30 results on '"Katz, David L."'
Search Results
2. Raloxifene and endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women
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Sarrel, Philip M., Nawaz, Haq, Chan, Wendy, Fuchs, Melissa, and Katz, David L.
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Brachial artery -- Health aspects ,Endothelium -- Physiological aspects ,Raloxifene -- Physiological aspects ,Postmenopausal women -- Health aspects ,Postmenopausal women -- Drug therapy ,Postmenopausal women -- Care and treatment ,Obstetrics -- Research ,Health - Abstract
Research has been conducted on raloxifene. The authors have investigated the raloxifene effect on endothelial funtion in healthy postmenopausal women, and the results demonstrate that raloxifene enhances endothelial-mediated dilathion in brachial arteries.
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- 2003
3. Dilutional hyponatremia in pre-eclampsia
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Hayslett, John P., Katz, David L., and Knudson, Joann M.
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Kidney diseases ,Pituitary hormones ,Preeclampsia ,Hyponatremia ,Health - Abstract
Byline: John P. Hayslett, David L. Katz, Joann M. Knudson Keywords: Hyponatremia; pre-eclampsia Abstract: Objective: The objective of this report is to describe a defect in water metabolism, characterized by hyponatremia, in patients with pre-eclampsia-induced nephrotic syndrome Study Design: This was an observational study of 3 women. Results: Hyponatremia was observed in 3 women with pre-eclampsia characterized by various extrarenal manifestations, as well as by nephrotic syndrome with normal or nearly normal renal function. Restriction in water intake partially corrected hyponatremia before delivery in each case, and no complications were observed in the neonates. The mechanism of impaired excretion of water in these patients is proposed to involve persistent and inappropriate production of vasopressin through stimulation of the nonosmotic mechanism for vasopressin secretion in response to a reduction in effective plasma volume. Conclusions: These results indicate for the first time that women with pre-eclampsia are, at least when nephrotic, at risk for development of dilutional hyponatremia, which can cause neurologic complications that simulate those of eclampsia. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:1312-6.) Author Affiliation: New Haven, Connecticut Article History: Received 8 December 1997; Accepted 30 April 1998 Article Note: (footnote) [star] From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University, School of Medicine., [star][star] Reprints not available from the authors., a 0002-9378/98 $5.00 + 0 6/1/91434
- Published
- 1998
4. North American naturopathic medicine in the 21st century: Time for a seventh guiding principle - Scientia Critica.
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Logan, Alan C., Goldenberg, Joshua Z., Guiltinan, Jane, Seely, Dugald, and Katz, David L.
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The World Health Organization strategy for global health includes a culturally-sensitive blending of western biomedicine with traditional forms of healing; in practical terms this approach is often referred to as integrative medicine. One distinct element within the systems of North American integrative healthcare is naturopathic medicine; while the basic premise of its fundamental approach to care - supporting healthy lifestyle behaviors - is as old as medicine itself, the early history of organized naturopathy in North America was heavy in theory and light on critical analysis. Dozens of questionable modalities and protocols have been housed under the rubric of naturopathy. It is our contention that the progression of professional naturopathic medicine in the 21st century - with goals of personal, public and planetary health - requires the active pursuit of critical analysis. We examine the primary guiding principles which drive the training and practice of North American naturopathic medicine; while these principles are laudable in the age of patient-centered care, we argue that there are shortcomings by absentia. We propose a seventh principle - Scientia Critica; that is, the ability to critically analyze accumulated knowledge - including scientific facts, knowledge about the self (critical consciousness) and values of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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5. Combined hysteroscopy and laparoscopy in the treatment of interstitial pregnancy
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Katz, David L., Barrett, John P., Sanfilippo, Joseph S., and Badway, David M.
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Laparoscopic surgery ,Hysteroscopy ,Pregnancy, Ectopic -- Care and treatment ,Pregnancy, Ectopic -- Case studies ,Health - Abstract
The cases of two women are presented who had an interstitial ectopic pregnancy that was treated using both laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants in the Fallopian tubes instead of the uterus.
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- 2003
6. Effects of egg ingestion on endothelial function in adults with coronary artery disease: A randomized, controlled, crossover trial.
