Author: "Invernizzi, P." / Publisher: elsevier b.v. - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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262 results on '"Invernizzi, P."'

1. Incidence and predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with autoimmune hepatitis

Author: van Gerven, N., van Erpecum, K., Ouden, J den, Brouwer, J., Vrolijk, J., Gevers, T.J., Drenth, J., Guichelaar, M., Bouma, G., Schreuder, T.C.M.A., van der Wouden, E.J., Baak, L.C., Stadhouders, P., Klemt-Kropp, M., Verhagen, M., Bhalla, A., Kuijvenhoven, J., Almasio, P., Alvarez, F., Andrade, R., Arikan, C., Assis, D., Bardou-Jacquet, E., Biewenga, M., Cancado, E., Cazzagon, N., Chazouillères, O., Colloredo, G., Cuarterolo, M., Dalekos, G., Debray, D., Robles-Díaz, M., Dyson, J., Efe, C., Engel, B., Ferri, S., Fontana, R., Gatselis, N., Gerussi, A., Halilbasic, E., Halliday, N., Heneghan, M., Hirschfield, G., van Hoek, B., Hørby Jørgensen, M., Indolfini, G., Iorio, R., Invernizzi, P., Jeong, S., Jones, D., Kelly, D., Kerkar, N., Lacaille, F., Lammert, C., Leggett, B., Lenzi, M., Levy, C., Liberal, R., Lleo, A., Lohse, A., Lopez, S. Ines, de Martin, E., McLin, V., Mieli-Vergani, G., Milkiewicz, P., Mohan, N., Muratori, L., Nebbia, G., van Nieuwkerk, C., Oo, Y., Ortega, A., Páres, A., Pop, T., Pratt, D., Purnak, T., Ranucci, G., Rushbrook, S., Schramm, C., Stättermayer, A., Swain, M., Tanaka, A., Taubert, R., Terrabuio, D., Terziroli, B., Trauner, M., Valentino, P., van den Brand, F., Vergani, D., Villamil, A., Wahlin, S., Ytting, H., Zachou, K., Zeniya, M., Colapietro, Francesca, Maisonneuve, Patrick, Lytvyak, Ellina, Beuers, Ulrich, Verdonk, Robert C., van der Meer, Adriaan J., van Hoek, Bart, Kuiken, Sjoerd D., Brouwer, Johannes T., Muratori, Paolo, Aghemo, Alessio, Carella, Francesco, van den Berg, Ad P., Zachou, Kalliopi, Dalekos, George N., Di Zeo-Sánchez, Daniel E., Robles, Mercedes, Andrade, Raul J., Montano-Loza, Aldo J., van den Brand, Floris F., Slooter, Charlotte D., Macedo, Guilherme, Liberal, Rodrigo, de Boer, Ynto S., and Lleo, Ana
Published: 2024
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2. Prevalence and significance of antimitochondrial antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH): Results from a large multicentre study of the International AIH Group

Author: Gatselis, N, Zachou, K, Loza, A, Cancado, E, Arinaga-Hino, T, Muratori, P, Efe, C, Floreani, A, Invernizzi, P, Takahashi, A, Takaki, A, Beretta-Piccoli, B, van Hoek, B, Lytvyak, E, Guedes, L, Purnak, T, Cazzagon, N, Lygoura, V, Arvaniti, P, Rigopoulou, E, Muratori, L, Dalekos, G, Gatselis N. K., Zachou K., Loza A. J. M., Cancado E. L. R., Arinaga-Hino T., Muratori P., Efe C., Floreani A., Invernizzi P., Takahashi A., Takaki A., Beretta-Piccoli B. T., van Hoek B., Lytvyak E., Guedes L. V., Purnak T., Cazzagon N., Lygoura V., Arvaniti P., Rigopoulou E. I., Muratori L., Dalekos G. N., Gatselis, N, Zachou, K, Loza, A, Cancado, E, Arinaga-Hino, T, Muratori, P, Efe, C, Floreani, A, Invernizzi, P, Takahashi, A, Takaki, A, Beretta-Piccoli, B, van Hoek, B, Lytvyak, E, Guedes, L, Purnak, T, Cazzagon, N, Lygoura, V, Arvaniti, P, Rigopoulou, E, Muratori, L, Dalekos, G, Gatselis N. K., Zachou K., Loza A. J. M., Cancado E. L. R., Arinaga-Hino T., Muratori P., Efe C., Floreani A., Invernizzi P., Takahashi A., Takaki A., Beretta-Piccoli B. T., van Hoek B., Lytvyak E., Guedes L. V., Purnak T., Cazzagon N., Lygoura V., Arvaniti P., Rigopoulou E. I., Muratori L., and Dalekos G. N.
Abstract: Background & Aims: Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are specific markers for the diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) but can also be found occasionally in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The present large multicentre cohort study assessed the prevalence and significance of AMA in AIH-patients. Methods: 123 AMA-positive AIH-patients were investigated and compared with 711 age-matched AMA-negative AIH-patients and 69 patients with AIH/PBC variant. Results: AMA prevalence in AIH-patients was 5.1% (range: 1.2%-11.8%). AMA-positivity was associated with female sex (p = 0.031) in AMA-positive AIH-patients but not with liver biochemistry, bile duct injury on liver biopsy, disease severity at baseline and response to treatment compared to AMA-negative AIH-patients. Comparing AMA-positive AIH-patients to those with AIH/PBC variant, there was no difference in disease severity. Regarding liver histology, AIH/PBC variant patients were characterized by the presence of at least one feature of bile duct damage (p<0.001). Response to immunosuppressive treatment was similar among groups. From AMA-positive AIH patients only those with evidence of non-specific bile duct injury had higher risk to progress to cirrhosis (HR=4.314, 95%CI: 2.348–7.928; p<0.001). During follow-up, AMA-positive AIH-patients had higher risk to develop histological bile duct injury (HR 4.654, 95%CI 1.829–11.840; p = 0.001). Conclusions: AMA presence is relatively common among AIH-patients, but their clinical significance seems important only when they co-exist with non-specific bile duct injury at the histological level. Therefore, a careful evaluation of liver biopsy seems of utmost importance in these patients.
Published: 2023

3. Corrigendum to: “Genome-wide association study of non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis in a histologically characterised cohort☆” [J Hepatol (2020) 505–515, (S0168827820302130), (10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.003)]

Author: Anstee Q. M., Anstee, Q, Darlay, R, Cockell, S, Meroni, M, Govaere, O, Tiniakos, D, Burt, A, Bedossa, P, Palmer, J, Liu, Y, Aithal, G, Allison, M, Yki-Jarvinen, H, Vacca, M, Dufour, J, Invernizzi, P, Prati, D, Ekstedt, M, Kechagias, S, Francque, S, Petta, S, Bugianesi, E, Clement, K, Ratziu, V, Schattenberg, J, Valenti, L, Day, C, Cordell, H, Daly, A, Anstee Q. M., Darlay R., Cockell S., Meroni M., Govaere O., Tiniakos D., Burt A. D., Bedossa P., Palmer J., Liu Y. -L., Aithal G. P., Allison M., Yki-Jarvinen H., Vacca M., Dufour J. -F., Invernizzi P., Prati D., Ekstedt M., Kechagias S., Francque S., Petta S., Bugianesi E., Clement K., Ratziu V., Schattenberg J. M., Valenti L., Day C. P., Cordell H. J., Daly A. K., Anstee Q. M., Anstee, Q, Darlay, R, Cockell, S, Meroni, M, Govaere, O, Tiniakos, D, Burt, A, Bedossa, P, Palmer, J, Liu, Y, Aithal, G, Allison, M, Yki-Jarvinen, H, Vacca, M, Dufour, J, Invernizzi, P, Prati, D, Ekstedt, M, Kechagias, S, Francque, S, Petta, S, Bugianesi, E, Clement, K, Ratziu, V, Schattenberg, J, Valenti, L, Day, C, Cordell, H, Daly, A, Anstee Q. M., Darlay R., Cockell S., Meroni M., Govaere O., Tiniakos D., Burt A. D., Bedossa P., Palmer J., Liu Y. -L., Aithal G. P., Allison M., Yki-Jarvinen H., Vacca M., Dufour J. -F., Invernizzi P., Prati D., Ekstedt M., Kechagias S., Francque S., Petta S., Bugianesi E., Clement K., Ratziu V., Schattenberg J. M., Valenti L., Day C. P., Cordell H. J., and Daly A. K.
Abstract: In this article we used data from the Understanding Society study as part of our control group. While we did explain that the data was provided by Understanding Society in the paper, we did not include the statement they required for use of these data which is the following: “Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study is led by the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex and funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. The survey was conducted by NatCen and the genome-wide scan data were analysed and deposited by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Information on how to access the data can be found on the Understanding Society website https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/.” We apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Published: 2023

4. Corrigendum to: “An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs” [J Hepatol 75 (2021) 572-581, (S0168827821003342), (10.1016/j.jhep.2021.04.055)]

Author: Cordell H. J., Cordell, H, Fryett, J, Ueno, K, Darlay, R, Aiba, Y, Hitomi, Y, Kawashima, M, Nishida, N, Khor, S, Gervais, O, Kawai, Y, Nagasaki, M, Tokunaga, K, Tang, R, Shi, Y, Li, Z, Juran, B, Atkinson, E, Gerussi, A, Carbone, M, Asselta, R, Cheung, A, de Andrade, M, Baras, A, Horowitz, J, Ferreira, M, Sun, D, Jones, D, Flack, S, Spicer, A, Mulcahy, V, Byan, J, Han, Y, Sandford, R, Lazaridis, K, Amos, C, Hirschfield, G, Seldin, M, Invernizzi, P, Siminovitch, K, Ma, X, Nakamura, M, Mells, G, Cordell H. J., Fryett J. J., Ueno K., Darlay R., Aiba Y., Hitomi Y., Kawashima M., Nishida N., Khor S. -S., Gervais O., Kawai Y., Nagasaki M., Tokunaga K., Tang R., Shi Y., Li Z., Juran B. D., Atkinson E. J., Gerussi A., Carbone M., Asselta R., Cheung A., de Andrade M., Baras A., Horowitz J., Ferreira M. A. R., Sun D., Jones D. E., Flack S., Spicer A., Mulcahy V. L., Byan J., Han Y., Sandford R. N., Lazaridis K. N., Amos C. I., Hirschfield G. M., Seldin M. F., Invernizzi P., Siminovitch K. A., Ma X., Nakamura M., Mells G. F., Cordell H. J., Cordell, H, Fryett, J, Ueno, K, Darlay, R, Aiba, Y, Hitomi, Y, Kawashima, M, Nishida, N, Khor, S, Gervais, O, Kawai, Y, Nagasaki, M, Tokunaga, K, Tang, R, Shi, Y, Li, Z, Juran, B, Atkinson, E, Gerussi, A, Carbone, M, Asselta, R, Cheung, A, de Andrade, M, Baras, A, Horowitz, J, Ferreira, M, Sun, D, Jones, D, Flack, S, Spicer, A, Mulcahy, V, Byan, J, Han, Y, Sandford, R, Lazaridis, K, Amos, C, Hirschfield, G, Seldin, M, Invernizzi, P, Siminovitch, K, Ma, X, Nakamura, M, Mells, G, Cordell H. J., Fryett J. J., Ueno K., Darlay R., Aiba Y., Hitomi Y., Kawashima M., Nishida N., Khor S. -S., Gervais O., Kawai Y., Nagasaki M., Tokunaga K., Tang R., Shi Y., Li Z., Juran B. D., Atkinson E. J., Gerussi A., Carbone M., Asselta R., Cheung A., de Andrade M., Baras A., Horowitz J., Ferreira M. A. R., Sun D., Jones D. E., Flack S., Spicer A., Mulcahy V. L., Byan J., Han Y., Sandford R. N., Lazaridis K. N., Amos C. I., Hirschfield G. M., Seldin M. F., Invernizzi P., Siminovitch K. A., Ma X., Nakamura M., and Mells G. F.
Abstract: It has come to our attention that while we explained that data for the control group in our study was provided by Understanding Society, we did not include the required statement for use of these data, which is the following: “Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study is led by the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex and funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. The survey was conducted by NatCen and the genome-wide scan data were analysed and deposited by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Information on how to access the data can be found on the Understanding Society website https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/.” We apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Published: 2023

