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In relation to recent attention focused on the use of energy by lighting, there is a large potential for commercial buildings to save energy in this respect. The use of energy-saving bulbs or dimming controls triggered by daylight, not only enables lighting energy saving, but delivers cooling energy through a reduction in indoor heat production. In this study, we examine the energy use in commercial buildings by evaluating lighting energy saving methods and the effect of using dimmer controls with a heat control method, which can both maximize the cooling load reduction during summer and save energy. Results show that the total energy from the reference commercial building was reduced by 20.9% by replacing LFL T12 bulbs with LEDs, together with an additional saving of 19.9% in cooling energy by using the lighting heat & dimming control method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Application of heat control strategy reduces total energy consumption of LED lighting. [•] Convective heat from LED lighting should be emitted outdoors during cooling period. [•] Seasonal optimization of convective heat lowers total energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We measured the thermal performance of different window systems. [•] We also analyzed their effects on building energy savings in S. Korea. [•] The maximum ratings of the southern region and Jeju Island are Ratings 1. [•] The maximum ratings of the central region is just Ratings 2. [•] We suggest more specific and local criteria of the certification system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Solid adsorbents comprising 50, 70, and 90wt.% heteropolyacid Fe2.0SiW12O40 (Fe–HPA) and mesoporous cellular foams (MCFs) have been synthesized by wetting impregnation. The adsorbents were characterized by various physicochemical, thermal and spectral techniques and the CO2 adsorption capacity of the adsorbents were investigated. The structure of Fe–HPA on the surface of the support was confirmed by TEM, SAXS, XRD, SEM, FTIR, 29Si MAS NMR, and XPS. XPS of the Fe 2p3/2, 2p1/2, 3p and W 4f7/2, 4f5/2, 4d5/2, 4d3/2 confirmed the presence of typical Fe(2+) and W(6+) in the adsorbent, respectively. The adsorbents showed a very high adsorption capacity due to the chemisorption of CO2. The CO2 adsorption capacity of a 70wt.% Fe–HPA–MCF sample was 111.8mg/g-adsorbent at 25°C. This result indicated that the reported iron (Fe2+) complex could be used as an efficient adsorbent for the separation of CO2. The adsorbents displayed excellent CO2 adsorption capacity and were thermally stable and recyclable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]