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Active transportation (AT) marks an eco-friendly mode of physical activity that is well integrable into daily life. Despite the dominance of social-ecological approaches to explaining AT, previous studies often drew on a fragmented set of variables to describe AT behavior. The concept of physical literacy (PL) comprises physical, affective, and cognitive determinants for physical activity and, therefore, enables a concentrated, theory-guided view on intraindividual determinants for AT. The goal of the present study was to examine empirical associations between PL and modes of AT (considering the influencing and moderating effect of grade and sex/gender, respectively). Within the scope of the DAPL study, data from 663 children (age: 6–13 years) from 41 classes (grades 1–6) across twelve schools in Denmark were analyzed. The school children (mean age: 9.81 years; 55 % girls) completed measurements of PL (Danish version of the CAPL-2: physical, affective, and cognitive component; total score) and self-reported their AT mode for seven days. We calculated general mixed models with the class as a random-effects factor to examine the relationship between PL and six different modes of AT. Total PL as well the physical, cognitive, and affective domains of PL were not associated with overall AT (p > 0.05). However, we found significant associations of total PL (B = 0.35) and the physical domain (B = 0.21) with biking. The affective and cognitive domains of PL did not significantly correlate with any AT indicator. The present effects were not moderated by students' grade and sex/gender. Public health strategies should strive for a mode-tailored approach when targeting children's AT. Person-centered health and physical education must increase their efforts in promoting children's holistic biking skills to effectively foster AT behavior. The provision of holistic experiences should emphasize the integration of psychomotor and affective learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• What is the primary question addressed by this study? What is the prevalence of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) among Veterans hospitalized for heart failure that also have insomnia, depression, or comorbid insomnia and depression? • What is the main finding of this study? Comorbid insomnia and depression are associated with the highest prevalence of ADRD at 34 per 100 persons. This is significantly higher than persons with either insomnia (21 per 100) or depression (24 per 100). • What is the meaning of the finding? Persons with comorbid insomnia and depression are at a highest risk of ADRD, and it is clinically important to screen for both insomnia and depression in persons hospitalized for heart failure as this may lead to earlier ADRD detection. To examine prevalence of Alzheimer Disease and related dementias (ADRD) and patient characteristics as a function of comorbid insomnia and/or depression among heart failure (HF) patients discharged from hospitals. Retrospective cohort descriptive epidemiology study. VA Hospitals. N = 373,897 Veterans hospitalized with heart failure from October 1, 2011 until September 30, 2020. We examined VA and Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) coding in the year prior to admission using published ICD-9/10 codes for dementia, insomnia, and depression. The primary outcome was the prevalence of ADRD and the secondary outcomes were 30-day and 365-day mortality. The cohort were predominantly older adults (mean age = 72 years, SD = 11), male (97%), and White (73%). Dementia prevalence in participants without insomnia or depression was 12%. In those with both insomnia and depression, dementia prevalence was 34%. For insomnia alone and depression alone, dementia prevalence was 21% and 24%, respectively. Mortality followed a similar pattern with highest 30-day and 365-day mortality higher in those with both insomnia and depression. These results suggest that persons with both insomnia and depression are at an increased risk of ADRD and mortality compared to persons with one or neither condition. Screening for both insomnia and depression, especially in patients with other ADRD risk factors, could lead to earlier identification of ADRD. Understanding comorbid conditions which may represent earlier signs of ADRD may be critical in the identification of ADRD risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to clean and affordable household energy sources is regarded as one of the primary drivers of sustainable socio-economic development. In many parts of the world energy poverty and use of dirty energy sources persists, for a diversity of reasons including lack of availability and affordability of cleaner alternatives. Residential coal use on the South African Highveld is such a case. This study provided a unique opportunity to research the effectiveness of and satisfaction with the installation of four clean household energy interventions implemented in KwaZamokuhle, a low-income coal-using community on the South African Highveld in 2015. The region regularly experiences poor outdoor air quality and the traditional coal stoves that are used exacerbate pollution