5. Role of ductular reaction and ductular–canalicular junctions in identifying severe primary biliary cholangitis

Author: Overi, D, Carpino, G, Cristoferi, L, Onori, P, Kennedy, L, Francis, H, Zucchini, N, Rigamonti, C, Vigano, M, Floreani, A, D'Amato, D, Gerussi, A, Venere, R, Alpini, G, Glaser, S, Alvaro, D, Invernizzi, P, Gaudio, E, Cardinale, V, Carbone, M, Overi D., Carpino G., Cristoferi L., Onori P., Kennedy L., Francis H., Zucchini N., Rigamonti C., Vigano M., Floreani A., D'Amato D., Gerussi A., Venere R., Alpini G., Glaser S., Alvaro D., Invernizzi P., Gaudio E., Cardinale V., Carbone M., Overi, D, Carpino, G, Cristoferi, L, Onori, P, Kennedy, L, Francis, H, Zucchini, N, Rigamonti, C, Vigano, M, Floreani, A, D'Amato, D, Gerussi, A, Venere, R, Alpini, G, Glaser, S, Alvaro, D, Invernizzi, P, Gaudio, E, Cardinale, V, Carbone, M, Overi D., Carpino G., Cristoferi L., Onori P., Kennedy L., Francis H., Zucchini N., Rigamonti C., Vigano M., Floreani A., D'Amato D., Gerussi A., Venere R., Alpini G., Glaser S., Alvaro D., Invernizzi P., Gaudio E., Cardinale V., and Carbone M.
Abstract: Background & Aims: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholangiopathy characterised by immuno-mediated injury of interlobular bile ducts leading to intrahepatic cholestasis and progressive liver fibrosis. PBC histology is characterised by portal inflammation, progressive fibrosis, ductopenia, and the appearance of the so-called ductular reaction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathogenetic relevance of ductular reaction in PBC. Methods: Liver biopsies were collected from naïve people with PBC (N = 87). Clinical–serological parameters were obtained at diagnosis and after 1 year of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment. Histological staging was performed on all slides according to multiple scoring systems and criteria for PBC. Liver samples were obtained from Mdr2−/− mice treated with or without UDCA. Samples were processed for histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Results: Ductular reaction in people with PBC correlated with the disease stage and liver fibrosis, but not with disease activity; an extensive ductular reaction correlated with serum alkaline phosphatase levels at diagnosis, response to UDCA, and individuals’ estimated survival, independently from other histological parameters, including disease stage. In people with PBC, reactive ductules were associated with the establishment of junctions with bile canaliculi and with fibrogenetic cell activation. Consistently, in a mouse model of intrahepatic cholestasis, UDCA treatment was effective in reducing ductular reaction and fibrosis and increasing ductular–canalicular junctions. Conclusions: Extensive ductular reaction outlines a severe histologic phenotype in PBC and is associated with an inadequate therapy response and a worse estimated prognosis. Lay summary: In people affected by primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), the histological appearance of extensive ductular reaction identifies individuals at risk of progressive fibrosis. Ductular reaction at dia
Published: 2022

6. Corrigendum to ‘An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs’ [J Hepatol 2021;75(3):572–581] (Journal of Hepatology (2021) 75(3) (572–581), (S0168827821003342), (10.1016/j.jhep.2021.04.055))