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Katz, David L., Gnanaraj, Joseph, Treu, Judith A., Ma, Yingying, Kavak, Yasemin, and Njike, Valentine Yanchou
- Abstract
Background Prevailing recommendations call for restricting intake of dietary cholesterol and eggs for those at risk of heart disease, despite accumulating evidence challenging this association. Our prior studies showed no short-term adverse effects of daily egg intake on cardiac risk factors in at-risk adults. Objective We conducted this study to determine effects of daily egg consumption in adults with established coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover trial of 32 adults (mean age, 67 years; 6 women, 26 men) with CAD assigned to 1 of 6 possible sequence permutations of 3 different treatments (breakfast with 2 eggs, breakfast with ½ cup Egg Beaters, ConAgra Foods, St. Louis, MO, or a high-carbohydrate breakfast part of an ad libitum diet) for 6 weeks, with 4-week washout periods. The primary outcome measure was endothelial function measured as flow-mediated dilatation. Results Compared with the control breakfast (ie, high-carbohydrate breakfast), daily consumption of eggs showed no adverse effects on flow-mediated dilatation (7.2% ± 2.9% vs 7.5% ± 2.9%, P = .33), lipids (total cholesterol: 158.3 ± 28.6 mg/dL vs 156.2 ± 27.4 mg/dL, P = .49), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: 132.8 ± 14.1 mm Hg or vs 135.5 ± 14.9 mm Hg, P = .52; diastolic blood pressure: 77.2 ± 6.1 mm Hg vs 76.7 ± 6.9 mm Hg, P = .86), or body weight (90.8 ± 17.5 kg vs 91.8 ± 17.1 kg, P = .92). No outcomes differed ( P > .05) between eggs and Egg Beaters. Conclusions We found no evidence of adverse effects of daily egg ingestion on any cardiac risk factors in adults with CAD over a span of 6 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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7. Diet and Diabetes: Lines and Dots.
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Katz, David L.
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DIABETES , *LIFESTYLES & health , *DISEASE prevalence , *DISEASE incidence , *PHYSICAL activity , *WEIGHT loss , *EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research - Abstract
Diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, is epidemic in the United States among adults and children alike, and increasingly prevalent around the world. On its current trajectory, the increasing incidence of diabetes has the potential to ravage both public health and economies. There has, however, been evidence for decades that lifestyle has enormous potential to prevent chronic disease, diabetes included. Studies suggest that the combination of tobacco avoidance, routine physical activity, optimal dietary pattern, and weight control could eliminate as much as 80% of all chronic disease, and 90% of cases of diabetes specifically. None of these factors is necessarily easily achieved, but most are simple. Diet, on the other hand, is complex, and arguments abound for competing diets and related health benefits. From an expansive review of relevant literature, the case emerges that the overall theme of optimal eating for human beings is very well established, whereas the case for any given variation on that theme is substantially less so. Once the theme of healthful eating is acknowledged, the challenge shifts to getting there from here. Although much effort focuses on the wholesale conversion of dietary patterns, the introduction or removal of highly nutritious foods can have direct health effects, and potentially reverberate through the diet as well, shifting the quality of the diet and related health effects. Studies demonstrating favorable effects of daily walnut ingestion in diabetes and insulin resistance are profiled as an illustration, and an ongoing study examining the implications of daily walnut ingestion on diet quality and various biometric variables is described. The line between dietary pattern and the epidemiology of diabetes is indelibly established; we must work to connect the dots between here and there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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8. The pain of fibromyalgia syndrome is due to muscle hypoperfusion induced by regional vasomotor dysregulation.
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Katz, David L., Greene, Lindsey, Ali, Ather, and Faridi, Zubaida
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FIBROMYALGIA ,MYALGIA ,ETIOLOGY of diseases ,ANAEROBIC metabolism ,DISEASE complications ,VASOCONSTRICTION - Abstract
Summary: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a condition of chronic muscle pain and fatigue of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. There is limited support for the various hypotheses espoused to account for the manifestations of FMS, including immunogenic, endocrine, and neurological mechanisms. Treatment, partially effective at best, is directed toward symptomatic relief without the benefit of targeting known, underlying pathology. A noteworthy commonality among partially effective therapies is a vasodilatory effect. This is true both of conventional treatments, unconventional treatments such as intravenous micronutrient therapy, and lifestyle treatments, specifically graduated exercise. The pain of fibromyalgia is described in terms suggestive of the pain in muscles following extreme exertion and anaerobic metabolism. Taken together, these characteristics suggest that the pain could be induced by vasomotor dysregulation, and vasoconstriction in muscle, leading to low-level ischemia and its metabolic sequelae. Vasodilatory influences, including physical activity, relieve the pain of FMS by increasing muscle perfusion. There are some preliminary data consistent with this hypothesis, and nothing known about FMS that refutes it. The hypothesis that the downstream cause of FMS symptoms is muscle hypoperfusion due to regional vasomotor dysregulation has clear implications for treatment; is testable with current technology; and should be investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2007
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9. Egg consumption and endothelial function: a randomized controlled crossover trial
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Katz, David L., Evans, Marian A., Nawaz, Haq, Njike, Valentine Yanchou, Chan, Wendy, Comerford, Beth Patton, and Hoxley, Martha L.
