Search

Highlights • Tidal characteristics in Zhoushan Archipelago waters remapped with high resolution with a two-way nested modeling system. • Jet-like flows in channels and relevant mechanisms are explored: high advective nonlinearity plays an important role. • Overtides M 4 and M 6 are generated by advective nonlinearity, not bottom friction, nor propagated from an open boundary. Abstract A complex archipelago exhibits high velocity shear, strong advection, and significant nonlinearity for tides, overtides, tidal currents, and subtidal hydrodynamics. Here, a high-resolution regional ocean modeling system with two-way nesting is applied to the coastal Zhoushan Archipelago in the East China Sea. After validation for the M 2 , S 2 , K 1 , and O 1 tidal constituents, the spatial structures of tides and tidal currents are presented. The features of these constituents and two significant overtides of M 2 (M 4 and M 6) are discussed. The M 2 tide is dominant in the study domain, followed by the S 2 , K 1 , and O 1 tides in amplitude in that order. Tidal energy budget analysis shows that about 46.4% of the incoming energy is dissipated inside the study area and 67.3% of the dissipated energy is consumed by the bottom friction, while the remainder passes through the study domain. Jetlike flows in the channels are among the most remarkable features. Analysis of momentum balance terms averaged over the flood or ebb period demonstrates that the primary balance near the islands is between the horizontal advection and the pressure gradient force, suggesting a predominant Bernoulli-type motion with strong nonlinearity. However, in the area away from the islands, the horizontal advection becomes less important. The M 4 and M 6 tides are mainly generated by nonlinear advection, bottom friction plays a minor role, and the interactions between different constituents also have some influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It was reported that Hcy was related to the development of kidney disease, but it remains unknown whether Hcy is an independent biomarker for diabetic nephropathy. Analytical method for simultaneous determination of aminothiols among the Hcy metabolic cycle is desirable to discover other potential biomarkers. A high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC–ESI-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous quantitation of Cysteine (Cys), total homocysteine (tHcy), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), cystathionine (Cysta), methionine (Met), glutathione (GSH) and cysteinylglycine (Cys-gly) in plasma with N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG) as internal standard. The method had simple pretreatment without derivatization and the chromatograms show better separation of the eight aminothiols and the analytic time was 20min. The results demonstrated that it provided an excellent linearity for all analytes over their respective concentration ranges and illustrated excellent precision and plasma recovery as well. Then, the method was applied in the case–control study of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). In conclusion, it is an effective method to quantitate the concentrations of aminothiols in the human plasma. SAH and SAM were suggested as better potential biomarkers of DM and DN. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]