Author: Cordell H. J., Cordell, H, Fryett, J, Ueno, K, Darlay, R, Aiba, Y, Hitomi, Y, Kawashima, M, Nishida, N, Khor, S, Gervais, O, Kawai, Y, Nagasaki, M, Tokunaga, K, Tang, R, Shi, Y, Li, Z, Juran, B, Atkinson, E, Gerussi, A, Carbone, M, Asselta, R, Cheung, A, de Andrade, M, Baras, A, Horowitz, J, Ferreira, M, Sun, D, Jones, D, Flack, S, Spicer, A, Mulcahy, V, Byun, J, Han, Y, Sandford, R, Lazaridis, K, Amos, C, Hirschfield, G, Seldin, M, Invernizzi, P, Siminovitch, K, Ma, X, Nakamura, M, Mells, G, Mason, A, Vincent, C, Xie, G, Zhang, J, Affronti, A, Almasio, P, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Azzaroli, F, Battezzati, P, Benedetti, A, Bragazzi, M, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Calvaruso, V, Cardinale, V, Casella, G, Cazzagon, N, Ciaccio, A, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colloredo, G, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cristoferi, L, Cursaro, C, Croce, L, Crosignani, A, D'Amato, D, Donato, F, Elia, G, Fabris, L, Fagiuoli, S, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Galli, A, Giannini, E, Grattagliano, I, Lampertico, P, Lleo, A, Malinverno, F, Mancuso, C, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Massironi, S, Mattalia, A, Miele, L, Milani, C, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, G, O'Donnell, S, Picciotto, A, Portincasa, P, Rigamonti, C, Ronca, V, Rosina, F, Spinzi, G, Strazzabosco, M, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Valenti, L, Vinci, M, Zuin, M, Nakamura, H, Abiru, S, Nagaoka, S, Komori, A, Yatsuhashi, H, Ishibashi, H, Ito, M, Migita, K, Ohira, H, Katsushima, S, Naganuma, A, Sugi, K, Komatsu, T, Mannami, T, Matsushita, K, Yoshizawa, K, Makita, F, Nikami, T, Nishimura, H, Kouno, H, Ota, H, Komura, T, Nakamura, Y, Shimada, M, Hirashima, N, Komeda, T, Ario, K, Nakamuta, M, Yamashita, T, Furuta, K, Kikuchi, M, Naeshiro, N, Takahashi, H, Mano, Y, Tsunematsu, S, Yabuuchi, I, Shimada, Y, Yamauchi, K, Sugimoto, R, Sakai, H, Mita, E, Koda, M, Tsuruta, S, Kamitsukasa, H, Sato, T, Masaki, N, Kobata, T, Fukushima, N, Ohara, Y, Muro, T, Takesaki, E, Takaki, H, Yamamoto, T, Kato, M, Nagaoki, Y, Hayashi, S, Ishida, J, Watanabe, Y, Kobayashi, M, Koga, M, Saoshiro, T, Yagura, M, Hirata, K, Tanaka, A, Takikawa, H, Zeniya, M, Abe, M, Onji, M, Kaneko, S, Honda, M, Arai, K, Arinaga-Hino, T, Hashimoto, E, Taniai, M, Umemura, T, Joshita, S, Nakao, K, Ichikawa, T, Shibata, H, Yamagiwa, S, Seike, M, Honda, K, Sakisaka, S, Takeyama, Y, Harada, M, Senju, M, Yokosuka, O, Kanda, T, Ueno, Y, Kikuchi, K, Ebinuma, H, Himoto, T, Yasunami, M, Murata, K, Mizokami, M, Kawata, K, Shimoda, S, Miyake, Y, Takaki, A, Yamamoto, K, Hirano, K, Ichida, T, Ido, A, Tsubouchi, H, Chayama, K, Harada, K, Nakanuma, Y, Maehara, Y, Taketomi, A, Shirabe, K, Soejima, Y, Mori, A, Yagi, S, Uemoto, S, H, E, Tanaka, T, Yamashiki, N, Tamura, S, Sugawara, Y, Kokudo, N, Chalasani, N, Luketic, V, Odin, J, Chopra, K, Abecasis, G, Cantor, M, Coppola, G, Economides, A, Lotta, L, Overton, J, Reid, J, Shuldiner, A, Beechert, C, Forsythe, C, Fuller, E, Gu, Z, Lattari, M, Lopez, A, Schleicher, T, Padilla, M, Toledo, K, Widom, L, Wolf, S, Pradhan, M, Manoochehri, K, Ulloa, R, Bai, X, Balasubramanian, S, Barnard, L, Blumenfeld, A, Eom, G, Habegger, L, Hawes, A, Khalid, S, Maxwell, E, Salerno, W, Staples, J, Jones, M, Mitnaul, L, Sturgess, R, Healey, C, Yeoman, A, Gunasekera, A, Kooner, P, Kapur, K, Sathyanarayana, V, Kallis, Y, Subhani, J, Harvey, R, Mccorry, R, Rooney, P, Ramanaden, D, Evans, R, Mathialahan, T, Gasem, J, Shorrock, C, Bhalme, M, Southern, P, Tibble, J, Gorard, D, Jones, S, Srivastava, B, Foxton, M, Collins, C, Elphick, D, Karmo, M, Porras-Perez, F, Mendall, M, Yapp, T, Patel, M, Ede, R, Sayer, J, Jupp, J, Fisher, N, Carter, M, Koss, K, Shah, J, Piotrowicz, A, Scott, G, Grimley, C, Gooding, I, Williams, S, Tidbury, J, Lim, G, Cheent, K, Levi, S, Mansour, D, Beckley, M, Hollywood, C, Wong, T, Marley, R, Ramage, J, Gordon, H, Ridpath, J, Ngatchu, T, Bob Grover, V, Shidrawi, R, Abouda, G, Corless, L, Narain, M, Rees, I, Brown, A, Taylor-Robinson, S, Wilkins, J, Grellier, L, Banim, P, Das, D, Heneghan, M, Curtis, H, Matthews, H, Mohammed, F, Aldersley, M, Srirajaskanthan, R, Walker, G, Mcnair, A, Sharif, A, Sen, S, Bird, G, Prince, M, Prasad, G, Kitchen, P, Barnardo, A, Oza, C, Sivaramakrishnan, N, Gupta, P, Shah, A, Evans, C, Saha, S, Pollock, K, Bramley, P, Mukhopadhya, A, Barclay, S, Mcdonald, N, Bathgate, A, Palmer, K, Dillon, J, Rushbrook, S, Przemioslo, R, Mcdonald, C, Millar, A, Tai, C, Mitchell, S, Metcalf, J, Shaukat, S, Ninkovic, M, Shmueli, U, Davis, A, Naqvi, A, Lee, T, Ryder, S, Collier, J, Klass, H, Cramp, M, Sharer, N, Aspinall, R, Ghosh, D, Douds, A, Booth, J, Williams, E, Hussaini, H, Christie, J, Mann, S, Thorburn, D, Marshall, A, Patanwala, I, Ala, A, Maltby, J, Matthew, R, Corbett, C, Vyas, S, Singhal, S, Gleeson, D, Misra, S, Butterworth, J, George, K, Harding, T, Douglass, A, Mitchison, H, Panter, S, Shearman, J, Bray, G, Roberts, M, Butcher, G, Forton, D, Mahmood, Z, Cowan, M, Ch'Ng, C, Rahman, M, Whatley, G, Wesley, E, Mandal, A, Jain, S, Pereira, S, Wright, M, Trivedi, P, Gordon, F, Unitt, E, Palejwala, A, Austin, A, Vemala, V, Grant, A, Higham, A, Brind, A, Mathew, R, Cox, M, Ramakrishnan, S, King, A, Whalley, S, Fraser, J, Thomson, S, Bell, A, Wong, V, Kia, R, Gee, I, Keld, R, Ransford, R, Gotto, J, Millson, C, Tarocchi, M, Cordell H. J., Fryett J. J., Ueno K., Darlay R., Aiba Y., Hitomi Y., Kawashima M., Nishida N., Khor S. -S., Gervais O., Kawai Y., Nagasaki M., Tokunaga K., Tang R., Shi Y., Li Z., Juran B. D., Atkinson E. J., Gerussi A., Carbone M., Asselta R., Cheung A., de Andrade M., Baras A., Horowitz J., Ferreira M. A. R., Sun D., Jones D. E., Flack S., Spicer A., Mulcahy V. L., Byun J., Han Y., Sandford R. N., Lazaridis K. N., Amos C. I., Hirschfield G. M., Seldin M. F., Invernizzi P., Siminovitch K. A., Ma X., Nakamura M., Mells G. F., Mason A., Vincent C., Xie G., Zhang J., Affronti A., Almasio P. L., Alvaro D., Andreone P., Andriulli A., Azzaroli F., Battezzati P. M., Benedetti A., Bragazzi M. C., Brunetto M., Bruno S., Calvaruso V., Cardinale V., Casella G., Cazzagon N., Ciaccio A., Coco B., Colli A., Colloredo G., Colombo M., Colombo S., Cristoferi L., Cursaro C., Croce L. S., Crosignani A., D'Amato D., Donato F., Elia G., Fabris L., Fagiuoli S., Ferrari C., Floreani A., Galli A., Giannini E., Grattagliano I., Lampertico P., Lleo A., Malinverno F., Mancuso C., Marra F., Marzioni M., Massironi S., Mattalia A., Miele L., Milani C., Morini L., Morisco F., Muratori L., Muratori P., Niro G. A., O'Donnell S., Picciotto A., Portincasa P., Rigamonti C., Ronca V., Rosina F., Spinzi G., Strazzabosco M., Tiribelli C., Toniutto P., Valenti L., Vinci M., Zuin M., Nakamura H., Abiru S., Nagaoka S., Komori A., Yatsuhashi H., Ishibashi H., Ito M., Migita K., Ohira H., Katsushima S., Naganuma A., Sugi K., Komatsu T., Mannami T., Matsushita K., Yoshizawa K., Makita F., Nikami T., Nishimura H., Kouno H., Ota H., Komura T., Nakamura Y., Shimada M., Hirashima N., Komeda T., Ario K., Nakamuta M., Yamashita T., Furuta K., Kikuchi M., Naeshiro N., Takahashi H., Mano Y., Tsunematsu S., Yabuuchi I., Shimada Y., Yamauchi K., Sugimoto R., Sakai H., Mita E., Koda M., Tsuruta S., Kamitsukasa H., Sato T., Masaki N., Kobata T., Fukushima N., Ohara Y., Muro T., Takesaki E., Takaki H., Yamamoto T., Kato M., Nagaoki Y., Hayashi S., Ishida J., Watanabe Y., Kobayashi M., Koga M., Saoshiro T., Yagura M., Hirata K., Tanaka A., Takikawa H., Zeniya M., Abe M., Onji M., Kaneko S., Honda M., Arai K., Arinaga-Hino T., Hashimoto E., Taniai M., Umemura T., Joshita S., Nakao K., Ichikawa T., Shibata H., Yamagiwa S., Seike M., Honda K., Sakisaka S., Takeyama Y., Harada M., Senju M., Yokosuka O., Kanda T., Ueno Y., Kikuchi K., Ebinuma H., Himoto T., Yasunami M., Murata K., Mizokami M., Kawata K., Shimoda S., Miyake Y., Takaki A., Yamamoto K., Hirano K., Ichida T., Ido A., Tsubouchi H., Chayama K., Harada K., Nakanuma Y., Maehara Y., Taketomi A., Shirabe K., Soejima Y., Mori A., Yagi S., Uemoto S., H E., Tanaka T., Yamashiki N., Tamura S., Sugawara Y., Kokudo N., Chalasani N., Luketic V., Odin J., Chopra K., Abecasis G., Cantor M., Coppola G., Economides A., Lotta L. A., Overton J. D., Reid J. G., Shuldiner A., Beechert C., Forsythe C., Fuller E. D., Gu Z., Lattari M., Lopez A., Schleicher T. D., Padilla M. S., Toledo K., Widom L., Wolf S. E., Pradhan M., Manoochehri K., Ulloa R. H., Bai X., Balasubramanian S., Barnard L., Blumenfeld A., Eom G., Habegger L., Hawes A., Khalid S., Maxwell E. K., Salerno W., Staples J. C., Jones M. B., Mitnaul L. J., Sturgess R., Healey C., Yeoman A., Gunasekera A. V. J., Kooner P., Kapur K., Sathyanarayana V., Kallis Y., Subhani J., Harvey R., McCorry R., Rooney P., Ramanaden D., Evans R., Mathialahan T., Gasem J., Shorrock C., Bhalme M., Southern P., Tibble J. A., Gorard D. A., Jones S., Mells G., Mulcahy V., Srivastava B., Foxton M. R., Collins C. E., Elphick D., Karmo M., Porras-Perez F., Mendall M., Yapp T., Patel M., Ede R., Sayer J., Jupp J., Fisher N., Carter M. J., Koss K., Shah J., Piotrowicz A., Scott G., Grimley C., Gooding I. R., Williams S., Tidbury J., Lim G., Cheent K., Levi S., Mansour D., Beckley M., Hollywood C., Wong T., Marley R., Ramage J., Gordon H. M., Ridpath J., Ngatchu T., Bob Grover V. P., Shidrawi R. G., Abouda G., Corless L., Narain M., Rees I., Brown A., Taylor-Robinson S., Wilkins J., Grellier L., Banim P., Das D., Heneghan M. A., Curtis H., Matthews H. C., Mohammed F., Aldersley M., Srirajaskanthan R., Walker G., McNair A., Sharif A., Sen S., Bird G., Prince M. I., Prasad G., Kitchen P., Barnardo A., Oza C., Sivaramakrishnan N. N., Gupta P., Shah A., Evans C. D. J., Saha S., Pollock K., Bramley P., Mukhopadhya A., Barclay S. T., McDonald N., Bathgate A. J., Palmer K., Dillon J. F., Rushbrook S. M., Przemioslo R., McDonald C., Millar A., Tai C., Mitchell S., Metcalf J., Shaukat S., Ninkovic M., Shmueli U., Davis A., Naqvi A., Lee T. J. W., Ryder S., Collier J., Klass H., Cramp M. E., Sharer N., Aspinall R., Ghosh D., Douds A. C., Booth J., Williams E., Hussaini H., Christie J., Mann S., Thorburn D., Marshall A., Patanwala I., Ala A., Maltby J., Matthew R., Corbett C., Vyas S., Singhal S., Gleeson D., Misra S., Butterworth J., George K., Harding T., Douglass A., Mitchison H., Panter S., Shearman J., Bray G., Roberts M., Butcher G., Forton D., Mahmood Z., Cowan M., Ch'ng C. L., Rahman M., Whatley G. C. A., Wesley E., Mandal A., Jain S., Pereira S. P., Wright M., Trivedi P., Gordon F. H., Unitt E., Palejwala A., Austin A., Vemala V., Grant A., Higham A. D., Brind A., Mathew R., Cox M., Ramakrishnan S., King A., Whalley S., Fraser J., Thomson S. J., Bell A., Wong V. S., Kia R., Gee I., Keld R., Ransford R., Gotto J., Millson C., Tarocchi M., Cordell H. J., Cordell, H, Fryett, J, Ueno, K, Darlay, R, Aiba, Y, Hitomi, Y, Kawashima, M, Nishida, N, Khor, S, Gervais, O, Kawai, Y, Nagasaki, M, Tokunaga, K, Tang, R, Shi, Y, Li, Z, Juran, B, Atkinson, E, Gerussi, A, Carbone, M, Asselta, R, Cheung, A, de Andrade, M, Baras, A, Horowitz, J, Ferreira, M, Sun, D, Jones, D, Flack, S, Spicer, A, Mulcahy, V, Byun, J, Han, Y, Sandford, R, Lazaridis, K, Amos, C, Hirschfield, G, Seldin, M, Invernizzi, P, Siminovitch, K, Ma, X, Nakamura, M, Mells, G, Mason, A, Vincent, C, Xie, G, Zhang, J, Affronti, A, Almasio, P, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Azzaroli, F, Battezzati, P, Benedetti, A, Bragazzi, M, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Calvaruso, V, Cardinale, V, Casella, G, Cazzagon, N, Ciaccio, A, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colloredo, G, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cristoferi, L, Cursaro, C, Croce, L, Crosignani, A, D'Amato, D, Donato, F, Elia, G, Fabris, L, Fagiuoli, S, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Galli, A, Giannini, E, Grattagliano, I, Lampertico, P, Lleo, A, Malinverno, F, Mancuso, C, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Massironi, S, Mattalia, A, Miele, L, Milani, C, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, G, O'Donnell, S, Picciotto, A, Portincasa, P, Rigamonti, C, Ronca, V, Rosina, F, Spinzi, G, Strazzabosco, M, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Valenti, L, Vinci, M, Zuin, M, Nakamura, H, Abiru, S, Nagaoka, S, Komori, A, Yatsuhashi, H, Ishibashi, H, Ito, M, Migita, K, Ohira, H, Katsushima, S, Naganuma, A, Sugi, K, Komatsu, T, Mannami, T, Matsushita, K, Yoshizawa, K, Makita, F, Nikami, T, Nishimura, H, Kouno, H, Ota, H, Komura, T, Nakamura, Y, Shimada, M, Hirashima, N, Komeda, T, Ario, K, Nakamuta, M, Yamashita, T, Furuta, K, Kikuchi, M, Naeshiro, N, Takahashi, H, Mano, Y, Tsunematsu, S, Yabuuchi, I, Shimada, Y, Yamauchi, K, Sugimoto, R, Sakai, H, Mita, E, Koda, M, Tsuruta, S, Kamitsukasa, H, Sato, T, Masaki, N, Kobata, T, Fukushima, N, Ohara, Y, Muro, T, Takesaki, E, Takaki, H, Yamamoto, T, Kato, M, Nagaoki, Y, Hayashi, S, Ishida, J, Watanabe, Y, Kobayashi, M, Koga, M, Saoshiro, T, Yagura, M, Hirata, K, Tanaka, A, Takikawa, H, Zeniya, M, Abe, M, Onji, M, Kaneko, S, Honda, M, Arai, K, Arinaga-Hino, T, Hashimoto, E, Taniai, M, Umemura, T, Joshita, S, Nakao, K, Ichikawa, T, Shibata, H, Yamagiwa, S, Seike, M, Honda, K, Sakisaka, S, Takeyama, Y, Harada, M, Senju, M, Yokosuka, O, Kanda, T, Ueno, Y, Kikuchi, K, Ebinuma, H, Himoto, T, Yasunami, M, Murata, K, Mizokami, M, Kawata, K, Shimoda, S, Miyake, Y, Takaki, A, Yamamoto, K, Hirano, K, Ichida, T, Ido, A, Tsubouchi, H, Chayama, K, Harada, K, Nakanuma, Y, Maehara, Y, Taketomi, A, Shirabe, K, Soejima, Y, Mori, A, Yagi, S, Uemoto, S, H, E, Tanaka, T, Yamashiki, N, Tamura, S, Sugawara, Y, Kokudo, N, Chalasani, N, Luketic, V, Odin, J, Chopra, K, Abecasis, G, Cantor, M, Coppola, G, Economides, A, Lotta, L, Overton, J, Reid, J, Shuldiner, A, Beechert, C, Forsythe, C, Fuller, E, Gu, Z, Lattari, M, Lopez, A, Schleicher, T, Padilla, M, Toledo, K, Widom, L, Wolf, S, Pradhan, M, Manoochehri, K, Ulloa, R, Bai, X, Balasubramanian, S, Barnard, L, Blumenfeld, A, Eom, G, Habegger, L, Hawes, A, Khalid, S, Maxwell, E, Salerno, W, Staples, J, Jones, M, Mitnaul, L, Sturgess, R, Healey, C, Yeoman, A, Gunasekera, A, Kooner, P, Kapur, K, Sathyanarayana, V, Kallis, Y, Subhani, J, Harvey, R, Mccorry, R, Rooney, P, Ramanaden, D, Evans, R, Mathialahan, T, Gasem, J, Shorrock, C, Bhalme, M, Southern, P, Tibble, J, Gorard, D, Jones, S, Srivastava, B, Foxton, M, Collins, C, Elphick, D, Karmo, M, Porras-Perez, F, Mendall, M, Yapp, T, Patel, M, Ede, R, Sayer, J, Jupp, J, Fisher, N, Carter, M, Koss, K, Shah, J, Piotrowicz, A, Scott, G, Grimley, C, Gooding, I, Williams, S, Tidbury, J, Lim, G, Cheent, K, Levi, S, Mansour, D, Beckley, M, Hollywood, C, Wong, T, Marley, R, Ramage, J, Gordon, H, Ridpath, J, Ngatchu, T, Bob Grover, V, Shidrawi, R, Abouda, G, Corless, L, Narain, M, Rees, I, Brown, A, Taylor-Robinson, S, Wilkins, J, Grellier, L, Banim, P, Das, D, Heneghan, M, Curtis, H, Matthews, H, Mohammed, F, Aldersley, M, Srirajaskanthan, R, Walker, G, Mcnair, A, Sharif, A, Sen, S, Bird, G, Prince, M, Prasad, G, Kitchen, P, Barnardo, A, Oza, C, Sivaramakrishnan, N, Gupta, P, Shah, A, Evans, C, Saha, S, Pollock, K, Bramley, P, Mukhopadhya, A, Barclay, S, Mcdonald, N, Bathgate, A, Palmer, K, Dillon, J, Rushbrook, S, Przemioslo, R, Mcdonald, C, Millar, A, Tai, C, Mitchell, S, Metcalf, J, Shaukat, S, Ninkovic, M, Shmueli, U, Davis, A, Naqvi, A, Lee, T, Ryder, S, Collier, J, Klass, H, Cramp, M, Sharer, N, Aspinall, R, Ghosh, D, Douds, A, Booth, J, Williams, E, Hussaini, H, Christie, J, Mann, S, Thorburn, D, Marshall, A, Patanwala, I, Ala, A, Maltby, J, Matthew, R, Corbett, C, Vyas, S, Singhal, S, Gleeson, D, Misra, S, Butterworth, J, George, K, Harding, T, Douglass, A, Mitchison, H, Panter, S, Shearman, J, Bray, G, Roberts, M, Butcher, G, Forton, D, Mahmood, Z, Cowan, M, Ch'Ng, C, Rahman, M, Whatley, G, Wesley, E, Mandal, A, Jain, S, Pereira, S, Wright, M, Trivedi, P, Gordon, F, Unitt, E, Palejwala, A, Austin, A, Vemala, V, Grant, A, Higham, A, Brind, A, Mathew, R, Cox, M, Ramakrishnan, S, King, A, Whalley, S, Fraser, J, Thomson, S, Bell, A, Wong, V, Kia, R, Gee, I, Keld, R, Ransford, R, Gotto, J, Millson, C, Tarocchi, M, Cordell H. J., Fryett J. J., Ueno K., Darlay R., Aiba Y., Hitomi Y., Kawashima M., Nishida N., Khor S. -S., Gervais O., Kawai Y., Nagasaki M., Tokunaga K., Tang R., Shi Y., Li Z., Juran B. D., Atkinson E. J., Gerussi A., Carbone M., Asselta R., Cheung A., de Andrade M., Baras A., Horowitz J., Ferreira M. A. R., Sun D., Jones D. E., Flack S., Spicer A., Mulcahy V. L., Byun J., Han Y., Sandford R. N., Lazaridis K. N., Amos C. I., Hirschfield G. M., Seldin M. F., Invernizzi P., Siminovitch K. A., Ma X., Nakamura M., Mells G. F., Mason A., Vincent C., Xie G., Zhang J., Affronti A., Almasio P. L., Alvaro D., Andreone P., Andriulli A., Azzaroli F., Battezzati P. M., Benedetti A., Bragazzi M. C., Brunetto M., Bruno S., Calvaruso V., Cardinale V., Casella G., Cazzagon N., Ciaccio A., Coco B., Colli A., Colloredo G., Colombo M., Colombo S., Cristoferi L., Cursaro C., Croce L. S., Crosignani A., D'Amato D., Donato F., Elia G., Fabris L., Fagiuoli S., Ferrari C., Floreani A., Galli A., Giannini E., Grattagliano I., Lampertico P., Lleo A., Malinverno F., Mancuso C., Marra F., Marzioni M., Massironi S., Mattalia A., Miele L., Milani C., Morini L., Morisco F., Muratori L., Muratori P., Niro G. A., O'Donnell S., Picciotto A., Portincasa P., Rigamonti C., Ronca V., Rosina F., Spinzi G., Strazzabosco M., Tiribelli C., Toniutto P., Valenti L., Vinci M., Zuin M., Nakamura H., Abiru S., Nagaoka S., Komori A., Yatsuhashi H., Ishibashi H., Ito M., Migita K., Ohira H., Katsushima S., Naganuma A., Sugi K., Komatsu T., Mannami T., Matsushita K., Yoshizawa K., Makita F., Nikami T., Nishimura H., Kouno H., Ota H., Komura T., Nakamura Y., Shimada M., Hirashima N., Komeda T., Ario K., Nakamuta M., Yamashita T., Furuta K., Kikuchi M., Naeshiro N., Takahashi H., Mano Y., Tsunematsu S., Yabuuchi I., Shimada Y., Yamauchi K., Sugimoto R., Sakai H., Mita E., Koda M., Tsuruta S., Kamitsukasa H., Sato T., Masaki N., Kobata T., Fukushima N., Ohara Y., Muro T., Takesaki E., Takaki H., Yamamoto T., Kato M., Nagaoki Y., Hayashi S., Ishida J., Watanabe Y., Kobayashi M., Koga M., Saoshiro T., Yagura M., Hirata K., Tanaka A., Takikawa H., Zeniya M., Abe M., Onji M., Kaneko S., Honda M., Arai K., Arinaga-Hino T., Hashimoto E., Taniai M., Umemura T., Joshita S., Nakao K., Ichikawa T., Shibata H., Yamagiwa S., Seike M., Honda K., Sakisaka S., Takeyama Y., Harada M., Senju M., Yokosuka O., Kanda T., Ueno Y., Kikuchi K., Ebinuma H., Himoto T., Yasunami M., Murata K., Mizokami M., Kawata K., Shimoda S., Miyake Y., Takaki A., Yamamoto K., Hirano K., Ichida T., Ido A., Tsubouchi H., Chayama K., Harada K., Nakanuma Y., Maehara Y., Taketomi A., Shirabe K., Soejima Y., Mori A., Yagi S., Uemoto S., H E., Tanaka T., Yamashiki N., Tamura S., Sugawara Y., Kokudo N., Chalasani N., Luketic V., Odin J., Chopra K., Abecasis G., Cantor M., Coppola G., Economides A., Lotta L. A., Overton J. D., Reid J. G., Shuldiner A., Beechert C., Forsythe C., Fuller E. D., Gu Z., Lattari M., Lopez A., Schleicher T. D., Padilla M. S., Toledo K., Widom L., Wolf S. E., Pradhan M., Manoochehri K., Ulloa R. H., Bai X., Balasubramanian S., Barnard L., Blumenfeld A., Eom G., Habegger L., Hawes A., Khalid S., Maxwell E. K., Salerno W., Staples J. C., Jones M. B., Mitnaul L. J., Sturgess R., Healey C., Yeoman A., Gunasekera A. V. J., Kooner P., Kapur K., Sathyanarayana V., Kallis Y., Subhani J., Harvey R., McCorry R., Rooney P., Ramanaden D., Evans R., Mathialahan T., Gasem J., Shorrock C., Bhalme M., Southern P., Tibble J. A., Gorard D. A., Jones S., Mells G., Mulcahy V., Srivastava B., Foxton M. R., Collins C. E., Elphick D., Karmo M., Porras-Perez F., Mendall M., Yapp T., Patel M., Ede R., Sayer J., Jupp J., Fisher N., Carter M. J., Koss K., Shah J., Piotrowicz A., Scott G., Grimley C., Gooding I. R., Williams S., Tidbury J., Lim G., Cheent K., Levi S., Mansour D., Beckley M., Hollywood C., Wong T., Marley R., Ramage J., Gordon H. M., Ridpath J., Ngatchu T., Bob Grover V. P., Shidrawi R. G., Abouda G., Corless L., Narain M., Rees I., Brown A., Taylor-Robinson S., Wilkins J., Grellier L., Banim P., Das D., Heneghan M. A., Curtis H., Matthews H. C., Mohammed F., Aldersley M., Srirajaskanthan R., Walker G., McNair A., Sharif A., Sen S., Bird G., Prince M. I., Prasad G., Kitchen P., Barnardo A., Oza C., Sivaramakrishnan N. N., Gupta P., Shah A., Evans C. D. J., Saha S., Pollock K., Bramley P., Mukhopadhya A., Barclay S. T., McDonald N., Bathgate A. J., Palmer K., Dillon J. F., Rushbrook S. M., Przemioslo R., McDonald C., Millar A., Tai C., Mitchell S., Metcalf J., Shaukat S., Ninkovic M., Shmueli U., Davis A., Naqvi A., Lee T. J. W., Ryder S., Collier J., Klass H., Cramp M. E., Sharer N., Aspinall R., Ghosh D., Douds A. C., Booth J., Williams E., Hussaini H., Christie J., Mann S., Thorburn D., Marshall A., Patanwala I., Ala A., Maltby J., Matthew R., Corbett C., Vyas S., Singhal S., Gleeson D., Misra S., Butterworth J., George K., Harding T., Douglass A., Mitchison H., Panter S., Shearman J., Bray G., Roberts M., Butcher G., Forton D., Mahmood Z., Cowan M., Ch'ng C. L., Rahman M., Whatley G. C. A., Wesley E., Mandal A., Jain S., Pereira S. P., Wright M., Trivedi P., Gordon F. H., Unitt E., Palejwala A., Austin A., Vemala V., Grant A., Higham A. D., Brind A., Mathew R., Cox M., Ramakrishnan S., King A., Whalley S., Fraser J., Thomson S. J., Bell A., Wong V. S., Kia R., Gee I., Keld R., Ransford R., Gotto J., Millson C., and Tarocchi M.
Abstract: It has come to our attention that the name of one of the authors in our manuscript was incorrectly spelled ‘Jinyoung Byan’; the correct spelling is ‘Jinyoung Byun’ as in the author list above. In addition, the excel files of the supplementary tables were not included during the online publication of our article. These have now been made available online. We apologize for any inconvenience caused.
Published: 2022

