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This study aimed to determine the preceptor-reported impact of an online continuing professional development (CPD) program on pharmacy preceptors' abilities and techniques for teaching students in clinical settings. In 2017, an online program to educate and support pharmacy preceptors' use of CPD to create individualized clinical teaching development plans was launched. After allowing time for preceptors to implement their CPD plan, a follow-up program was launched in 2019 where preceptors completed a seven-question survey to assess their impact on clinical teaching from the initial program. Two questions described completion of the CPD plan with response options including "Yes," "No," or "Partially". Five open-ended questions allowed for descriptions of changes implemented and overall teaching impact. Impact of implemented changes were categorized as positive, negative, or no change. Changes implemented by preceptors were categorized as goal setting, feedback, communication/education skills, student-teacher connection, or educational resources development. Of the 119 preceptors who responded to at least one question, 52% fully implemented and 39% partially implemented their pre-identified CPD plan. A total of 75 preceptors provided responses regarding impact of implemented activities; 69 (92%) were coded as a positive impact on their clinical teaching. Preceptor skill development was most commonly in communication/educational skills (45%), student/teacher connection (33%), and educational resources development (33%). This online precepting CPD program had a positive preceptor-reported impact on clinical teaching delivered by preceptors to students. Further investigation is warranted to disseminate this program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.016 Byline: F.Y. Daroux (a), D.J. Carr (a)(b), J. Kieser (c), B.E. Niven (d), M.C. Taylor (e) Keywords: Impact rig; Degradation; Cotton; Assault; Microscopy; Clothing Abstract: Blunt force assault is a growing issue worldwide. In New Zealand, recorded cases of grievous blunt force assault increased steadily from 1011 in 1999 to 2139 in 2008 . In many cases of blunt force assault victims are struck on parts of their body covered by clothing, yet the use of damage to apparel as forensic evidence largely appears to have been overlooked. The current research investigated blunt force impact (BFI) damage in common apparel fabrics and the effects prior and post-laundering had on this damage. Two 100% cotton fabrics (single jersey knit, bull drill) were impacted as single and double layers using an impactor representative of a hammer face, the force transmitted through specimens was measured and impulse calculated. Impacting and laundering were completed cumulatively to establish the effects of impact damage on new, dimensionally stable (laundered 6 times) and aged fabrics (laundered up to 30 times), and the effects of laundering on impacted specimens. BFI left recognisable patterns of damage in specimens, although the extent of this damage varied. Laundering after the impact event altered the visible and microscopic damage. Laundering previously impacted fabrics produced holes in some specimens and some fibres exhibited failure characteristic of blunt force impact. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Clothing and Textile Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (b) Impact and Armour Group, Department of Engineering Systems & Management, Cranfield University, UK (c) Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (d) Centre for Applications of Statistics and Mathematics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (e) Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch, New Zealand Article History: Received 1 October 2009; Accepted 8 December 2009

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.06.013 Byline: S.E. Kemp (a), D.J. Carr (a), J. Kieser (b), B.E. Niven (c), M.C. Taylor (d) Keywords: Knife; Fabric construction; Fibre; Degradation; Laundering; Impact rig Abstract: Stab injuries and fatalities have been reported to be the most common crimes of violence in several countries, particularly in those where access to firearms is restricted [J.M. Taupin, F.-P. Adolf, J. Robertson, Examination of damage to textiles, in: J. Robertson, M. Grieve (Eds.), Forensic Examination of Fibres, CRC Press, United States of America, 1999, pp. 65-87; A.C. Hunt, R.J. Cowling, Murder by stabbing, Forensic Sci. Int. 52 (1991) 107-112; D.A. Rouse, Patterns of stab wounds: a six year study, Med. Sci. Law 34 (1994) 67-71]. Analysis of damaged apparel may provide important information about the cause of death and the events leading up to and after the victim's final moments [M.T. Pailthorpe, N.A.G. Johnson, The private forensic scientist and the criminal justice system, in: D. Biles, J. Vernon (Eds.), Private Sector and Community Involvement in the Criminal Justice System: Conference Proceedings, vol. 23, Australian Institute of Criminology, Wellington, 1994, 231-240]. A high proportion of stab wounds occur in the chest and as this area is generally clothed many sharp force cases involve damage to fabrics [J.M. Taupin, F.-P. Adolf, J. Robertson, Examination of damage to textiles, in: J. Robertson, M. Grieve (Eds.), Forensic Examination of Fibres, CRC Press, United States of America, 1999, pp. 65-87; A.C. Hunt, R.J. Cowling, Murder by stabbing, Forensic Sci. Int. 52 (1991) 107-112; D.A. Rouse, Patterns of stab wounds: a six year study, Med. Sci. Law 34 (1994) 67-71]. The structural stabilisation and degradation of fabric due to laundering significantly alters fabric properties [S.E. Gore, R.M. Laing, C.A. Wilson, D.J. Carr, B.E. Niven, Standardizing a pre-treatment cleaning procedure and effects of application on apparel fabrics, Text. Res. J. 76 (2006) 455-464], yet the effect of such on severance morphology does not appear to have been investigated. In this work the effect of blade type (hunting knife, kitchen knife, screwdriver) on new and laundered apparel fabrics was investigated. Two approaches were used (i) a human participant trial, and (ii) guided drop testing (using an impact rig). Force-time plots from the human participant trials were matched to those from the impact rig. Information on severance morphology was obtained using visual analysis techniques. Blades could be differentiated and directionality estimated by observing differences in severance shape and size, the degree of fabric distortion, the position of severed yarn ends, loop snippets, curled yarns, planar array and the morphology of fractured fibres. Fabric construction had a visible effect on severance morphology. Pre-impact degradation via laundering hindered the ability to link fractured fibre ends to a source of damage by altering morphology and increasing the variability. The correlation between blade height and severance length was weak, attributed to elastic deformation and recovery. The impact rig was a valuable tool in the reconstruction of textile damage. Damage was consistent when inflicted using a human participant trial and the impact rig, although more variable in the former. The advantage of the impact rig lies in the ability to produce a severance typical of the blade in question, under controlled conditions, in a reproducible manner. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Clothing and Textile Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (b) Sir John Walsh Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (c) Centre for the Application of Statistics and Mathematics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (d) Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch, New Zealand Article History: Received 12 May 2009; Revised 19 June 2009; Accepted 25 June 2009