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The histological diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) is often challenging. Flow cytometry (FCM) sometimes shows the loss of pan-T-cell markers for PTCLs, suggesting the neoplastic nature of these cells. Immunohistochemically, the total loss of pan-T-cell markers has been demonstrated in PTCLs. Furthermore, except for the total loss, the aberrant immunohistochemical expressions of pan-T-cell markers have also been empirically observed in PTCLs, but the details remain unexamined. Therefore, the present study semi-quantitatively evaluated the aberrant expression of cytoplasmic CD3ε (cCD3ε), the most common immunohistochemical pan-T-cell marker, in 91 PTCL cases. The expressions of the other CD3 molecules, CD3δ, CD3γ, and CD3ζ were also examined. Frequencies of the total immunohistochemical loss of CD3 molecules and loss of surface CD3ε (sCD3ε) in FCM were analyzed for comparison. The results showed atypical, aberrant expression patterns for immunohistochemical CD3 molecules: perinuclear, cytoplasmic, membranous, and partial negative. The frequency of each molecule was as follows: cCD3ε 40.7 %, CD3δ 26.4 %, CD3γ 53.8 %, and CD3ζ 54.9 %, especially the latter two showed high frequency in peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia. Immunohistochemical total loss was less than aberrant expression in all CD3 molecules, with the frequency of cCD3ε being the lowest (6.6 %). The loss of sCD3ε in FCM was observed in 43.3 % of cases, with a similar frequency to the aberrant expression of cCD3ε. In conclusion, the aberrant immunohistochemical expression of cCD3ε was a useful finding as is sCD3ε loss in FCM, but CD3γ and CD3ζ were more useful, facilitating the diagnosis of PTCLs. • The aberrant immunohistochemical expression of CD3 molecules was more frequently observed than their total loss. • The aberrant expression patterns observed were perinuclear, cytoplasmic, membranous, and partial negative. • Among CD3 molecules, the aberrant immunohistochemical expression of CD3γ and CD3ζ was especially prominent. • The aberrant immunohistochemical expression of cCD3ε was as frequently observed as sCD3ε loss in FCM. • By subtypes, aberrant immunohistochemical expression was frequent in PTCL, NOS, AITL, and ATLL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spermatic cord hematoma has rarely been documented in children and adults. We present the case of a hematoma in the spermatic cord of a toddler after the reduction of an irreducible hernia. Only one case of a spermatic cord hematoma in a child has been reported to date [1]. This is the second case report of a spermatic cord hematoma in a child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Lymphoglandular bodies (LGBs) have been described as cytoplasmic fragments of lymphocytes and a specific feature of organized lymphoid tissue. The recognition of LGBs is useful in distinguishing malignant lymphomas from carcinomas and sarcomas in cytology specimens, especially in Giemsa-stained tissues. So far, there has been no description of LGBs in hematoxylin and eosin (HE)–stained histologic specimens in the literature. Therefore, we evaluated LGBs in HE sections, especially regarding malignant tumors. We reviewed 110 biopsy and surgical materials including malignant lymphoma, carcinoma, and other malignant tumors and evaluated the frequency, number, size, and significance of LGBs. We also performed the terminal deoxyribosyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method on LGBs. Lymphoglandular bodies were found in about 40% of cases with malignant lymphoma, whereas only 3 (3.8%) nonlymphoma cases showed LGBs. These were undifferentiated carcinoma, seminoma, and multiple myeloma. The size of LGBs was usually less than half the size of a red blood cell. No apoptotic cells were detected in any of the cases by TUNEL method regarding LGBs. Our study suggests that LGBs can be found in HE sections. As observed in cytologic specimens in the literature, the presence of LGBs around cytologically malignant cells favors a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma rather than nonlymphoma malignancies, even in HE histologic sections. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights • Microscopic examinations were performed separately by two morphologists. • Interobserver concordance of the percentage of blasts (<5% or ≥5%, ≤2% or >2–<5%) was found. • Interobserver concordance of dysplastic lineages was found. • Interobserver concordance of the diagnosis (MDS or non-MDS) was found. Abstract The diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is based on morphology and cytogenetics. However, limited information is currently available on the interobserver concordance of the assessment of dysplastic lineages (<10% or ≥10% in bone marrow (BM)). The revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) described a new threshold (2%) for BM blasts. However, the interobserver concordance of the categories (0–≤2% and >2–<5%) has limited data. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the assessment of dysplastic lineages and IPSS-R reproducibility. Our study was divided into two Steps. In each Step, the microscopic examinations were performed separately by two morphologists. Regarding the category of BM blasts ≤2% and >2–<5%, interobserver agreement was more than 'moderate' in all pairs (kappa test: 0.43–0.90). Regarding dysgranulopoiesis (dysG) and dyserythropoiesis (dysE) in BM, interobserver agreement was more than 'moderate' in all pairs (kappa test, dysG: 0.45–0.96, dysE: 0.45–0.81). Regarding the category of dysmegakaryopoiesis (dysMgk) in BM, interobserver agreement was more than moderate in 4 out of 5 pairs (kappa test: 0.58–1.00), and was fair for one pair (kappa test: 0.37). We consider that high interobserver concordance may be possible for the BM blast cell count (≤2% or >2–<5%) and dysplasia (<10% or ≥10%) of each lineage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The BCL6 gene is frequently disrupted at its 5′ noncoding region by 3q27 chromosomal translocations in B-cell lymphoma. As a result of translocation, BCL6 is juxtaposed to reciprocal partners, such as the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene family. Besides the Ig loci, multiple non-Ig partners of the BCL6 translocation have been reported. Here we describe the identification of the GAS5 (growth arrest-specific transcript 5) gene as a novel partner of the BCL6 in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, harboring the t(1;3)(q25;q27). In this case, the chromosome 1 breakpoint was located within the intronic small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) sequence of GAS5 and the chromosome 3 breakpoint at 4 kb upstream of BCL6 exon 1a. As the result of chromosomal translocation, the GAS5–BCL6 chimeric transcripts were expressed, in which the 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine (5′TOP) sequence of GAS5 was fused to the whole coding sequence of BCL6. The GAS5 gene on chromosome 1q25 is the second BCL6 partner, to the SNHG5 on 6q15, which is classified as a non-protein-coding multiple snoRNA host and 5′-TOP class gene. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare entity of lymphoma. We report a case of IVLBCL presenting as renal dysfunction which was diagnosed by renal biopsy. Histopathological examination of the renal biopsy specimens showed dissemination of lymphoma cells throughout the glomerular capillary lumens. The cells were CD5−, CD10−, CD20+, BCL2+, BCL6+, and MUM-1+. Rituximab-chemotherapy was performed and complete response was achieved. With the accumulation of cases, establishment of a treatment strategy for IVLBCL is expected in the future. We could perform early diagnosis by renal biopsy and were able to achieve long-term remission by rituximab combination chemotherapy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Primary rectal MALT lymphoma is rare comprising less than 1% of MALT lymphomas. A 26-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of constipation and abdominal fullness. Colonoscopy revealed multiple submucosal tumors in rectum. Histopathological examination showed dense proliferation of small lymphoid cells, but lymphoepithelial lesions were not observed. The cells were CD5(−), CD10(−), CD20(+) and cyclinD1(−). The patient was diagnosed as having MALT lymphoma. The patient was negative for API2-MALT1 gene, and radiotherapy was performed and CR was achieved. With the accumulation of cases, establishment of a treatment strategy for primary rectal MALT lymphoma is expected in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]