levels for the residents. This research is a follow up study and made use of questionnaire surveys to gather data on energy use patterns and satisfaction of participant households five years after they were provided with either an improved coal stove, liquid petroleum gas (LPG) stove and heater, electricity voucher, or electric stove and heater. Dwellings of participant households had also been fitted with insulation on the ceilings and outside walls. Findings indicated that the LPG and electric appliances both resulted in a sustained move away from coal for many households, with an electric stove being preferred for cooking by all households and the LPG heater still used by at least 70 % of recipient households after five years. Electric appliances are also preferred by non-participating households, although the poor heating capability of the electric heater and frequent electricity outages are challenges. The findings of this study suggest that successful interventions to transition households away from coal use need to concurrently reduce energy demand (for example, through insulation and energy efficient appliances) and align with natural preferences for electricity and fuel stacking when selecting alternative energy carriers and appliances. • The effectiveness of clean energy interventions in low-income coal-using households is evaluated. • The use of coal stoves only reduces in cases where they are removed completely. • The electric stove and LPG heater are the most successful non-polluting appliances. • Dwelling insulation aids the transition away from coal for space heating in winter. • Successful interventions support electricity use and household fuel stacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Boys traveled a higher proportion of trips actively than girls. • Girls expressed less intrinsic motivation and more amotivation than boys. • Behavioral regulations relate differently to travel behavior in boys than in girls. • Integrated and external regulation were associated with higher odds for active travel in girls. • Identified regulation was associated with higher odds for active travel in boys. Active travel (using an active mode of transport such as walking or cycling) contributes to the accumulation of daily physical activity and thus holds potential for promoting health. To promote active travel among adolescents an in-depth understanding of determinants from a sex/gender perspective is needed. Within Self-Determination Theory (SDT), it is proposed that the quality of an individuals' motivation (i.e., the degree to which it is autonomous) determines the extent to which they engage in particular behaviors and perform them effectively. As part of the ARRIVE study, the aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between motivation and active travel in adolescent boys (N = 263, M age = 12.92) and girls (N = 254, M age = 13.21) from a nationwide German sample. Results showed significant group differences between male and female adolescents in the proportion of trips traveled actively, intrinsic motivation and amotivation. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated different relationships of the different types of motivation proposed within SDT on active travel behavior depending on sex/gender. In the total sample, integrated and identified regulation increased the odds of active travel (by 15.8 %, and 20.3 % respectively), whereas amotivation decreased the odds by 23.0 %. Intrinsic motivation and controlled forms of extrinsic motivation (i.e. introjected and external regulation) did not significantly change the odds of active travel. Separate sex/gender-specific analyses were conducted. For boys, only identified regulation significantly increased the odds of active travel (by 40.2 %) and amotivation significantly decreased the odds (by 18.8 %). In girls, integrated (by 25.3 %) and external (by 20.3 %) regulation significantly increased the odds of active travel, while amotivation (26.6 %) significantly decreased the odds. We conclude that disparities exist in the relationship among different regulation types with active travel behavior between adolescent boys and girls, and that findings contradictory to SDT might result from the specific context of traveling to a destination. Considering the regression analyses findings, future interventions to promote active travel among adolescents should incorporate sex/gender-sensitive development, because some behavioral regulations might not be equally effective among girls and boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.07.017 Byline: Erin C. Kelso, Emilia P. Martins Abstract: Exposure to aggressive or courtship displays of conspecifics has been shown to alter the physiology and behaviour of observers. However, these effects are dependent on the information content of signals. Separate courtship signals that convey redundant information may be expected to have similar effects on female reproductive physiology or behaviour, while those that contain nonredundant information are expected to have differing effects. Using a mechanized model lizard painted to resemble a male sagebrush lizard, Sceloporus graciosus, we presented female sagebrush lizards with either a stationary