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Carbazomycins I (1) and J (2), two novel carbazole alkaloids were isolated from the fermentation broth of Saccharopolyspora phattalungensis DSM 45584. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against seven pathogens by the agar diffusion method. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis revealed the biosynthetic gene cluster for carbazomycins (1) and J (2). [Display omitted] • Carbazomycins I (1) and J (2), two novel carbazole alkaloids were isolated from the fermentation broth of Saccharopolyspora phattalungensis DSM 45584. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against seven pathogens by the agar diffusion method. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis revealed the biosynthetic gene cluster for carbazomycins (1) and J (2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acupuncture is used to relieve symptoms, reducing recurrence, and improve the lives of patients with skin diseases. To identify, describe, and organize the available evidence on acupuncture for atopic eczema (AE) using evidence mapping of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews (SRs), and meta-analyses. We searched eight databases from inception to October 30, 2021, for RCTs, SRs, and meta-analyses of acupuncture for patients with AE. Two reviewers screened the papers, before extracting the data and assessing the quality of the included studies. The basic and clinical characteristics, and quality of assessment of the studies were assessed using descriptive statistics and qualitative analyses. A bubble plot was used to visualize the evidence map to indicate the relationship between the type and frequency of outcomes, the quality and overall effects of acupuncture, and the outcomes of the studies. Forty-five studies (40 RCTs, five SRs, and meta-analyses) were included. The number of publications increased rapidly after 2013 and peaked in 2019. The most frequently applied intervention was one type of acupuncture therapy. The most frequent comparison was between acupuncture and active medicine. The symptomatic outcome was the most commonly used, and the quality of the included studies was relatively low. All included studies showed a significantly better outcome in the acupuncture group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Most outcomes in the included studies were of low or critically low quality. Several symptomatic outcomes and health-related quality of life outcomes in the included RCTs indicated moderate quality, while some symptomatic outcomes and global symptom improvement in the included SRs and meta-analyses indicated low quality. The majority of studies related to acupuncture for AE indicated promising results, but with relatively low quality; thus, further studies with more robust designs should be conducted to validate the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid and accurate detection of Burkholderia gladioli (B. gladioli) and effective sterilization are crucial for ensuring food safety. Hence, a novel "loong frolic pearls" platform based on platinum-based fluorescent nanozymes (Pt-OCDs) and strand exchange amplification (SEA) was reported. Magnetic nanoparticles were modified on primer SEA F, while Pt-OCDs were covalently coupled with primer SEA-R. The highly efficient amplification capability of SEA permitted the accumulation of a large number of double-labeled amplicons. After magnetic adsorption, the supernatant was detected in reverse direction to collect colorimetric-fluorescence-photothermal signal values, enabling ultra-precise detection within 1 h. Furthermore, the Pt-based multifunctional nanoplatform generated abundant •OH and 1O 2 , which synergistically attacked B. gladioli and its biofilm, resulting in significant bactericidal efficacy within 30 min. This "triple-detection and double-sterilization" platform has been successfully applied in the field of food analysis with good recovery rates and immediate control over B. gladioli , thus demonstrating promising prospects for broad applications. [Display omitted] • A novel "loong frolic pearls" platform based on Pt-OCDs and SEA was first reported. • The platform achieved the "triple-detection and double-sterilization" of B. gladioli. • Tri-modal signal values were internal proofreading and enhanced the accuracy. • Pt-based multifunctional nanozymes can eradicate B. gladioli in a short time. • The platform was successfully applied in edible mushrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and its metabolites, aflatoxins, are widespread in crops and foods, threatening public health. Using chemical fungicides to control A. flavus can pose safety hazards and cause environmental pollution. Therefore, there is an urgent need for safe and effective antifungal agents to control A. flavus. In this study, we isolated Aspergillus luchuensis YZ-1 cell-free supernatant (CFS), volatiles, and mycelial extracts to investigate their inhibitory effects on A. flavus. Results indicate that the CFS exhibited greater efficacy in impeding the growth and synthesis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in A. flavus. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant downregulation of lipid metabolism, biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, and glycan metabolism in A. flavus treated with CFS. Approximately 94% of the genes in the aflatoxin synthesis pathway were significantly downregulated. Furthermore, the CFS treatment significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in A. flavus , affected its energy metabolism, and upregulated methane metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway. We then investigated the inhibitory mechanism of YZ-1 against A. flavus by biochemical analysis. It was further confirmed that CFS had destructive effects in the cell wall and cell membrane of A. flavus , as indicated by leakage of nucleic acids, proteins, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), as well as decreased chitin and ergosterol content. In summary, this study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of CFS against A. flavus , suggesting its potential as a biocontrol agent in food and agriculture. [Display omitted] • YZ-1 had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth and AFB1 production of A. flavus. • Transcriptomic changes in A. flavus exposed to the CFS were analyzed. • CFS induced severe oxidative stress. • CFS can act on fungal cell wall, membrane and affect cellular metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Interest in using herbal medicines to treat the hypercholesterolemia is increasing. Cranberry extract could decrease plasma cholesterol, however, the active ingredients and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.Hypothesis: The present study was to test the hypothesis that cranberry anthocyanins (CrA) were at least one of the active ingredients responsible for the cholesterol-lowering activity of cranberry fruits via a mechanism of increasing fecal sterol excretion.Methods: Forty-four hamsters were randomly divided into five groups and fed one of the five diets, namely a non-cholesterol control diet (NCD), a high-cholesterol control diet (HCD), a HCD diet supplemented with a low dose of 1% CrA (CL), a HCD diet supplemented with a high dose of 2% CrA (CH), and a HCD diet supplemented with 0.5% cholestyramine as a positive control drug (P-CTL), respectively, for six weeks. Plasma lipoprotein cholesterol was quantified using the enzymatic kits, while the gene expressions of transporters, enzymes and receptors involved in cholesterol absorption and metabolism were quantified using the quantitative RT-PCR. Fecal sterols were quantified using gas chromatography (GC).Results: Plasma total cholesterol and aorta atherosclerotic plaque decreased dose-dependently with the increasing amounts of CrA added into diets. This was accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in excretion of both neutral and acidic sterols. CrA had no effect on the mRNA levels of intestinal Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 protein (NPC1L1), acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase2 (ACAT2), microsomal triacylglycerol transport protein (MTP), and ATP binding cassette transporter 5 (ABCG5) as well as hepatic cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl reductase (HMG-CoA-R), sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), LDL receptor (LDL-R), and Liver X receptor alpha (LXRα).Conclusion: CrA as an herbal medicine could favorably modify the lipoprotein profile in hamsters fed a high cholesterol diet by enhancing excretion of fecal neutral and acidic sterols, most likely not mediated by interaction with genes of transporters, enzymes and proteins involved in cholesterol absorption and metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskites have been ubiquitously utilized in both rigid and flexible optoelectronics with high performance. However, developing perovskites-based stretchable optoelectronics is highly challenging because perovskites are intrinsically not stretchable unlike some organic semiconductors. Here, for the first time, we devised a novel metal seeding growth method to obtain three-dimensional (3D) perovskite nanowire forests (NWFs) with excellent mechanical stretchability, akin to the seeding growth of grass in nature. Benefiting from their intrinsic stretchability, perovskite NWFs-based stretchable photodetectors have been demonstrated with excellent photodetection performance. Under 0% strain, the device dark current is as low as 0.18 nA cm-2 at − 2 V bias, contributing to an ultrahigh light-to-dark current ratio (I light / I dark) of 1.1 × 105 under 5.5 mW cm-2 illumination. The device also exhibits a high responsivity of 455.3 mA W-1 and specific detectivity of 8.69 × 1012 Jones. Meanwhile, under 80% strain conditions, the device have shown negligible performance drop, especially in the aspect of I light / I dark. Our work reports a novel growth process that leads to intriguing 3D perovskite nanostructures with unique mechanical flexibility and stretchability, in addition to high optoelectronic sensing performance. These appealing properties can find applications in high-performance stretchable and wearable optoelectronics in the future. [Display omitted] • A novel metal seeding growth of vertical 3-dimensional metal halide