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EGGS as food , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *CHOLESTEROL , *CLINICAL trials - Abstract
Background: Because of egg cholesterol content, reduction in egg consumption is generally recommended to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. Recently, however, evidence has been accumulating to suggest that dietary cholesterol is less relevant to cardiovascular risk than dietary saturated fat. This randomized controlled crossover trial was conducted to determine the effects of egg ingestion on endothelial function, a reliable index of cardiovascular risk. Methods: Forty-nine healthy adults (mean age 56 years, 40% females) underwent a baseline brachial artery reactivity study (BARS), and were assigned to two eggs or oats daily for 6 weeks in random sequence with a 4-week washout. A BARS was done at the end of each treatment phase, measuring flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in the brachial artery using a high-frequency ultrasound. Results: FMD was stable in both egg and oat groups, and between-treatment differences were not significant (egg -0.96%, oatmeal -0.79%; p value >0.05). Six weeks of egg ingestion had no effect on total cholesterol (baseline: 203.8 mg/dl; post-treatment: 205.3) or LDL (baseline: 124.8 mg/dl; post-treatment: 129.1). In contrast, 6 weeks of oats lowered total cholesterol (to 194 mg/dl; p=0.0017) and LDL (to 116.6 mg/dl; p=0.012). There were no differences in body mass index (BMI), triglyceride, HDL or SBP levels between egg and oat treatment assignments. Conclusion: Short-term egg consumption does not adversely affect endothelial function in healthy adults, supporting the view that dietary cholesterol may be less detrimental to cardiovascular health than previously thought. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2005
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10. Glycemic load and the risk of coronary heart disease.
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Katz, David L., Liu, Simin, Manson, JoAnn E., Hu, Frank B., and Willett, Walter C.
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CORONARY heart disease risk factors ,DIETARY carbohydrates - Abstract
A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in the U.S. women." by S. Liu and others in a 2000 issue along with the author's response to the same.
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- 2001
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11. Building on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program's Success: Conquering Hunger, Improving Health.
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Barnard, Neal D. and Katz, David L.
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FOOD , *FOOD stamps , *HEALTH equity , *ECONOMICS , *FOOD relief laws , *COMPARATIVE studies , *HEALTH promotion , *HUNGER , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *NUTRITION policy , *RESEARCH , *SURVEYS , *EVALUATION research , *NUTRITIONAL value ,HUNGER prevention - Published
- 2017
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12. Descartes' Carton–On Plausibility.
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Katz, David L.
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- 2010
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13. Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: How Integrative Medicine Fits.
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Ali, Ather and Katz, David L.
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PREVENTIVE medicine , *HEALTH promotion , *INTEGRATIVE medicine , *PUBLIC health , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *ALTERNATIVE medicine , *PREVENTIVE health services , *RESEARCH funding , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
As a discipline, preventive medicine has traditionally been described to encompass primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. The fields of preventive medicine and public health share the objectives of promoting general health, preventing disease, and applying epidemiologic techniques to these goals. This paper discusses a conceptual approach between the overlap and potential synergies of integrative medicine principles and practices with preventive medicine in the context of these levels of prevention, acknowledging the relative deficiency of research on the effectiveness of practice-based integrative care. One goal of integrative medicine is to make the widest array of appropriate options available to patients, ultimately blurring the boundaries between conventional and complementary medicine. Both disciplines should be subject to rigorous scientific inquiry so that interventions that are efficacious and effective are systematically distinguished from those that are not. Furthermore, principles of preventive medicine can be infused into prevalent practices in complementary and integrative medicine, promoting public health in the context of more responsible practices. The case is made that an integrative preventive approach involves the responsible use of science with responsiveness to the needs of patients that persist when conclusive data are exhausted, providing a framework to make clinical decisions among integrative therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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14. Preventive Medicine Training: The Case for Integrating Integrative Medicine.