7. The application of artificial intelligence in hepatology: A systematic review

Author: Balsano, C, Alisi, A, Brunetto, M, Invernizzi, P, Burra, P, Piscaglia, F, Alvaro, D, Bonino, F, Carbone, M, Faita, F, Gerussi, A, Persico, M, Santini, S, Zanetto, A, Balsano C., Alisi A., Brunetto M. R., Invernizzi P., Burra P., Piscaglia F., Alvaro D., Bonino F., Carbone M., Faita F., Gerussi A., Persico M., Santini S. J., Zanetto A., Balsano, C, Alisi, A, Brunetto, M, Invernizzi, P, Burra, P, Piscaglia, F, Alvaro, D, Bonino, F, Carbone, M, Faita, F, Gerussi, A, Persico, M, Santini, S, Zanetto, A, Balsano C., Alisi A., Brunetto M. R., Invernizzi P., Burra P., Piscaglia F., Alvaro D., Bonino F., Carbone M., Faita F., Gerussi A., Persico M., Santini S. J., and Zanetto A.
Abstract: The integration of human and artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has only recently begun but it has already become obvious that intelligent systems can dramatically improve the management of liver diseases. Big data made it possible to envisage transformative developments of the use of AI for diagnosing, predicting prognosis and treating liver diseases, but there is still a lot of work to do. If we want to achieve the 21st century digital revolution, there is an urgent need for specific national and international rules, and to adhere to bioethical parameters when collecting data. Avoiding misleading results is essential for the effective use of AI. A crucial question is whether it is possible to sustain, technically and morally, the process of integration between man and machine. We present a systematic review on the applications of AI to hepatology, highlighting the current challenges and crucial issues related to the use of such technologies.
Published: 2022

8. Exploring the spectrum of incidental gastric polyps in autoimmune gastritis.

Author: Massironi, Sara, Elvevi, Alessandra, Gallo, Camilla, Laffusa, Alice, Tortorella, Anna, and Invernizzi, Pietro
Abstract: Gastric polyps represent an abnormal proliferation of the gastric mucosa. Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis (CAAG) targets parietal cells and results in hypo-achlorhydria and hypergastrinemia, which exerts a proliferative effect on the gastric mucosa. We investigate the incidence of gastric polyps in CAAG patients. This is a single-center retrospective study examining patients with confirmed CAAG from January 1990 until June 2022. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, and serological data were collected for each included patient. The histopathological characteristics of the detected polyps were recorded. A total of 176 CAAG patients were included. Eighty-nine (50.5%) had 163 incidental polyps. Seventy-six patients (85%) had 130 non-endocrine lesions, among which 118 (90.7%) were inflammatory, 6 (4.6%) adenomatous, and 4 (3%) fundic; 33 patients (37%) had gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (gNENs), and 21 (23.6%) both; one had MALToma and one gastric adenocarcinoma. Higher circulating levels of gastrin and chromogranin A were observed among patients with polyps (median 668 vs 893 pg/ml p = 0.0237, 146 vs 207 ng/ml p = 0.0027, respectively). CAAG implies a high incidence of gNENs and exocrine lesions. Gastrin plays a possible trophic role on the mucosa. Further evidence is needed to validate its predictive role for increased polyp risk in CAAG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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9. Reply to: “A spotlight on natural killer cells in primary biliary cholangitis”

Author: Carbone, M, Ronca, V, Invernizzi, P, Carbone M., Ronca V., Invernizzi P., Carbone, M, Ronca, V, Invernizzi, P, Carbone M., Ronca V., and Invernizzi P.
Published: 2021

