design and operation of a utility plant should consider that the equipment is not fully reliable and that each item needs to receive preventive and corrective maintenance. Conventionally, these issues are handled by installing additional units according to rules of thumb or heuristics, which usually imply excessive capital costs and might even result in designs that cannot satisfy the specified demands for certain situations. In contrast, during the present work a systematic methodology has been developed to address the design and operation of flexible utility plants incorporating reliability and availability considerations. The suggested method is based on a novel modelling and optimisation framework that can address grassroots design, retrofit, or (pure) operation problems in which design and operational parameters are optimised simultaneously throughout several scenarios. Thereafter, it is possible to define maintenance and failure situations in different operating periods to ensure that the plant will be able to cope with them, while meeting process requirements at minimum cost. Hence, for design cases, the most cost-effective elements of redundancy can be determined without pre-specifying any structural options in the final configuration (e.g. equipment sizes, types, and number of units). Furthermore, the proposed (multiperiod) MILP formulation is robust enough to tackle problems of the size and complexity commonly found in industry, and has the potential of yielding significant economic savings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Waste tire powder was subjected to ultraviolet radiation (UV) in the presence of allylamine and radiation sensitizer benzophenone. Fourier Transform Infrared spectral studies revealed the presence of allylamine amine on the surface of the rubber powder. The higher value of nitrogen to carbon X-ray counts obtained from energy dispersive X-ray analysis also demonstrates the presence of amine on the powder surface. Surface energy measurements were done by a dynamic wicking method. Improvement in tensile strength and elongation at break were observed for the PP/modified rubber powder and is attributed to the chemical interaction between the surface of the modified rubber powder and maleic anhydride grafted PP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new systematic design methodology has been developed for the simultaneous management of energy and water systems that also feature maximum re-use of water. A two-dimensional grid diagram is proposed to exploit different options within water systems and also enable reduced complexity of the energy and water network. Isothermal and non-isothermal stream mixing between water streams are introduced to create separate systems between hot and cold water streams in the energy composite curves and provide a design basis for a better structure with fewer units for the heat exchanger network. In addition to allowing re-use of water, issues about heat losses inside unit operations have also been incorporated in the simultaneous management of water and energy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper addresses the simultaneous management of energy and water. A new systematic methodology has been developed for targeting and design that simultaneously minimises the requirements of energy and water. Using this new approach, the design of a water system for maximum energy recovery can be achieved, taking into account the mixing opportunities offered by water networks, while maintaining the water quality to processes in terms of contamination. Direct and indirect energy recovery are analysed and a strategy developed to decrease the number of heat transfer units based on the generation of separate systems and non-isothermal stream mixing. Initially, the analysis is restricted to no water re-use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Energy efficiency of the conventional boil-off gas re-liquefaction process in the LNG-fueled ships, which is based on a single expander cycle, can be improved with structural modifications, such as a dual expander cycle. Herein, a structural optimization framework concept is proposed to systematically screen a wide range of configurational options for dual expander processes, and to evaluate their techno-economic impacts in a holistic manner. Ten possible process configurations are embedded in the framework, with which the strategic use of design options, including splitting and/or mixing of streams, and introduction of extra hot stream in the exchanger, are fully investigated. Furthermore, a cascaded cycle is compared as a possible candidate for improving the energy efficiency of the single expander process. The optimum process design is investigated by optimizing process variables to achieve maximum energy efficiency with aid of GA (Genetic Algorithm). The optimized performance of the dual-expander process is 23% better than the single expander system in terms of energy efficiency. The advantage of the proposed modeling and optimization framework is its adaptability to other liquefaction processes. • Enhancement of energy efficiency for BOG re-liquefaction process. • Process design and optimization of dual expander systems for BOG re-liquefaction. • Systematic consideration of structural options for BOG re-liquefaction process. • Evaluation of different