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Katz, David L.
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PREVENTIVE medicine education , *INTEGRATIVE medicine , *RESIDENTS (Medicine) , *HEALTH programs , *MEDICAL education , *INTERNSHIP programs , *PREVENTIVE health services , *ECONOMICS - Published
- 2015
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15. Medicine and Media: State of the Union?
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Katz, David L.
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- 2008
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16. Guidance at the many edges of evidence: Position statements of the American College of Preventive Medicine
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Katz, David L., Lane, Dorothy S., and American College of Preventive Medicine
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HEALTH policy , *MEDICAL protocols , *MEDICAL societies , *PREVENTIVE health services , *EVIDENCE-based medicine - Published
- 2002
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17. Dietary Assessment by Pattern Recognition: a Comparative Analysis.
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Bernstein, Adam M., Rhee, Lauren Q., Njike, Valentine Y., and Katz, David L.
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INGESTION , *INTEGRATED health care delivery , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) - Abstract
Background: Diet quality photo navigation (DQPN) is a novel dietary intake assessment tool that was developed to help address limitations of traditional tools and to easily integrate into health care delivery systems. Prevailing practice is to validate new tools against approaches that are in wide use. Objective: This study aimed to assess 1) the validity of Diet ID in measuring diet quality, food group and nutrient intake against 2 traditional dietary assessment methods (i.e., food record [FR], food frequency questionnaire) and 2) the test reproducibility/reliability of Diet ID to obtain similar results with repeat assessments. Methods: Using a participant-sourcing platform for online research, we recruited 90 participants, 58 of whom completed DQPN, a 3-d FR (via the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool), and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ, via the Dietary History Questionnaire III). We estimated mean nutrient and food group intake with all 3 instruments and generated Pearson correlations between them. Results: Mean age (SD) of participants was 38 (11) y, and more than half were male (64%). The strongest correlations for DQPN when compared with the other 2 instruments were for diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2015; between DQPN and the FFQ, the correlation was 0.58 (P < 0.001), and between DQPN and the FR, the correlation was 0.56 (P < 0.001). Selected nutrients and food groups also showed moderate strength correlations. Test-retest reproducibility for measuring diet quality was evaluated for DQPN and showed a correlation of 0.70 (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The current study offers evidence that DQPN is comparable to traditional dietary assessment tools for estimating overall diet quality. This performance, plus DQPN's ease-of-use and scalability, may recommend it in efforts to make dietary assessment a universal part of clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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18. Questions Regarding Nutrient Profiling System.
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Katz, David L., Ayoob, Keith-Thomas, Reeves, Rebecca, Frank, Gail, Rhee, Lauren, and Anderson, Elizabeth
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- 2013
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19. 2011 Lenna Frances Cooper Memorial Lecture: The Road to HEaLth Is Paved with Good InVentions: Of Science, Sense, and Elephense
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Katz, David L.
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PREVENTION of chronic diseases , *BEHAVIOR modification , *DIET , *HEALTH behavior , *HEALTH promotion , *INTELLECT , *METAPHOR , *NUTRITION , *SCIENCE , *STORYTELLING , *PHYSICAL activity - Published
- 2012
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20. The ONQI Is Not a Black Box
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Katz, David L., Ayoob, Keith T., Decker, Eric A., Frank, Gail C., Jenkins, David A., Reeves, Rebecca S., and Charmel, Patrick
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- 2011
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21. Back-up antibiotic prescriptions could reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in rhinosinusitis
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Martin, Corey L., Njike, Valentine Yanchou, and Katz, David L.
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SINUSITIS , *ANTIBIOTICS , *HEALTH surveys , *MEDICAL prescriptions - Abstract
Objectives: To examine the attitudes of patients with rhinosinusitis toward the availability of “back-up” antibiotics, and potential implications for antibiotic use rates.Study design and setting: A survey that assessed actual and hypothetical antibiotic prescription patterns was administered to a convenience sample of patients treated for rhinosinusitis in one acute care facility between September 1 and December 1, 2001.Results: Of 386 eligible patients, 114 completed the survey. Seventy-six percent of patients expected antibiotic treatment; satisfaction rates were significantly associated with receiving an antibiotic prescription (P < .05). Over two-thirds of patients (69.7%) reported preference for back-up antibiotic prescriptions in the future, with 91.1% stating they would wait at least 1 day, and 52.7% at least 7 days, to fill a backup prescription. In sensitivity analysis, back-up prescriptions significantly reduced antibiotic use over a wide range of assumptions.Conclusions: The majority of patients with rhinosinusitis in this study expected antibiotic prescriptions, and were more satisfied if they were received. Back-up antibiotics have the potential to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use, mitigate risk of nontreatment, and preserve high levels of patient satisfaction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2004
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22. Post-prandial effects of high-polyphenolic extra virgin olive oil on endothelial function in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled crossover trial.