10. Real-world experience with obeticholic acid in patients with primary biliary cholangitis

Author: D'Amato, D, De Vincentis, A, Malinverno, F, Vigano, M, Alvaro, D, Pompili, M, Picciotto, A, Palitti, V, Russello, M, Storato, S, Pigozzi, M, Calvaruso, V, De Gasperi, E, Lleo, A, Castellaneta, A, Pellicelli, A, Cazzagon, N, Floreani, A, Muratori, L, Fagiuoli, S, Niro, G, Feletti, V, Cozzolongo, R, Terreni, N, Marzioni, M, Pellicano, R, Pozzoni, P, Baiocchi, L, Chessa, L, Rosina, F, Bertino, G, Vinci, M, Morgando, A, Vanni, E, Scifo, G, Sacco, R, D'Anto, M, Bellia, V, Boldizzoni, R, Casella, S, Omazzi, B, Poggi, G, Cristoferi, L, Gerussi, A, Ronca, V, Venere, R, Ponziani, F, Cannavo, M, Mussetto, A, Fontana, R, Losito, F, Frazzetto, E, Distefano, M, Colapietro, F, Labanca, S, Marconi, G, Grassi, G, Galati, G, O'Donnell, S, Mancuso, C, Mulinacci, G, Palermo, A, Claar, E, Izzi, A, Picardi, A, Invernizzi, P, Carbone, M, Vespasiani-Gentilucci, U, D'Amato D., De Vincentis A., Malinverno F., Vigano M., Alvaro D., Pompili M., Picciotto A., Palitti V. P., Russello M., Storato S., Pigozzi M. G., Calvaruso V., De Gasperi E., Lleo A., Castellaneta A., Pellicelli A., Cazzagon N., Floreani A., Muratori L., Fagiuoli S., Niro G. A., Feletti V., Cozzolongo R., Terreni N., Marzioni M., Pellicano R., Pozzoni P., Baiocchi L., Chessa L., Rosina F., Bertino G., Vinci M., Morgando A., Vanni E., Scifo G., Sacco R., D'Anto M., Bellia V., Boldizzoni R., Casella S., Omazzi B., Poggi G., Cristoferi L., Gerussi A., Ronca V., Venere R., Ponziani F., Cannavo M., Mussetto A., Fontana R., Losito F., Frazzetto E., Distefano M., Colapietro F., Labanca S., Marconi G., Grassi G., Galati G., O'Donnell S. E., Mancuso C., Mulinacci G., Palermo A., Claar E., Izzi A., Picardi A., Invernizzi P., Carbone M., Vespasiani-Gentilucci U., D'Amato, D, De Vincentis, A, Malinverno, F, Vigano, M, Alvaro, D, Pompili, M, Picciotto, A, Palitti, V, Russello, M, Storato, S, Pigozzi, M, Calvaruso, V, De Gasperi, E, Lleo, A, Castellaneta, A, Pellicelli, A, Cazzagon, N, Floreani, A, Muratori, L, Fagiuoli, S, Niro, G, Feletti, V, Cozzolongo, R, Terreni, N, Marzioni, M, Pellicano, R, Pozzoni, P, Baiocchi, L, Chessa, L, Rosina, F, Bertino, G, Vinci, M, Morgando, A, Vanni, E, Scifo, G, Sacco, R, D'Anto, M, Bellia, V, Boldizzoni, R, Casella, S, Omazzi, B, Poggi, G, Cristoferi, L, Gerussi, A, Ronca, V, Venere, R, Ponziani, F, Cannavo, M, Mussetto, A, Fontana, R, Losito, F, Frazzetto, E, Distefano, M, Colapietro, F, Labanca, S, Marconi, G, Grassi, G, Galati, G, O'Donnell, S, Mancuso, C, Mulinacci, G, Palermo, A, Claar, E, Izzi, A, Picardi, A, Invernizzi, P, Carbone, M, Vespasiani-Gentilucci, U, D'Amato D., De Vincentis A., Malinverno F., Vigano M., Alvaro D., Pompili M., Picciotto A., Palitti V. P., Russello M., Storato S., Pigozzi M. G., Calvaruso V., De Gasperi E., Lleo A., Castellaneta A., Pellicelli A., Cazzagon N., Floreani A., Muratori L., Fagiuoli S., Niro G. A., Feletti V., Cozzolongo R., Terreni N., Marzioni M., Pellicano R., Pozzoni P., Baiocchi L., Chessa L., Rosina F., Bertino G., Vinci M., Morgando A., Vanni E., Scifo G., Sacco R., D'Anto M., Bellia V., Boldizzoni R., Casella S., Omazzi B., Poggi G., Cristoferi L., Gerussi A., Ronca V., Venere R., Ponziani F., Cannavo M., Mussetto A., Fontana R., Losito F., Frazzetto E., Distefano M., Colapietro F., Labanca S., Marconi G., Grassi G., Galati G., O'Donnell S. E., Mancuso C., Mulinacci G., Palermo A., Claar E., Izzi A., Picardi A., Invernizzi P., Carbone M., and Vespasiani-Gentilucci U.
Abstract: Background & aims: Obeticholic acid (OCA) is the second-line treatment approved for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and an inadequate response or intolerance to ursodeoxycholic acid. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of OCA under real-world conditions. Methods: Patients were recruited into the Italian PBC Registry, a multicentre, observational cohort study that monitors patients with PBC at national level. The primary endpoint was the biochemical response according to Poise criteria; the secondary endpoint was the biochemical response according to normal range criteria, defined as normal levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at 12 months. Safety and tolerability were also assessed. Results: We analysed 191 patients until at least 12 months of follow-up. Median age was 57 years, 94% female, 61 (32%) had cirrhosis, 28 (15%) had histologically proven overlap with autoimmune hepatitis (PBC-AIH). At 12 months, significant median reductions of ALP (-32.3%), ALT (-31.4%), and bilirubin (-11.2%) were observed. Response rates were 42.9% according to Poise criteria, and 11% by normal range criteria. Patients with cirrhosis had lower response than patients without cirrhosis (29.5% vs. 49.2%, p = 0.01), owing to a higher rate of OCA discontinuation (30% vs. 12%, p = 0.004), although with similar ALP reduction (29.4% vs. 34%, p = 0.53). Overlap PBC-AIH had a similar response to pure PBC (46.4% vs. 42.3%, p = 0.68), with higher ALT reduction at 6 months (-38% vs. -29%, p = 0.04). Thirty-three patients (17%) prematurely discontinued OCA because of adverse events, of whom 11 experienced serious adverse events. Treatment-induced pruritus was the leading cause of OCA discontinuation (67%). Conclusions: Effectiveness and safety of OCA under real-world conditions mirror those in the Poise trial. Patients with cirrhosis had lower tolerability. Overlap PBC-AIH showed higher ALT reduction at 6 months compare
Published: 2021

11. Corrigendum to: “Genome-wide association study of non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis in a histologically characterised cohort”☆ (J Hepatol [2020] 505–515) (Journal of Hepatology (2020) 73(3) (505–515), (S0168827820302130), (10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.003))

Author: Anstee Q. M., Anstee, Q, Darlay, R, Cockell, S, Meroni, M, Govaere, O, Tiniakos, D, Burt, A, Bedossa, P, Palmer, J, Liu, Y, Aithal, G, Allison, M, Yki-Jarvinen, H, Vacca, M, Dufour, J, Invernizzi, P, Prati, D, Ekstedt, M, Kechagias, S, Francque, S, Petta, S, Bugianesi, E, Clement, K, Ratziu, V, Schattenberg, J, Valenti, L, Day, C, Cordell, H, Daly, A, Anstee Q. M., Darlay R., Cockell S., Meroni M., Govaere O., Tiniakos D., Burt A. D., Bedossa P., Palmer J., Liu Y. -L., Aithal G. P., Allison M., Yki-Jarvinen H., Vacca M., Dufour J. -F., Invernizzi P., Prati D., Ekstedt M., Kechagias S., Francque S., Petta S., Bugianesi E., Clement K., Ratziu V., Schattenberg J. M., Valenti L., Day C. P., Cordell H. J., Daly A. K., Anstee Q. M., Anstee, Q, Darlay, R, Cockell, S, Meroni, M, Govaere, O, Tiniakos, D, Burt, A, Bedossa, P, Palmer, J, Liu, Y, Aithal, G, Allison, M, Yki-Jarvinen, H, Vacca, M, Dufour, J, Invernizzi, P, Prati, D, Ekstedt, M, Kechagias, S, Francque, S, Petta, S, Bugianesi, E, Clement, K, Ratziu, V, Schattenberg, J, Valenti, L, Day, C, Cordell, H, Daly, A, Anstee Q. M., Darlay R., Cockell S., Meroni M., Govaere O., Tiniakos D., Burt A. D., Bedossa P., Palmer J., Liu Y. -L., Aithal G. P., Allison M., Yki-Jarvinen H., Vacca M., Dufour J. -F., Invernizzi P., Prati D., Ekstedt M., Kechagias S., Francque S., Petta S., Bugianesi E., Clement K., Ratziu V., Schattenberg J. M., Valenti L., Day C. P., Cordell H. J., and Daly A. K.
Abstract: It has come to our attention that there is a typographical error in Table 5 of our manuscript. In line 6 of column 2, “rs11852624” should read "rs11858624”. We apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Published: 2021

12. Understanding short bowel syndrome: Current status and future perspectives

Author: Massironi, S, Cavalcoli, F, Rausa, E, Invernizzi, P, Braga, M, Vecchi, M, Massironi S., Cavalcoli F., Rausa E., Invernizzi P., Braga M., Vecchi M., Massironi, S, Cavalcoli, F, Rausa, E, Invernizzi, P, Braga, M, Vecchi, M, Massironi S., Cavalcoli F., Rausa E., Invernizzi P., Braga M., and Vecchi M.
Abstract: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare malabsorptive disorder as a result of the loss of bowel mass mostly secondary to surgical resection of the small intestine. Other causes are vascular diseases, neoplasms or inflammatory bowel disease. The spectrum of the disease is widely variable from single micronutrient malabsorption to complete intestinal failure, depending on the remaining length of the small intestine, the anatomical portion of intestine and the function of the remnant bowel. Over the last years, the management of affected patients has remarkably improved with the increase in patients’ quality of life and survival, mainly thanks to advances in home-based parenteral nutrition (PN). In the last ten years new treatment strategies have become available together with increasing experience and the encouraging results with new drugs, such as teduglutide, have added a new dimension to the management of SBS. This review aims to summarize the knowledge available in the current literature on SBS epidemiology, pathophysiology, and its surgical (including intestinal lengthening procedures and intestinal transplantation) and medical management with emphasis on the recent advances. Moreover, this review attempts to provide the new understanding and recent approaches to SBS complications such as sepsis, catheter thrombosis, and intestinal failure-associated liver disease.
Published: 2020

13. Primary biliary cholangitis: a multifaceted pathogenesis with potential therapeutic targets

Author: Carbone, M, Milani, C, Gerussi, A, Ronca, V, Cristoferi, L, Invernizzi, P, Carbone M., Milani C., Gerussi A., Ronca V., Cristoferi L., Invernizzi P., Carbone, M, Milani, C, Gerussi, A, Ronca, V, Cristoferi, L, Invernizzi, P, Carbone M., Milani C., Gerussi A., Ronca V., Cristoferi L., and Invernizzi P.
Published: 2020

14. Reply to: Correspondence on “High rates of 30-day mortality in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19”

Author: Iavarone, M, D'Ambrosio, R, Lampertico, P, Rimondi, A, Soria, A, Bonfanti, P, Triolo, M, Fagiuoli, S, Pugliese, N, Aghemo, A, Del Poggio, P, Perricone, G, Belli, L, Massironi, S, Luca, M, Invernizzi, P, Spinetti, A, Carriero, C, Buscarini, E, Pedaci, M, Vigano, M, Rumi, M, Iavarone M., D'Ambrosio R., Lampertico P., Rimondi A., Soria A., Bonfanti P., Triolo M., Fagiuoli S., Pugliese N., Aghemo A., Del Poggio P., Perricone G., Belli L. S., Massironi S., Luca M., Invernizzi P., Spinetti A., Carriero C., Buscarini E., Pedaci M., Vigano M., Rumi M. G., Iavarone, M, D'Ambrosio, R, Lampertico, P, Rimondi, A, Soria, A, Bonfanti, P, Triolo, M, Fagiuoli, S, Pugliese, N, Aghemo, A, Del Poggio, P, Perricone, G, Belli, L, Massironi, S, Luca, M, Invernizzi, P, Spinetti, A, Carriero, C, Buscarini, E, Pedaci, M, Vigano, M, Rumi, M, Iavarone M., D'Ambrosio R., Lampertico P., Rimondi A., Soria A., Bonfanti P., Triolo M., Fagiuoli S., Pugliese N., Aghemo A., Del Poggio P., Perricone G., Belli L. S., Massironi S., Luca M., Invernizzi P., Spinetti A., Carriero C., Buscarini E., Pedaci M., Vigano M., and Rumi M. G.
Published: 2020

15. Genome-wide association study of non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis in a histologically characterised cohort☆