configurational options for improving energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Energy-efficient sub-ambient membrane process for post-combustion CO2 capture. • Integration of membrane process with cold energy from LNG regasification. • Exploitation of exhaust gas recirculation methods for CO 2 capture. • Techno-economic analysis for membrane-based CO 2 capture. This paper proposes an advanced sub-ambient membrane process that applies an improved CO 2 /N 2 selectivity under cold temperatures for CO 2 removal from a natural gas combined-cycle power plant. The use of a large excess of combustion air in a natural gas power plant results in a relatively diluted CO 2 exhaust gas, typically by 3–4%, which makes it difficult to achieve an energy-efficient CO 2 capture. The sub-ambient membrane process using exhaust gas recirculation and/or selective exhaust gas recirculation is designed to concentrate the CO 2 from 4 to 6–10%. In addition, the heat integration of liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification not only provides a nearly free cold energy source for producing a cold processing environment, it also maximizes the full potential of the heat recovery. Among the different membrane designs proposed, an integrated process using all design options demonstrates the lowest CO 2 capture cost at $ 57/tCO 2 , which is a 55.1% reduction in capture costs, and a 70.1% decrease in parasitic load compared to an early configuration. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to understand the impact of the membrane performance, namely, the CO 2 permeance and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity, on the process design and economics of the CO 2 capture process considered herein, through which guidelines for the development of membrane materials and a conceptual insight into the design and optimization of a membrane-based capture process can be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study reports the impact and subsequent interactions of silica filler to the elastomer blend of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with natural rubber (NR) or epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and bio-based epoxidized soyabean oil (ESO) modified SBR (bio-SBR) with NR or ENR. The structural analysis of bio-SBR by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicates successful interaction between SBR and ESO. Tensile properties of the composite samples were found to be reduced with increased amount of epoxidation reaction of ENR. Composite sample blended with bio-SBR and ENR displays maximum storage modulus and thermal stability compared to SBR/NR, SBR/ENR, and bio-SBR/NR as confirmed from the Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively. These improvements were exhibited possibly due to stable bond formation between dispersed silica particles and epoxy groups of bio-SBR/ENR. Such bio-based elastomer composites can be useful to fabricate inexpensive silica based tire with least rolling resistance and improved wet grip applications. Graphical abstract Image Highlights • Bio-SBR synthesis using epoxidized soybean oil. • Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) blended with bio-SBR. • Vulcanization of SBR/ESO and ENR ensure enhanced interaction with silica. • Bio-based tire proposed shows enhanced wet grip and low rolling resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

System-wide integration of post-combustion CO 2 capture process into a coal-fired power plant is an effective and practical strategy to improve cost-effectiveness for capturing CO 2 emissions from the power sector. Considerable reduction of the net energy efficiency of a power plant by 20–40% is inevitable due to energy requirements for the CO 2 capture and power requirement for the CO 2 compression. Hence, this study focuses on minimizing the net efficiency penalty through integrated design of coal-fired power plant with CO 2 capture process in a holistic and systematic manner. In order to analyze the techno-economic impact of integrated process on the net power plant efficiency, overall process models are developed in a commercial simulator Aspen Plus®, in which a 550 MW net supercritical coal-fired power plant is simulated and validated. A pilot-scale post-combustion CO 2 capture process based on MEA, together with CO 2 compression, is modeled and scaled-up to meet the commercial-scale capacity. Simulation-assisted optimization is performed to enhance the overall performance of capture-integrated power generation through fully exploiting system interactions and examining relevant economic trade-offs. A case study is carried out to evaluate the effect of several heat integration options and demonstrate a considerable benefit for reducing the net efficiency penalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane-based separation is one of the promising next-generation carbon capture technologies. High degrees of freedom in process design for multi-stage membrane networks, make it difficult to fully understand the impact of network configuration on the economics of capture and separation performance. Furthermore, the optimality in process design is heavily influenced by the levels of membrane performance and the characteristics of feed gas. Membrane model utilized for the study is validated and tuned with 