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Njike, Valentine Y., Ayettey, Rockiy, Treu, Judith A., Doughty, Kimberly N., and Katz, David L.
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OLIVE oil , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *SYSTOLIC blood pressure - Abstract
Effects of olive oil on cardiovascular risk have been controversial. We compared the effects of high-polyphenolic extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and refined olive oil without polyphenols on endothelial function (EF) in adults at risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial of 20 adults (mean age 56.1 years; 10 women, 10 men) at risk for T2DM (i.e., as defined by either prediabetes or metabolic syndrome) assigned to one of two possible sequence permutations of two different single dose treatments (50 mL of high-polyphenolic EVOO or 50 mL of refined olive oil without polyphenols), with 1-week washout. Participants received their olive oils in a smoothie consisting of ½ cup frozen blueberries and 1 cup (8 oz) low-fat vanilla yogurt blended together. Primary outcome measure was EF measured as flow-mediated dilatation. Participants were evaluated before and 2 h after ingestion of their assigned olive oil treatment. EVOO acutely improved EF as compared to refined olive oil (1.2 ± 6.5% versus −3.6 ± 3.8%; p = 0.0086). No significant effects on systolic or diastolic blood pressure were observed. High-polyphenolic EVOO acutely enhanced EF in the study cohort, whereas refined olive oil did not. Blood pressure effects were not observed. Reports on the vascular effects of olive oil ingestion should specify the characteristics of the oil. NCT04025281 • The effects of the ingestion of olive oil on cardiovascular risk are controversial. • Adults at risk for Type 2 Diabetes received either high-polyphenolic extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or a refined olive oil. • The ingestion of a single dose of 50mL (about 58.5g) of high-polyphenolic EVOO improved endothelial function. • No effects on blood pressure were observed following the ingestion of either oil. • The vascular effects of really 'good' olive oils are beneficial, while those of 'bad' olive oils are not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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23. Greater weight loss among men participating in a commercial weight loss program: a pooled analysis of 2 randomized controlled trials.
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Barraj, Leila M., Murphy, Mary M., Heshka, Stanley, and Katz, David L.
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WEIGHT loss , *SOCIAL support , *COMMUNITY-based social services , *BODY mass index , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
Abstract: Being overweight and obese are significant health concerns for men and women, yet despite comparable needs for effective weight loss and maintenance strategies, little is known about the success of commercial weight loss programs in men. This study tests the hypothesis that men participating in a commercial weight loss program (Weight Watchers) had significantly greater weight loss than men receiving limited support from health professionals for weight loss (controls). A pooled analysis of weight loss and related physiologic parameter data from 2 randomized clinical trials was conducted. After 12 months, analysis of covariance tests showed that men in the commercial program group (n = 85) lost significantly more weight (P < .01) than men in the control group (n = 84); similar significant differences were observed for body mass index and waist circumference. These results suggest that participation in a commercial weight loss program may be a more effective means to lose weight and maintain weight loss. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2014
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24. The Validation of a Food Label Literacy Questionnaire for Elementary School Children.
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Reynolds, Jesse S., Treu, Judith A., Njike, Valentine, Walker, Jennifer, Smith, Erica, Katz, Catherine S., and Katz, David L.