Author: Anstee, Q, Darlay, R, Cockell, S, Meroni, M, Govaere, O, Tiniakos, D, Burt, A, Bedossa, P, Palmer, J, Liu, Y, Aithal, G, Allison, M, Yki-Jarvinen, H, Vacca, M, Dufour, J, Invernizzi, P, Prati, D, Ekstedt, M, Kechagias, S, Francque, S, Petta, S, Bugianesi, E, Clement, K, Ratziu, V, Schattenberg, J, Valenti, L, Day, C, Cordell, H, Daly, A, Anstee Q. M., Darlay R., Cockell S., Meroni M., Govaere O., Tiniakos D., Burt A. D., Bedossa P., Palmer J., Liu Y. -L., Aithal G. P., Allison M., Yki-Jarvinen H., Vacca M., Dufour J. -F., Invernizzi P., Prati D., Ekstedt M., Kechagias S., Francque S., Petta S., Bugianesi E., Clement K., Ratziu V., Schattenberg J. M., Valenti L., Day C. P., Cordell H. J., Daly A. K., Anstee, Q, Darlay, R, Cockell, S, Meroni, M, Govaere, O, Tiniakos, D, Burt, A, Bedossa, P, Palmer, J, Liu, Y, Aithal, G, Allison, M, Yki-Jarvinen, H, Vacca, M, Dufour, J, Invernizzi, P, Prati, D, Ekstedt, M, Kechagias, S, Francque, S, Petta, S, Bugianesi, E, Clement, K, Ratziu, V, Schattenberg, J, Valenti, L, Day, C, Cordell, H, Daly, A, Anstee Q. M., Darlay R., Cockell S., Meroni M., Govaere O., Tiniakos D., Burt A. D., Bedossa P., Palmer J., Liu Y. -L., Aithal G. P., Allison M., Yki-Jarvinen H., Vacca M., Dufour J. -F., Invernizzi P., Prati D., Ekstedt M., Kechagias S., Francque S., Petta S., Bugianesi E., Clement K., Ratziu V., Schattenberg J. M., Valenti L., Day C. P., Cordell H. J., and Daly A. K.
Abstract: Background & Aims: Genetic factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain incompletely understood. To date, most genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have adopted radiologically assessed hepatic triglyceride content as the reference phenotype and so cannot address steatohepatitis or fibrosis. We describe a GWAS encompassing the full spectrum of histologically characterised NAFLD. Methods: The GWAS involved 1,483 European NAFLD cases and 17,781 genetically matched controls. A replication cohort of 559 NAFLD cases and 945 controls was genotyped to confirm signals showing genome-wide or close to genome-wide significance. Results: Case-control analysis identified signals showing p values ≤5 × 10−8 at 4 locations (chromosome [chr] 2 GCKR/C2ORF16; chr4 HSD17B13; chr19 TM6SF2; chr22 PNPLA3) together with 2 other signals with p <1 × 10−7 (chr1 near LEPR and chr8 near IDO2/TC1). Case-only analysis of quantitative traits showed that the PNPLA3 signal (rs738409) had genome-wide significance for steatosis, fibrosis and NAFLD activity score and a new signal (PYGO1 rs62021874) had close to genome-wide significance for steatosis (p = 8.2 × 10−8). Subgroup case-control analysis for NASH confirmed the PNPLA3 signal. The chr1 LEPR single nucleotide polymorphism also showed genome-wide significance for this phenotype. Considering the subgroup with advanced fibrosis (≥F3), the signals on chr2, chr19 and chr22 maintained their genome-wide significance. Except for GCKR/C2ORF16, the genome-wide significance signals were replicated. Conclusions: This study confirms PNPLA3 as a risk factor for the full histological spectrum of NAFLD at genome-wide significance levels, with important contributions from TM6SF2 and HSD17B13. PYGO1 is a novel steatosis modifier, suggesting that Wnt signalling pathways may be relevant in NAFLD pathogenesis. Lay summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a common disease where excessive fat accumulates in the liver and may r
Published: 2020

16. Management of patients with autoimmune liver disease during COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Lleo, A, Invernizzi, P, Lohse, A, Aghemo, A, Carbone, M, Lleo A., Invernizzi P., Lohse A. W., Aghemo A., Carbone M., Lleo, A, Invernizzi, P, Lohse, A, Aghemo, A, Carbone, M, Lleo A., Invernizzi P., Lohse A. W., Aghemo A., and Carbone M.
Published: 2020

17. Vascular liver diseases: A sex-oriented analysis of the literature.

Author: Zanetto, Alberto, Cossiga, Valentina, Shalaby, Sarah, Guarino, Maria, Invernizzi, Federica, Lapenna, Lucia, Becchetti, Chiara, Morisco, Filomena, Morelli, Maria Cristina, Merli, Manuela, Toniutto, Pierluigi, and Burra, Patrizia
Abstract: Vascular liver diseases are an heterogenous group of diseases that collectively represent an important health issue in the field of liver diseases. This narrative review was elaborated by the Special Interest Group (SIG) "Gender in Hepatology" of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF). We aimed to review the current knowledge regarding the potential role of biological sex in patients with vascular liver diseases such as splanchnic vein thrombosis, hepatic vein thrombosis, porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. As vascular liver diseases commonly affect young individuals, including women in childbearing age, we also included a specific section on the management of pregnancy in these challenging patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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18. Downregulation of hepatic stem cell factor by Vivo-Morpholino treatment inhibits mast cell migration and decreases biliary damage/senescence and liver fibrosis in Mdr2−/− mice

Author: Meadows, V, Kennedy, L, Hargrove, L, Demieville, J, Meng, F, Virani, S, Reinhart, E, Kyritsi, K, Invernizzi, P, Yang, Z, Wu, N, Liangpunsakul, S, Alpini, G, Francis, H, Meadows V., Kennedy L., Hargrove L., Demieville J., Meng F., Virani S., Reinhart E., Kyritsi K., Invernizzi P., Yang Z., Wu N., Liangpunsakul S., Alpini G., Francis H., Meadows, V, Kennedy, L, Hargrove, L, Demieville, J, Meng, F, Virani, S, Reinhart, E, Kyritsi, K, Invernizzi, P, Yang, Z, Wu, N, Liangpunsakul, S, Alpini, G, Francis, H, Meadows V., Kennedy L., Hargrove L., Demieville J., Meng F., Virani S., Reinhart E., Kyritsi K., Invernizzi P., Yang Z., Wu N., Liangpunsakul S., Alpini G., and Francis H.
Abstract: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by increased mast cell (MC) infiltration, biliary damage and hepatic fibrosis. Cholangiocytes secrete stem cell factor (SCF), which is a chemoattractant for c-kit expressed on MCs. We aimed to determine if blocking SCF inhibits MC migration, biliary damage and hepatic fibrosis. Methods: FVB/NJ and Mdr2−/− mice were treated with Mismatch or SCF Vivo-Morpholinos. We measured (i) SCF expression and secretion; (ii) hepatic damage; (iii) MC migration/activation and histamine signaling; (iv) ductular reaction and biliary senescence; and (v) hepatic fibrosis. In human PSC patients, SCF expression and secretion were measured. In vitro, cholangiocytes were evaluated for SCF expression and secretion. Biliary proliferation/senescence was measured in cholangiocytes pretreated with 0.1% BSA or the SCF inhibitor, ISK03. Cultured HSCs were stimulated with cholangiocyte supernatant and activation measured. MC migration was determined with cholangiocytes pretreated with BSA or ISK03 loaded into the bottom of Boyden chambers and MCs into top chamber. Results: Biliary SCF expression and SCF serum levels increase in human PSC. Cholangiocytes, but not hepatocytes, from SCF Mismatch Mdr2−/− mice have increased SCF expression and secretion. Inhibition of SCF in Mdr2−/− mice reduced (i) hepatic damage; (ii) MC migration; (iii) histamine and SCF serum levels; and (iv) ductular reaction/biliary senescence/hepatic fibrosis. In vitro, cholangiocytes express and secrete SCF. Blocking biliary SCF decreased MC migration, biliary proliferation/senescence, and HSC activation. Conclusion: Cholangiocytes secrete increased levels of SCF inducing MC migration, contributing to biliary damage/hepatic fibrosis. Targeting MC infiltration may be an option to ameliorate PSC progression.
Published: 2019

19. Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy and liver transplant-free survival in patients with primary biliary cholangitis

Author: Harms, M, van Buuren, H, Corpechot, C, Thorburn, D, Janssen, H, Lindor, K, Hirschfield, G, Pares, A, Floreani, A, Mayo, M, Invernizzi, P, Battezzati, P, Nevens, F, Ponsioen, C, Mason, A, Kowdley, K, Lammers, W, Hansen, B, van der Meer, A, Harms M. H., van Buuren H. R., Corpechot C., Thorburn D., Janssen H. L. A., Lindor K. D., Hirschfield G. M., Pares A., Floreani A., Mayo M. J., Invernizzi P., Battezzati P. M., Nevens F., Ponsioen C. Y., Mason A. L., Kowdley K. V., Lammers W. J., Hansen B. E., van der Meer A. J., Harms, M, van Buuren, H, Corpechot, C, Thorburn, D, Janssen, H, Lindor, K, Hirschfield, G, Pares, A, Floreani, A, Mayo, M, Invernizzi, P, Battezzati, P, Nevens, F, Ponsioen, C, Mason, A, Kowdley, K, Lammers, W, Hansen, B, van der Meer, A, Harms M. H., van Buuren H. R., Corpechot C., Thorburn D., Janssen H. L. A., Lindor K. D., Hirschfield G. M., Pares A., Floreani A., Mayo M. J., Invernizzi P., Battezzati P. M., Nevens F., Ponsioen C. Y., Mason A. L., Kowdley K. V., Lammers W. J., Hansen B. E., and van der Meer A. J.
Abstract: Background & Aims: The clinical efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) remains subject to debate as definitive randomized controlled trials are lacking. We aimed to determine whether UDCA prolongs liver transplant (LT)-free survival in patients with PBC. Methods: This international cohort study included patients from the Global PBC Study Group database, originating from 8 countries in Europe and North America. Both UDCA-treated and untreated patients were included. LT and death were assessed as a combined endpoint through Cox regression analyses, with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW). Results: In the 3,902 patients included, the mean (SD) age was 54.3 (11.9) years, 3,552 patients (94.0%) were female, 3,529 patients (90.4%) were treated with UDCA and 373 patients (9.6%) were not treated. The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 7.8 (4.1–12.1) years. In total, 721 UDCA-treated patients and 145 untreated patients died or underwent LT. After IPTW, the 10-year cumulative LT-free survival was 79.7% (95% CI 78.1–81.2) among UDCA-treated patients and 60.7% (95% CI 58.2–63.4) among untreated patients (p <0.001). UDCA was associated with a statistically significant reduced risk of LT or death (hazard ratio 0.46, 95% CI 0.40–0.52; p <0.001). The hazard ratio remained statistically significant in all stages of disease. Patients classified as inadequate biochemical responders after 1 year of UDCA had a lower risk of LT or death than patients who were not treated (adjusted hazard ratio 0.56; 95% CI 0.45–0.69; p <0.001). Conclusion: The use of UDCA improves LT-free survival among patients with PBC, regardless of the disease stage and the observed biochemical response. These findings support UDCA as the current universal standard of care in PBC. Lay summary: In this international multicenter study of 3,902 patients with primary biliary cholangitis, we found that treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid is associated
Published: 2019

20. Pinealectomy or light exposure exacerbates biliary damage and liver fibrosis in cholestatic rats through decreased melatonin synthesis

Author: Chen, L, Zhou, T, Wu, N, O'Brien, A, Venter, J, Ceci, L, Kyritsi, K, Onori, P, Gaudio, E, Sybenga, A, Xie, L, Wu, C, Fabris, L, Invernizzi, P, Zawieja, D, Liangpunsakul, S, Meng, F, Francis, H, Alpini, G, Huang, Q, Glaser, S, Chen L., Zhou T., Wu N., O'Brien A., Venter J., Ceci L., Kyritsi K., Onori P., Gaudio E., Sybenga A., Xie L., Wu C., Fabris L., Invernizzi P., Zawieja D., Liangpunsakul S., Meng F., Francis H., Alpini G., Huang Q., Glaser S., Chen, L, Zhou, T, Wu, N, O'Brien, A, Venter, J, Ceci, L, Kyritsi, K, Onori, P, Gaudio, E, Sybenga, A, Xie, L, Wu, C, Fabris, L, Invernizzi, P, Zawieja, D, Liangpunsakul, S, Meng, F, Francis, H, Alpini, G, Huang, Q, Glaser, S, Chen L., Zhou T., Wu N., O'Brien A., Venter J., Ceci L., Kyritsi K., Onori P., Gaudio E., Sybenga A., Xie L., Wu C., Fabris L., Invernizzi P., Zawieja D., Liangpunsakul S., Meng F., Francis H., Alpini G., Huang Q., and Glaser S.
Abstract: Melatonin, a neuroendocrine hormone synthesized by the pineal gland and cholangiocytes, decreases biliary hyperplasia and liver fibrosis during cholestasis-induced biliary injury via melatonin-dependent autocrine signaling through increased biliary arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) expression and melatonin secretion, downregulation of miR-200b and specific circadian clock genes. Melatonin synthesis is decreased by pinealectomy (PINX) or chronic exposure to light. We evaluated the effect of PINX or prolonged light exposure on melatonin-dependent modulation of biliary damage/ductular reaction/liver fibrosis. Studies were performed in male rats with/without BDL for 1 week with 12:12 h dark/light cycles, continuous light or after 1 week of PINX. The expression of AANAT and melatonin levels in serum and cholangiocyte supernatant were increased in BDL rats, while decreased in BDL rats following PINX or continuous light exposure. BDL-induced increase in serum chemistry, ductular reaction, liver fibrosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and ROS generation were significantly enhanced by PINX or light exposure. Concomitant with enhanced liver fibrosis, we observed increased biliary senescence and enhanced clock genes and miR-200b expression in total liver and cholangiocytes. In vitro, the expression of AANAT, clock genes and miR-200b was increased in PSC human cholangiocyte cell lines (hPSCL). The proliferation and activation of HHStecs (human hepatic stellate cell lines) were increased after stimulating with BDL cholangiocyte supernatant and further enhanced when stimulated with BDL rats following PINX or continuous light exposure cholangiocyte supernatant via intracellular ROS generation. Conclusion: Melatonin plays an important role in the protection of liver against cholestasis-induced damage and ductular reaction.
Published: 2019

