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Direct-fed hexagonal patch antenna are limited to |S 11 | ≥ −10 dB at lower modes, especially when fed at the vertex of the hexagon. This paper demonstrates a technique to compensate impedance mismatch at a lower mode in a vertex-fed slotted hexagonal antenna. A circular parallel-plate capacitor (PPC) is introduced to the antenna structure that improves impedance matching to excite a lower mode for a probe-fed hexagonal patch antenna. With an overall size of 50 × 50 mm 2 , the proposed antenna is compact and can operate at 2.4 GHz in presence of PPC with a gain of 2.11 dB and is suitable for various S-band applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are in the spotlight as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. More than 1,000 miRNAs are encoded in the human genome. In this review, we provide an introduction to miRNA biology and research methodology, and highlight advances in cardiovascular research to date. This includes the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets in cardiac and vascular disease, and their use as novel biomarkers. Although some miRNA therapies are already undergoing clinical evaluation, we stress the importance of integrating current knowledge of miRNA biology into a systemic context. Discovery studies focus on miRNA effects within one specific organ, whereas the expression of most miRNAs is not restricted to a single tissue. Because most miRNA-based therapies act systemically, this may preclude widespread clinical use. The development of more targeted interventions will bolster well-informed clinical applications, increasing the chances of success and minimizing the risk of setbacks for miRNA-based therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many applications of Wireless Sensor Networks such as Airborne Ad-hoc Networks (AANETs) or Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) require the network architecture to be three-dimensional. In this paper, we present a terrestrial three-dimensional network architecture as well as protocol stack deployment for static sensor nodes placed at varying heights. A Dynamic Cluster-Based TDMA MAC (DCB-TDMA MAC) protocol has been developed for this network and simulated using Cooja platform. Cluster-Head nodes are rotated based on residual energy in order to maximize the lifetime of the network. Detailed working of protocol involving Time Synchronization, MAC, Cluster-Head rotation, Dynamic Routing is provided in this paper along with simulation results and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security is the biggest concern for any information transferred in the world of Internet. Sometimes sensitive information is communicated via insecure medium so various attacks like Brute force, Crypt analytic are possible for recovering message and key. In recent years, encryption technology has been developed very quickly to secure the transmitted information. Existing techniques have separate mechanism for key distribution and for encryption and decryption at source and destination. As per our best knowledge there is no algorithm that is implemented till now that generates the key and then encrypts the message with that key then transfers the message and the key securely so that the same key can be used for decrypting the message. Still the cipher text remains that of original message length. In this paper we have proposed an efficient cryptographic scheme for text message protection against Brute force and Cryptanalytic attacks. This technique can also be used for most crucial applications where it requires a significant security of transmitted message and also there is no overhead on the transfer of message and the key when it is used with our proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of more sensitive protein biomarker assays results in continuous improvements in detectability, extending the range of clinical applications to the detection of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, these efforts have not yet led to improvements in risk assessment compared with existing risk scores. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been assessed as biomarkers, and miRNAs have attracted most attention. More recently, other ncRNA classes have been identified, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Here, we compare emerging ncRNA biomarkers in the cardiovascular field with protein biomarkers for their potential in clinical application, focusing on myocardial injury. Cardiac troponins (cTns) are the gold standard biomarker for detecting acute myocardial damage. With increasing sensitivity opportunities arise for a potential application in cardiovascular risk prediction in the general population. cMyBP-C has biomarker properties with an earlier release from injured cardiomyocytes than Tns. Among ncRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs have been studied in the context of cardiac injury; miRNAs are stable in the circulation and have cardiac or muscle specificity; most circulating lncRNAs may not be of cardiac origin; cardiac circRNAs show poor detectability in plasma. ncRNA biomarker evaluation is still hampered by methodological issues such as medication as confounding factors and high analysis costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Droplet Measurement Technology (DMT) Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (CCNC) was deployed to measure cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) for the first time in the pristine Himalayan region at Himalayan Clouds Observatory (HCO), Swami Ram Tirtha (SRT) Campus (30°34′ N, 78°41′ E, 1706 m AMSL), Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna (HNB) Garhwal University, Badshahithaul, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. The CCN concentration (N CCN) was observed at four supersaturation levels (SS: 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0%). In this study, we reported CCN concentration at 0.5% SS in different weather conditions from Aug 01, 2018 to Jun 30, 2019. During this observation period, the monthly averaged value of CCN concentration ranged between 1098.3 ± 448.9 cm−3 (mean ± SD) and 3842.9 ± 2512.9 cm−3. It covers a significantly wide range of daily averaged concentrations from the minimum concentration of 43.84 cm−3 (during heavy wet scavenging due to snowfall) to maximum concentration of 17000 cm−3 (during the events of a forest fire) at the observation site. The highest CCN concentration is observed at the time of sunrise (~07:00 a.m.) and after the sunset (~07:00 p.m.) for the diurnal variation of monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter season. Pre-monsoon season shows peak values at 10:00 a.m. and at 07:00 p.m. with higher concentrations at night hours. The possible reasons for maximum concentration in morning and evening time could be upliftment and settlement of CCN because of the convection process, anthropogenic emission, vehicular emission, and biomass burning in the residential area and valley region adjacent to HCO, Badshahithaul. The highest CCN concentration (3842.9 ± 2513 cm−3) values of the whole observation period were observed in May 2019. It was significantly affected by the heavy fire activities over the Uttarakhand and nearby IGP regions. Diurnal variation of CCN concentration during the HFAD shows higher values in the night time differing from the diurnal pattern of CCN for other months of the observation period. The long-range transport of air mass could also contribute to the high CCN concentration values, as found through the five-day air mass backward trajectory analysis. The lowest value of CCN concentration corresponds to the heavy rains and snowfall days, possibly caused by extensive wet scavenging. Cluster analysis of the air mass trajectories used for the allocation and classification of the possible sources of pollutants reaching the observation site. The highest fraction of CCN concentration (more than 2000 cm−3) corresponds to the air mass from the arid and semi-arid regions of Asian countries. Large air mass fraction (~40–60%) with moderate CCN concentration was received from northwestern IGP region and foothills of central Himalaya. • Time series of CCN at four different levels of supersaturation (Superssaturation: 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0%), and its role in the macroscopic cloud formation mechanism over the high-altitude region. • Study of seasonal, diurnal, and temporal variation of CCN over the Himalayan regions and comparisons with different altitude sites, geographic and climatic conditions of India. • Observations provided the average CCN concentration 1411.3 ± 1110.1 cm−3, 1645.7 ± 690.62 cm−3, 1712.3 ± 862.8 cm−3, and 2514.7 ± 2166.4 cm−3 for Monsoon, Post- Monsoon, Winter and Pre-monsoon Seasons respectively. • Analysis of local meteorological conditions impact on the formation of high-altitude cloud, and complexity of local weather phenomenon. • Use of transport models to analyze and characterize the possible sources of the pollutant for rural areas with relatively low urbanization and industrialization activities and role transported pollutants from the urban (highly polluted and populated) regions on the modification of local meteorology of the Garhwal Himalayan regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]