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ANALYSIS of variance , *CHI-squared test , *CHILDREN'S health , *CHILD nutrition , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *STATISTICAL correlation , *FOOD labeling , *LITERACY , *RESEARCH methodology , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *REGRESSION analysis , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICS , *T-test (Statistics) , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *INTER-observer reliability , *MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques , *RESEARCH methodology evaluation , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHILDREN ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of a 10-item questionnaire, the Food Label Literacy for Applied Nutrition Knowledge questionnaire. Methods: Participants were elementary school children exposed to a 90-minute school-based nutrition program. Reliability was assessed via Cronbach a and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Validity was assessed comparing the questionnaire's food choices using an objective metric of nutrition quality, the Overall Nutritional Quality Index (ONQI), via t test. Statistical significance was set at .05. Results: Four hundred ninety-nine children participated, 51% were female, and the average age was 8.6 (± 0.9) years. Cronbach α = .77 and ICC = 0.68 (between administrations) were observed. ONQI scores of correct responses were significantly higher when compared to the ONQI scores of incorrect responses (27.4 ± 9.4 vs 16.2 ± 9.4; P = .01). Conclusions and Implications: The Food Label Literacy for Applied Nutrition Knowledge questionnaire was found to be both reliable and a valid measure of food label literacy in children taught the Nutrition Detectives program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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25. Effects of sugar-sweetened and sugar-free cocoa on endothelial function in overweight adults
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Njike, Valentine Yanchou, Faridi, Zubaida, Shuval, Kerem, Dutta, Suparna, Kay, Colin D., West, Sheila G., Kris-Etherton, Penny M., and Katz, David L.
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SUGAR-free diet , *COCOA , *SWEETENERS , *OBESITY , *ENDOTHELIUM , *CARDIOVASCULAR system , *BIOMARKERS , *HEART disease risk factors , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
Abstract: Background: Studies of cocoa suggest an array of cardiovascular benefits; however, the effects of daily intake of sugar-free and sugar-sweetened cocoa beverages on endothelial function (EF) have yet to be established. Methods: 44 adults (BMI 25–35kg/m2) participated in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Participants were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence: sugar-free cocoa beverage, sugar-sweetened cocoa beverage, and sugar-sweetened cocoa-free placebo. Treatments were administered daily for 6weeks, with a 4-week washout period. Results: Cocoa ingestion improved EF measured as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) compared to placebo (sugar-free cocoa: change, 2.4% [95% CI, 1.5 to 3.2] vs. −0.8% [95% CI, −1.9 to 0.3]; difference, 3.2% [95% CI, 1.8 to 4.6]; p <0.001 and sugar-sweetened cocoa: change, 1.5% [95% CI, 0.6 to 2.4] vs. −0.8% [95% CI, −1.9 to 0.3]; difference, 2.3% [95% CI, 0.9 to 3.7]; p= 0.002). The magnitude of improvement in FMD after consumption of sugar-free versus sugar-sweetened cocoa was greater, but not significantly. Other biomarkers of cardiac risk did not change appreciably from baseline. BMI remained stable throughout the study. Conclusions: Daily cocoa ingestion improves EF independently of other biomarkers of cardiac risk, and does not cause weight gain. Sugar-free preparations may further augment endothelial function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
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26. Impact of home-based, supervised exercise on congestive heart failure
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Wall, Hilary K., Ballard, Jennifer, Troped, Philip, Njike, Valentine Yanchou, and Katz, David L.
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CONGESTIVE heart failure treatment , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DISEASE management , *QUALITY of life , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *CARDIOLOGY , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *MEDICAL statistics , *FEASIBILITY studies - Abstract
Abstract: Aims: Comparison of supervised home-based exercise program as adjunctive therapy, with comprehensive disease management alone, on symptoms and quality of life in congestive heart failure patients. Methods: 8 women and 11 men were enrolled in a randomized trial. The mean subject age was 69 (±4.44) in the controls and 70 (±4.05) in the intervention group. Baseline and 3, 6, and 12-month evaluations consisted of the Chronic Heart Failure Questionnaire (CHFQ), measuring perceived functional capacity (perceived symptoms of dyspnea, fatigue, and emotional function) and the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS). A stress test was given at baseline and 12months. Results and conclusions: The home-based exercise intervention caused a significant change in perceived fatigue between study groups (p =0.015), after 6months of study participation, with the control group feeling less fatigued than the intervention group. After 12months of participation, there were no significant differences in perceived functional capacity. Home-based exercise was well tolerated and favorably evaluated. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of studying home-based exercise in patients with moderate congestive heart failure. Larger and longer studies will be required to determine treatment effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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27. The Effectiveness of Worksite Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions for Controlling Employee Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review
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Anderson, Laurie M., Quinn, Toby A., Glanz, Karen, Ramirez, Gilbert, Kahwati, Leila C., Johnson, Donna B., Buchanan, Leigh Ramsey, Archer, W. Roodly, Chattopadhyay, Sajal, Kalra, Geetika P., and Katz, David L.