183 experimental data measured at various operating conditions, having 2.45 % of overall prediction error. The superstructure-based framework for the optimization of multi-stage membrane networks is used, with which design interactions between network configurations, flue gas characteristics and membrane performance are systematically investigated. Techno-economic analysis is embedded in the optimization framework, which performs rigorous trade-off between capital and operating costs, as well as allows simultaneous determination of optimal process network configuration and operating variables. Flue gas streams emitted from a coal-fired power plant and a steam methane reforming hydrogen production plant are selected as CO 2 capture sources for the analysis of flue gas characteristics. Case study shows capture cost ranged from 30.2 $/tCO 2 to 79.9 $/tCO 2 , depending on the network configuration and design specifications, and clearly improves our techno-economic understanding on the network configuration of membrane capture process. In addition, cryogenic-hybridized membrane capture process is examined and the optimal level of enriched CO 2 stream concentration between membrane capture and cryogenic distillation processes is determined. Study suggests how network configuration of membrane capture process can impact capture cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a design and optimization framework for a membrane-integrated absorption CO 2 capture process for a coal-fired power plant. A modeling framework was developed for the hybrid capture process. The design was made by considering different flow-rate distributions between the combustion and sweep air for the membrane, as well as series and parallel configurations in an integrated manner. Sensitivity analysis was performed to understand the impact of the ratio of the combustion air being fed to the membrane on the capture performance and its economics under a hybrid configuration. As a case study, a coal-fired power plant was selected to implement the membrane-integrated absorption CO 2 capture process, which was simulated with Unisim® and MATLAB®. A techno-economic assessment was used to understand the capital investment and operating expenditure related to the capture process. Compared to a stand-alone absorption process, 4.73% energy savings could be identified with a hybrid series configuration, whereas the parallel configuration offered 6.11% savings in capital cost from the reduction in equipment size. Although economic benefits can be obtained from hybrid processes through the development of membrane performance, the hybrid processes considered in this work are marginally more expensive than a stand-alone absorption process. • Systematic evaluation of design interactions between membrane and absorption. • Process design and optimization for the hybridization of membrane and absorption. • Economic evaluation of membrane-integrated absorption CO2 capture process. • A case study of hybrid capture systems for a coal-fired power plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Development of thermal integration modelling framework for the utilisation of LNG cold energy. [•] Feasibility study for various design options for the integration of low-temperature cold energy. [•] Provision of a design approach for achieving efficient use of cold energy in LNG terminals. [•] Understanding of techno-economic impacts associated with the thermal integration of LNG cold energy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To mitigate CO 2 emission, the utilization of renewable resources is expected to grow with the wide and active implementation of electrified energy systems. Process industry, one of the most energy-intensive sectors, is strongly demanded to keep up with the trend to improve sustainability. The application of Power-to-Heat technologies to industrial energy systems would bring enormous benefits to the environment, but a systematic design methodology to evaluate the feasibility of electrification in practice has not been fully discussed. This study proposes a framework to evaluate the feasibility of electrification based on Heat Integration. The cost-effective and/or energy-efficient technology is selected by analyzing different characteristics of several power-to-heat technologies, with which the implementation strategy of electrification is designed based on the electrification potential. Economics of electrified energy systems are evaluated, which is compared with conventional ones based on burning fossil fuels. A case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed design methodology. From the results, it is indicated that the electrification with a heat pump and an electrode boiler is a promising strategy, while the introduction of an electric heater becomes economically viable at the 23% of considerable reduction in the cost of renewable electricity. • Development of energy-efficient strategies for the introduction of Power-to-Heat. • Systematic evaluation of benefits from electrification in process industry. • Process design methodologies for the integration of electrified units. • Techno-economic impacts and sustainable benefits of industrial electrification. • A heat pump and an electrode boiler illustrated as a promising electrified option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]