perovskite nanowire forests (NWFs) is demonstrated. • The growth process is akin to the seeding growth of grass in nature. • NWFs-based photodetector has an ultralow I dark of 0.18 nA cm-2 at − 2 V bias and an ultrahigh I light /I dark of 1.1 × 105. • The intrinsic stretchability of the perovskite NWFs enables high-performance stretchable photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• After PM2.5 stimulation, the content of irisin in mouse lung tissue increased. • Irisin mitigated inflammatory changes in PM2.5-induced acute lung injury models. • Irisin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in MH-S cells. • Irisin may play an anti-inflammatory role through the Nod2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Air pollution consisting of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can induce or aggravate pulmonary inflammatory injury. Irisin has been shown to inhibit inflammation and help to protect against acute kidney, lung or brain injury. However, the role of irisin in lung inflammation after exposure to PM2.5 remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of irisin supplementation on in vitro and in vivo models of PM2.5-induced acute lung injury（ALI). C57BL/6 mice and alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S) were treated with PM2.5. Histopathological examination and FNDC5/ irisin immunofluorescence staining was performed on lung tissue sections. MH-S cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. The levels of Nod2, NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α) were detected by ELISA. PM2.5 exposure induced increased secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and activation of Nod2, NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 as well as endogenous levels of irisin. In vivo and in vitro inflammation was alleviated by irisin supplementation. Irisin significantly decreased IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α production at both mRNA and protein level. Expression levels of Nod2, NF-κB p65, and NLRP3 were all significantly affected by irisin. In vivo the degree of pulmonary injury and inflammatory infiltration was weakened after irisin administration. In vitro , irisin could inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome for a sustained period of 24 h, and its inhibitory ability was gradually enhanced. In conclusion, our findings indicate that irisin can modulate the inflammatory injury of lung tissue caused by PM2.5 through the Nod2/NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that irisin can be a candidate for the therapeutic or preventive intervention in acute lung inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curvulamine is a novel alkaloid with strong antimicrobial activity produced by the marine-derived fungus Curvularia sp. IFB-Z10. In this work, the effects of different carbon and nitrogen source on curvulamine production were firstly investigated. Different morphologies were formed and pellet-like growth of fungi was found positive for the curvulamine formation, and sucrose, yeast extract and sodium nitrate revealed most suitable for curvulamine formation. Subsequently, four seed culture methods were employed to examine the linkage between pellet shape and curvulamine production. The mean pellet diameter was significantly decreased and the production was improved to 17.97 mg/L by method M3, which used baffled shake flask and glass homogenizer to prepare the homogenized seed broth. Furthermore, microparticle-based morphology engineering was used to control the pellet shape and enhanced the curvulamine production. By supplementation of talc powder (200 mesh, 5 g/L), the mean pellet diameter dramatically decreased and the fermentation titer reached 33.05 mg/L, which was about 1.9-fold of the control (17.21 mg/L). In addition, the fermentation process was scaled up in a 5-L bioreactor and the curvulamine production reached 21.63 mg/L, which was about 3.3-fold of the control (6.58 mg/L). The results obtained provided a new approach to enhance curvulamine production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dalesconols (dalesconols A and B) are novel polyketides with strong immunosuppressive activity produced by Daldinia eschscholzii . In this work, the effects of different media (M1, M2, and M3) on fungus growth and dalesconols biosynthesis were firstly tested and compared. Intermediates and enzyme analysis indicated that laccase had the major contribution to dalesconols biosynthesis. The key role of laccase on dalesconols biosynthesis was further experimentally confirmed, which suggested that the modified M2 was more favored for laccase and dalesconols production. Thereafter, the medium composition was optimized by RSM with a fermentation titer of 36.66 mg/L obtained. Furthermore, Ca 2+ induction was employed to up-regulate of laccase activity and further enhanced dalesconols production (76.90 mg/L), which was 308% higher than that in M2. In addition, dalesconols production reached 63.42 mg/L in scale-up experiments. This work indicated great potential of laccase as a key enzyme on regulation of dalesconols production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]