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WORK environment , *HEALTH promotion , *PHYSICAL activity , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene , *NUTRITION , *WEIGHT loss , *OBESITY , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *PUBLIC health - Abstract
Abstract: This report presents the results of a systematic review of the effectiveness of worksite nutrition and physical activity programs to promote healthy weight among employees. These results form the basis for the recommendation by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services on the use of these interventions. Weight-related outcomes, including weight in pounds or kilograms, BMI, and percentage body fat were used to assess effectiveness of these programs. This review found that worksite nutrition and physical activity programs achieve modest improvements in employee weight status at the 6–12-month follow-up. A pooled effect estimate of −2.8 pounds (95% CI=−4.6, −1.0) was found based on nine RCTs, and a decrease in BMI of −0.5 (95% CI=−0.8, −0.2) was found based on six RCTs. The findings appear to be applicable to both male and female employees, across a range of worksite settings. Most of the studies combined informational and behavioral strategies to influence diet and physical activity; fewer studies modified the work environment (e.g., cafeteria, exercise facilities) to promote healthy choices. Information about other effects, barriers to implementation, cost and cost effectiveness of interventions, and research gaps are also presented in this article. The findings of this systematic review can help inform decisions of employers, planners, researchers, and other public health decision makers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
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28. Information given to postmenopausal women on coronary computed tomography may influence cardiac risk reduction efforts
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Lederman, Jeffrey, Ballard, Jennifer, Njike, Valentine Y., Margolies, Laurie, and Katz, David L.
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CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *MEDICAL radiography , *CORONARY arteries , *MENSTRUAL cycle - Abstract
Abstract: Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is largely preventable through appropriate risk-factor modification. We sought to compare effects of comprehensive cardiac risk factor screening with and without computed tomography (CT) imaging of the coronary arteries on behavior change related to cardiac risk in postmenopausal women. Study Design and Setting: 56 postmenopausal women were randomized to alternative screening programs and followed for 1 year. Results: Subjects randomized (n =26) to the CT imaging group were shown images of their coronary arteries and received an interpretation from a radiologist. Most subjects in the CT group had a very low-risk (73.1%) coronary calcification score at baseline. Systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and cholesterol/HDL ratio declined significantly in the conventional screening group, but not in the CT imaging group (P <0.05). As compared to baseline values, study participation lead to significant reductions in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and blood pressure at 6 months (P <0.05) and triglyceride (P <0.05) at 12 months. Conclusions: CVD risk-screening programs can facilitate cardiac risk reduction in women, but these data do not support an independent benefit of coronary CT imaging in a low-to-moderate risk group. The possibility of a deleterious effect of imaging on patient commitment to lifestyle changes is suggested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Repeated Serum Lipid Measurements During the Peri-Hospitalization Period
- Author
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Nawaz, Haq, Comerford, Beth Patton, Njike, Valentine Yanchou, Dhond, Abhay J., Plavec, Martin, and Katz, David L.
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ISOPENTENOIDS , *STEROLS , *CHOLESTEROL , *BLOOD lipids - Abstract
The early treatment of hyperlipidemia in hospitalized patients confers potential benefit, yet total cholesterol is known to vary with acute illness, often delaying treatment decisions. A prospective study was conducted of 61 patients (mean age 57 years; 49% women) admitted to an acute care community hospital with various diagnoses with random nonfasting lipid profile measurements at admission, followed by second fasting lipid profile measurements on day 3 of hospitalization or upon discharge (whichever occurred first), and final fasting lipid profile measurements 4 weeks after discharge. All individual values of the lipid profile decreases at discharge, whereas the ratios of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to HDL did not change significantly. The 95% confidence interval around the total cholesterol/HDL ratio for each patient was within the same National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III treatment recommendation category 42.6% of the time, whereas corresponding intervals for total cholesterol and LDL were within a single treatment category only 6.6% of the time. The total cholesterol/HDL ratio was significantly more consistent with regard to treatment implications than LDL or total cholesterol (p <0.0001). In conclusion, serum lipid values vary significantly during and after a hospital stay, whereas the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL remains relatively stable. This ratio may therefore serve as a more reliable basis for early treatment decisions in dyslipidemia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Physical Activity Counseling in the Adult Primary Care Setting: Position Statement of the American College of Preventive Medicine
- Author
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Jacobson, Dawn Marie, Strohecker, Lorrie, Compton, Michael T., and Katz, David L.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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