model or one of two male display types: push-ups, a signal used in both aggressive and courtship displays, and shudders, a display used exclusively during courtship. Females exposed to push-ups showed more rejection behaviour when later paired with a live male lizard and produced less femoral pore secretions on the first day of stimulus presentation than females exposed to shudders. However, females exposed to either display were found in closer proximity to the live male than females exposed to the stationary model. These results suggest that both components of the courtship display (push-ups and shudders) cause lasting but distinctive changes in female behaviour, supporting a 'multiple messages' scenario for the evolution of the two signals. Author Affiliation: Department of Biology and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, U.S.A. Article History: Received 13 March 2007; Revised 22 May 2007; Accepted 6 July 2007 Article Note: (miscellaneous) MS. number: A10719

This experimental study investigates the performance and wake of tandem wind turbines utilising co-rotating and counter-rotating rotor configurations. Measurements for turbine power, tip-speed ratio, and wake velocity were obtained across various arrangements of single and tandem turbines. Conducted at a Reynolds number of 9. 6 × 1 0 4 based on turbine diameter, the study evaluates in-line configurations with separation distances from 1.25 D T to 8 D T , D T being the turbine diameter, and different tip-speed ratios. Power measurements indicate that the downstream turbine performs better when its rotational direction opposes that of the upstream turbine, showing a 20% increase in performance compared to the co-rotating arrangement at a separation distance of 1. 25 D T . Nevertheless, the results show the tandem wind turbines' power generation depends on the spacing between the turbines and the upstream turbine's optimal tip-speed ratio. This indicates that as the distance between the turbines increases, the advantageous impacts of a counter-rotating setup diminish. Velocity measurements behind the downwind turbine reveal negligible effects on the streamwise velocity due to relative rotational directions but a significant impact on turbulent kinetic energy. Specifically, the co-rotating arrangement exhibits 33% higher turbulence levels than the counter-rotating arrangement. These findings hold considerable implications for designing and optimising wind turbine systems in arrays, both onshore and offshore wind farms. • Counter-rotating tandem turbines show up to a 20% power enhancement at close distances (at 1.25 turbine diameters), though benefits decrease with greater separation. • Counter-rotating setups exhibit lower turbulent kinetic energy and more symmetrical wakes compared to co-rotating arrangements, suggesting potential downstream performance benefits under specific conditions. • Despite relative rotation, both co-rotating and counter-rotating configurations exhibit consistent streamwise velocity patterns. • In contrast, notable differences in azimuthal velocity distributions were observed between corotating and counter-rotating arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiential avoidance is conceptualized as a core psychopathological process in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Much of the empirical support for the theoretical conceptualization and efficacy of ACT interventions is based on operationally defining experiential avoidance as scores on the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II; Bond et al., 2011) and its predecessor, the AAQ (Hayes et al., 2004). However, both measures have been criticized for exhibiting poor discriminant validity from measures of related constructs. The present study sought to evaluate the incremental predictive validity of the AAQ-II for symptoms of panic, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, obsessive compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders after controlling for neuroticism, functional impairment, life satisfaction, anxiety sensitivity, quality of life, positive and negative affect, and distress tolerance in a large sample of adults (n = 552). A series of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that AAQ-II scores uniquely predicted anxiety symptoms over and above measures of related constructs for all outcomes except social anxiety. Relative weights analysis revealed that the AAQ-II accounted for 10.5–17.5% of the variance in outcome scores explained by regression models and emerged as one of the top three predictors by relative weight in all five models. The present findings support the empirical and clinical utility of the AAQ-II and indicate that its predictive power for anxiety disorder symptomology is not simply attributable to overlap with measures of related constructs. • AAQ-II scores incrementally predict panic symptoms. • AAQ-II scores incrementally predict anxiety disorder symptoms. • AAQ-II scores incrementally predict PTSD and OCD symptoms. • AAQ-II scores do not incrementally predict social anxiety symptoms. • AAQ-II incrementally predicts anxiety symptoms over neuroticism and impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]