21. Efficacy of kinesio taping on hand functioning in patients with mild carpal tunnel syndrome. A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Author: de Sire, Alessandro, Curci, Claudio, Ferrara, Milena, Losco, Luigi, Spalek, Renata, Cisari, Carlo, Invernizzi, Marco, and Solaro, Claudio
Subjects: HAND physiology, CARPAL tunnel syndrome treatment, PAIN measurement, TAPING & strapping, FUNCTIONAL status, TREATMENT effectiveness, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, QUESTIONNAIRES, STATISTICAL sampling, PAIN management
Abstract: • Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common mononeuropathy of the hand. • Kinesio Taping (KT) lymphatic correction technique has been considered for CTS. • The study protocol consisted of 2 sessions per week for 5 weeks, including 6 exercises. • Significant differences between KT and sham taping were found at 5 weeks and 6 months. • KT might reduce symptoms and improve function in our sample of patients with mild CTS. Double-blind randomized controlled trial. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common mononeuropathy that causes pain and disability in the affected hand. Kinesio taping (KT) has been recently proposed as a promising conservative approach in CTS patients. To investigate the effectiveness of KT compared to a sham taping on symptoms and hand function in patients affected by mild CTS. Patients affected by mild CTS with symptoms for at least 8 weeks were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups: KT group, according to the technique proposed by Kase plus specific exercises; control group, undergoing a sham taping plus specific exercise. All patients performed 2 sessions/week for 5 weeks of exercises of mobilization of fingers and carpal joint. At the baseline, after 5 weeks (T1), and after 6 months (T2), a physician unaware of patients' allocation assessed the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) symptom (BCTQ-S) and functional (BCTQ-F) subscales. Forty-two patients (mean age:54.3 ± 15.0 y) were randomly allocated into KT (n = 21) and control group (n = 21). At T1, in both groups we found a significant improvement in hand function and symptoms, as showed by BCTQ-F (KT:4.2 ± 0.7 vs 3.0 ± 0.6, P <.001; sham: 2.2 ± 0.3 vs 1.7 ± 0.3, P =.012) and by BCTQ-S (KT: 2.2 ± 0.3 vs 1.7 ± 0.3, P <.001; sham: 2.3 ± 0.4 vs 1.9 ± 0.5, P =.007). At T2, only in the KT group there was a significant difference in both sub-items of primary outcome. There were significantly better results in the KT group at T1 and T2. The present study showed that KT compared to a sham taping might be more effective in reducing perceived symptoms in mild CTS patients, reporting a clinically significant difference. KT might be considered as an effective technique combined to rehabilitative treatment in terms of hand function and symptoms in patients affected by mild CTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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22. Primary biliary cholangitis: perception and expectation of illness.

Author: Floreani, Annarosa, Scaffidi, Michela, Coco, Barbara, Giannini, Edoardo Giovanni, Labanca, Sara, Bonaiuto, Emanuela, De Martin, Sara, Invernizzi, Pietro, Carbone, Marco, Alvaro, Domenico, Bragazzi, Maria Consiglia, Calvaruso, Vincenza, Cossiga, Valentina, and Cazzagon, Nora
Abstract: An important tool to explore personal experience of symptoms, treatment and clinical outcome is stratification of illness perception in patients affected by PBC. To assess the perception of illness in a cohort of Italian patients with PBC. Between June and December 2019, a specific questionnaire was administered to a pool of 210 patients from 7 tertiary Italian centers, in order to identify and assess the patient's past history, symptoms and their impact on the quality of life, follow-up, treatment and perceived satisfaction of patients toward the provided care. Fatigue, pruritus, and abdominal discomfort and sicca syndrome were present in 50.4%, 45%, 30.4% and 28.5% of patients, fatigue having the most impacting the daily-life. After a consultation with a specialist, the diagnosis of PBC was met within 18 months for 143 patients. Patients were mostly concerned about possible health problems that occur and in 25% of cases, symptoms had a negative impact on their life. Eighty percent of patients said they were satisfied with efficacy and tolerability of treatment, while 26% requested an improvement in the relationship with the specialist. The results highlight the importance of both promoting timely referral to the specialist and facilitating communication between healthcare professionals and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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23. Quality of life in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: a cross-geographical comparison

Author: Montali, L, Gragnano, A, Miglioretti, M, Frigerio, A, Vecchio, L, Gerussi, A, Cristoferi, L, Ronca, V, D’Amato, D, O’Donnell, S, Mancuso, C, Lucà, M, Yagi, M, Reig, A, Jopson, L, Pilar, S, Jones, D, Pares, A, Mells, G, Tanaka, A, Carbone, M, Invernizzi, P, Montali, Lorenzo, Gragnano, Andrea, Miglioretti, Massimo, Frigerio, Alessandra, Vecchio, Luca, Gerussi, Alessio, Cristoferi, Laura, Ronca, Vincenzo, D’Amato, Daphne, O’Donnell, Sarah Elizabeth, Mancuso, Clara, Lucà, Martina, Yagi, Minami, Reig, Anna, Jopson, Laura, Pilar, Sesé, Jones, Dave, Pares, Albert, Mells, George, Tanaka, Atsushi, Carbone, Marco, Invernizzi, Pietro, Montali, L, Gragnano, A, Miglioretti, M, Frigerio, A, Vecchio, L, Gerussi, A, Cristoferi, L, Ronca, V, D’Amato, D, O’Donnell, S, Mancuso, C, Lucà, M, Yagi, M, Reig, A, Jopson, L, Pilar, S, Jones, D, Pares, A, Mells, G, Tanaka, A, Carbone, M, Invernizzi, P, Montali, Lorenzo, Gragnano, Andrea, Miglioretti, Massimo, Frigerio, Alessandra, Vecchio, Luca, Gerussi, Alessio, Cristoferi, Laura, Ronca, Vincenzo, D’Amato, Daphne, O’Donnell, Sarah Elizabeth, Mancuso, Clara, Lucà, Martina, Yagi, Minami, Reig, Anna, Jopson, Laura, Pilar, Sesé, Jones, Dave, Pares, Albert, Mells, George, Tanaka, Atsushi, Carbone, Marco, and Invernizzi, Pietro
Abstract: Background & aims: Several symptoms impair the quality of life (QoL) of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). They are reported to vary significantly in different countries. Aim of our study was to explore whether there is a geographical clustering that accounts for symptoms in PBC. Methods: Data was analysed from four cohorts of PBC patients from the UK, Spain, Japan and Italy using the PBC-27 scale. Results: Overall, 569 patients from four cohorts were identified, including 515 females (90.5%) with a mean age of 61 years. The analysis provided evidence for strict factorial invariance of the scale, a robust indicator of its validity for cross-cultural research. The mean of the fatigue domain of British patients was significantly greater than that of the Japanese (p < 0.05), Italian (p < 0.05), and Spanish patients (p < 0.001). The mean of the cognitive domain after 54 years of age, was significantly greater in the British patients than in the Japanese (p < 0.05) and Spanish patients (p < 0.01). However, after 69 years of age, there were not significant differences between countries. The mean of the emotion domain after 54 years of age, was greater in the British that in the Spanish (p < 0.01) and Italian patients (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Differences in the four countries concerning fatigue, cognitive and emotional dysfunction were found. The association of latitude and symptoms might provide new insights into the role of sun exposure, genetics and/or cultural component into disease phenotype in PBC.
Published: 2021

24. Clinical features and comorbidity pattern of HCV infected migrants compared to native patients in care in Italy: A real-life evaluation of the PITER cohort

Author: Quaranta, M. G., Ferrigno, L., Tata, X., D'Angelo, Francesca Bice, Massari, Massimo, Coppola, C., Biliotti, E., Giorgini, A., Laccabue, D., Ciancio, A., Blanc, P. L., Margotti, M., Ieluzzi, D., Brunetto, M. R., Barbaro, Federico, Russo, F. P., Beretta, I., Morsica, G., Verucchi, G., Saracino, A., Galli, M., Kondili, L. A., Mazzaro, C., Bertola, M., Benedetti, A., Schiada, L., Cucco, Marco, Giacometti, A., Brescini, L., Castelletti, S., Fiorentini, A., Angarano, G., Milella, M., Leo, A. D., Rendina, Marco, Salvatore D'ABRAMO, F., Lillo, C., Iannone, A., Piazzolla, M., Badia, L., Piscaglia, F., Benevento, F., Serio, I., Castelli, F., Zaltron, S., Spinetti, A., Odolini, S., Bruno, Rosa Anna, Mondelli, M., Chessa, L., Loi, M., Torti, Carlo, Costa, C., Mazzitelli, M., Pisani, V., Scaglione, V., Trecarichi, Enrico Maria, Zignego, A. L., Monti, M., Madia, Francesca, Attala, L., Pierotti, P., Salomoni, E., Mariabelli, E., Santantonio, T. A., Bruno, S. R., Cela, E. M., Bassetti, M., Mazzarello, G., Alessandrini, A. I., Biagio, A. D., Nicolini, L. A., Raimondo, G., Filomia, R., Aghemo, A., Meli, R., Lazzarin, A., Salpietro, S., Fracanzani, A. L., Fatta, E., Lombardi, Roberto, Lampertico, P., Borghi, Margherita, D'Ambrosio, Roberto, Degasperi, E., Puoti, M., Baiguera, C., D'Amico, F., Vinci, Maria Rosaria, Rumi, M. G., Zuin, M., Zermiani, P., Andreone, P., Caraceni, P., Guarneri, V., Villa, E., Bernabucci, V., Bristot, Luca, Paradiso, M. L., Migliorino, G., Gambaro, A., Lapadula, G., Spolti, A., Soria, A., Invernizzi, P., Ciaccio, A., Luca, M., Malinverno, F., Ratti, L., Amoruso, D. C., Pisano, Francesco, Scarano, F., Staiano, L., Morisco, F., Cossiga, V., Gentile, I., Buonomo, A. R., Foggia, M., Zappulo, E., Federico, A., Dallio, M., Coppola, N., Sagnelli, C., Martini, Simone, Monari, C., Nardone, G., Sgamato, C., Chemello, L., Cavalletto, L., Sterrantino, D., Zanetto, A., Zanaga, P., Brancaccio, G., Craxi, A., Petta, S., Calvaruso, V., Crapanzano, L., Madonia, S., Cannizzaro, Maria Chiara, Bruno, E. M., Licata, Maria Angela Vittoria Anna Chiara, Amodeo, Silvia, Capitano, A. R., Ferrari, C., Negri, Erica, Orlandini, A., Pesci, M., Gulminetti, R., Pagnucco, L., Parruti, G., Stefano, P. D., Coco, B., Corsini, R., Garlassi, E., Andreoni, M., Teti, E., Cerva, C., Baiocchi, Luca, Grassi, G., Gasbarrini, Antonio, Pompili, Maurizio, Siena, M. D., Taliani, G., Spaziante, M., Persico, M., Masarone, M., Aglitti, A., Calvanese, G., Anselmo, M., Leo, P. D., Marturano, Monia, Saracco, G. M., D'Angelo F., Massari M. (ORCID:0000-0001-7048-6374), Barbaro F., Cucco M., Rendina M., Bruno R., Torti C., Trecarichi E. M., Madia F., Lombardi R., Borghi M., D'ambrosio R., Vinci M., Bristot L., Pisano F., Martini S., Cannizzaro M., Licata A., Amodeo S., Negri E., Baiocchi L., Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Pompili M. (ORCID:0000-0001-6699-7980), Marturano M., Quaranta, M. G., Ferrigno, L., Tata, X., D'Angelo, Francesca Bice, Massari, Massimo, Coppola, C., Biliotti, E., Giorgini, A., Laccabue, D., Ciancio, A., Blanc, P. L., Margotti, M., Ieluzzi, D., Brunetto, M. R., Barbaro, Federico, Russo, F. P., Beretta, I., Morsica, G., Verucchi, G., Saracino, A., Galli, M., Kondili, L. A., Mazzaro, C., Bertola, M., Benedetti, A., Schiada, L., Cucco, Marco, Giacometti, A., Brescini, L., Castelletti, S., Fiorentini, A., Angarano, G., Milella, M., Leo, A. D., Rendina, Marco, Salvatore D'ABRAMO, F., Lillo, C., Iannone, A., Piazzolla, M., Badia, L., Piscaglia, F., Benevento, F., Serio, I., Castelli, F., Zaltron, S., Spinetti, A., Odolini, S., Bruno, Rosa Anna, Mondelli, M., Chessa, L., Loi, M., Torti, Carlo, Costa, C., Mazzitelli, M., Pisani, V., Scaglione, V., Trecarichi, Enrico Maria, Zignego, A. L., Monti, M., Madia, Francesca, Attala, L., Pierotti, P., Salomoni, E., Mariabelli, E., Santantonio, T. A., Bruno, S. R., Cela, E. M., Bassetti, M., Mazzarello, G., Alessandrini, A. I., Biagio, A. D., Nicolini, L. A., Raimondo, G., Filomia, R., Aghemo, A., Meli, R., Lazzarin, A., Salpietro, S., Fracanzani, A. L., Fatta, E., Lombardi, Roberto, Lampertico, P., Borghi, Margherita, D'Ambrosio, Roberto, Degasperi, E., Puoti, M., Baiguera, C., D'Amico, F., Vinci, Maria Rosaria, Rumi, M. G., Zuin, M., Zermiani, P., Andreone, P., Caraceni, P., Guarneri, V., Villa, E., Bernabucci, V., Bristot, Luca, Paradiso, M. L., Migliorino, G., Gambaro, A., Lapadula, G., Spolti, A., Soria, A., Invernizzi, P., Ciaccio, A., Luca, M., Malinverno, F., Ratti, L., Amoruso, D. C., Pisano, Francesco, Scarano, F., Staiano, L., Morisco, F., Cossiga, V., Gentile, I., Buonomo, A. R., Foggia, M., Zappulo, E., Federico, A., Dallio, M., Coppola, N., Sagnelli, C., Martini, Simone, Monari, C., Nardone, G., Sgamato, C., Chemello, L., Cavalletto, L., Sterrantino, D., Zanetto, A., Zanaga, P., Brancaccio, G., Craxi, A., Petta, S., Calvaruso, V., Crapanzano, L., Madonia, S., Cannizzaro, Maria Chiara, Bruno, E. M., Licata, Maria Angela Vittoria Anna Chiara, Amodeo, Silvia, Capitano, A. R., Ferrari, C., Negri, Erica, Orlandini, A., Pesci, M., Gulminetti, R., Pagnucco, L., Parruti, G., Stefano, P. D., Coco, B., Corsini, R., Garlassi, E., Andreoni, M., Teti, E., Cerva, C., Baiocchi, Luca, Grassi, G., Gasbarrini, Antonio, Pompili, Maurizio, Siena, M. D., Taliani, G., Spaziante, M., Persico, M., Masarone, M., Aglitti, A., Calvanese, G., Anselmo, M., Leo, P. D., Marturano, Monia, Saracco, G. M., D'Angelo F., Massari M. (ORCID:0000-0001-7048-6374), Barbaro F., Cucco M., Rendina M., Bruno R., Torti C., Trecarichi E. M., Madia F., Lombardi R., Borghi M., D'ambrosio R., Vinci M., Bristot L., Pisano F., Martini S., Cannizzaro M., Licata A., Amodeo S., Negri E., Baiocchi L., Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Pompili M. (ORCID:0000-0001-6699-7980), and Marturano M.
Abstract: Background: Direct-acting antivirals are highly effective for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, regardless race/ethnicity. We aimed to evaluate demographic, virological and clinical data of HCV-infected migrants vs. natives consecutively enrolled in the PITER cohort. Methods: Migrants were defined by country of birth and nationality that was different from Italy. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were used. Results: Of 10,669 enrolled patients, 301 (2.8%) were migrants: median age 47 vs. 62 years, (p < 0.001), females 56.5% vs. 45.3%, (p < 0.001), HBsAg positivity 3.8% vs. 1.4%, (p < 0.05). Genotype 1b was prevalent in both groups, whereas genotype 4 was more prevalent in migrants (p < 0.05). Liver disease severity and sustained virologic response (SVR) were similar. A higher prevalence of comorbidities was reported for natives compared to migrants (p < 0.05). Liver disease progression cofactors (HBsAg, HIV coinfection, alcohol abuse, potential metabolic syndrome) were present in 39.1% and 47.1% (p > 0.05) of migrants and natives who eradicated HCV, respectively. Conclusion: Compared to natives, HCV-infected migrants in care have different demographics, HCV genotypes, viral coinfections and comorbidities and similar disease severity, SVR and cofactors for disease progression after HCV eradication. A periodic clinical assessment after HCV eradication in Italians and migrants with cofactors for disease progression is warranted.
Published: 2021

25. Sarcopenia in chronic advanced liver diseases: A sex-oriented analysis of the literature.

Author: Guarino, Maria, Cossiga, Valentina, Becchetti, Chiara, Invernizzi, Federica, Lapenna, Lucia, Lavezzo, Bruna, Lenci, Ilaria, Merli, Manuela, Pasulo, Luisa, Zanetto, Alberto, Burra, Patrizia, and Morisco, Filomena
Abstract: Sarcopenia, defined as progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and strength, is common in chronic liver disease. It significantly impacts the quality of life and increases the risk of liver-related complications and mortality in cirrhotic patients. Moreover, recent studies showed a negative impact of sarcopenia on patients awaiting liver transplantation (LT), on post-LT outcomes, and on response to hepatocellular carcinoma therapies. Data about the influence of sex on the incidence, prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia in chronic liver diseases are poor and conflicting. The aims of this review of the literature are to define sex differences in sarcopenic cirrhotic patients and to highlight the necessity of a sex stratified analysis in future studies. This analysis of the literature showed that most of the studies are retrospective, with a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in males, probably due to anatomical differences between the sexes. Moreover, diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia are different between studies, as there is not a defined cut-off and, as a consequence, no comparable results. In conclusion, sex seems to have an impact on sarcopenia, and future studies must accurately investigate its role in identifying and treating high-risk patients, reducing the negative impact of sarcopenia on the survival and quality of life of cirrhotic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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26. High rates of 30-day mortality in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19

Author: Iavarone, M, D'Ambrosio, R, Soria, A, Triolo, M, Pugliese, N, Del Poggio, P, Perricone, G, Massironi, S, Spinetti, A, Buscarini, E, Viganò, M, Carriero, C, Fagiuoli, S, Aghemo, A, Belli, L, Lucà, M, Pedaci, M, Rimondi, A, Rumi, M, Invernizzi, P, Bonfanti, P, Lampertico, P, Iavarone, Massimo, D'Ambrosio, Roberta, Soria, Alessandro, Triolo, Michela, Pugliese, Nicola, Del Poggio, Paolo, Perricone, Giovanni, Massironi, Sara, Spinetti, Angiola, Buscarini, Elisabetta, Viganò, Mauro, Carriero, Canio, Fagiuoli, Stefano, Aghemo, Alessio, Belli, Luca S, Lucà, Martina, Pedaci, Marianna, Rimondi, Alessandro, Rumi, Maria Grazia, Invernizzi, Pietro, Bonfanti, Paolo, Lampertico, Pietro, Iavarone, M, D'Ambrosio, R, Soria, A, Triolo, M, Pugliese, N, Del Poggio, P, Perricone, G, Massironi, S, Spinetti, A, Buscarini, E, Viganò, M, Carriero, C, Fagiuoli, S, Aghemo, A, Belli, L, Lucà, M, Pedaci, M, Rimondi, A, Rumi, M, Invernizzi, P, Bonfanti, P, Lampertico, P, Iavarone, Massimo, D'Ambrosio, Roberta, Soria, Alessandro, Triolo, Michela, Pugliese, Nicola, Del Poggio, Paolo, Perricone, Giovanni, Massironi, Sara, Spinetti, Angiola, Buscarini, Elisabetta, Viganò, Mauro, Carriero, Canio, Fagiuoli, Stefano, Aghemo, Alessio, Belli, Luca S, Lucà, Martina, Pedaci, Marianna, Rimondi, Alessandro, Rumi, Maria Grazia, Invernizzi, Pietro, Bonfanti, Paolo, and Lampertico, Pietro
Abstract: Background & Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a major health threat to healthy individuals and those with comorbidities, but its impact on patients with cirrhosis is currently unknown. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the clinical outcome of patients with cirrhosis. Methods: In this multicentre retrospective study, patients with cirrhosis and a confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were enrolled between 1st and 31th March 2020. Clinical and biochemical data at diagnosis of COVID-19 and at the last outpatient visit were obtained through review of medical records. Results: Fifty patients with cirrhosis and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled (age 67 years, 70% men, 38% virus-related, 52% previously compensated cirrhosis). At diagnosis, 64% of patients presented fever, 42% shortness of breath/polypnea, 22% encephalopathy, 96% needed hospitalization or a prolonged stay if already in hospital. Respiratory support was necessary in 71%, 52% received antivirals, 80% heparin. Serum albumin significantly decreased, while bilirubin, creatinine and prothrombin time significantly increased at COVID-19 diagnosis compared to last available data. The proportion of patients with a model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score ≥15 increased from 13% to 26% (p = 0.037), acute-on-chronic liver failure and de novo acute liver injury occurred in 14 (28%) and 10 patients, respectively. Seventeen patients died after a median of 10 (4–13) days from COVID-19 diagnosis, with a 30-day-mortality rate of 34%. The severity of lung and liver (according to CLIF-C, CLIF-OF and MELD scores) diseases independently predicted mortality. In patients with cirrhosis, mortality was significantly higher in those with COVID-19 than in those hospitalized for bacterial infections. Conclusion: COVID-19 is associated with liver function deterioration and elevated mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Lay summary: Coronavirus
Published: 2020

27. Safe pregnancy after liver transplantation: Evidence from a multicenter Italian collaborative study.

Author: Sciarrone, Salvatore Stefano, Ferrarese, Alberto, Bizzaro, Debora, Volpato, Sofia, Donato, Francesca Maria, Invernizzi, Federica, Trespidi, Laura, Ramezzana, Ilaria Giuditta, Avolio, Alfonso Wolfango, Nure, Erida, Pascale, Marco Maria, Fagiuoli, Stefano, Pasulo, Luisa, Merli, Manuela, Lapenna, Lucia, Toniutto, Pierluigi, Lenci, Ilaria, Di Donato, Roberto, De Maria, Nicola, and Villa, Erica
Abstract: Women who have undergone liver transplantation (LT) enjoy better health, and possibility of childbearing. However, maternal and graft risks, optimal immunosuppression, and fetal outcome is still to clarify. Aim of the study was to assess outcomes of pregnancy after LT at national level. In 2019, under the auspices of the Permanent Transplant Committee of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, a multicenter survey including 14 Italian LT-centers was conducted aiming at evaluating the outcomes of recipients and newborns, and graft injury/function parameters during pregnancy in LT-recipients. Sixty-two pregnancies occurred in 60 LT-recipients between 1990 and 2018. Median age at the time of pregnancy was 31-years and median time from transplantation to conception was 8-years. During pregnancy, 4 recipients experienced maternal complications with hospital admission. Live-birth-rate was 100%. Prematurity occurred in 25/62 newborns, and 8/62 newborns had low-birth-weight. Cyclosporine was used in 16 and Tacrolimus in 37 pregnancies, with no different maternal or newborn outcomes. Low-birth-weight was correlated to high values of AST, ALT and GGT. Pregnancy after LT has good outcome; however, maternal complications and prematurity may occur. Compliance with the immunosuppression is fundamental to ensure the stability of graft function and prevent graft-deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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28. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in patients affected by COVID-19.

Author: Soldavini, Chiara Maria, Di Martino, Daniela, Sabattini, Elisa, Ornaghi, Sara, Sterpi, Vittoria, Erra, Roberta, Invernizzi, Francesca, Tine', Gabriele, Giardini, Valentina, Vergani, Patrizia, Ossola, Manuela Wally, and Ferrazzi, Enrico
Abstract: Objectives: To analyze soluble Fms-like tyrosine Kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) ratio concentrations in COVID-19 pregnant patients with and without Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP), compared with non COVID-19 pregnant patients with HDP and a control group.Study Design: We recruited and obtained a complete follow-up of 19 COVID-19 pregnant patients with HDP and of 24 COVID-19 normotensive pregnant patients. Demographic, clinical and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio findings were compared with a group of 185 non COVID-19 pregnant patients with HDP and 41 non COVID normotensive patients. Findings were based on univariate analysis and on a multivariate adjusted model, and a case by case analysis of COVID-19 pregnant patients with an abnormal sFlt-1/PlGF ratio > 38 at recruitment.Main Outcome Measures: sFlt-1/PlGF ratio.Results: We confirmed a significant higher prevalence of HDP in women affected by COVID-19 compared to control population. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was found high in HDP patients, with and without of Sars-Cov2 infection. COVID-19 patients with worse evolution of the disease showed greater rates of obesity and other comorbidities. sFlt/PlGF ratio proved not to be helpful in the differential diagnosis of the severity of this infection.Conclusions: COVID-19 pregnant patients showed a higher prevalence of HDP compared to non COVID-19 controls, as well as higher comorbidity rates. In spite of the possible common endothelial target and damage, between Sars-Cov-2 infection and HDP, the sFlt1/PlGF ratio did not correlate with the severity of this syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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29. The application of artificial intelligence in hepatology: A systematic review.

Author: Balsano, Clara, Alisi, Anna, Brunetto, Maurizia R., Invernizzi, Pietro, Burra, Patrizia, and Piscaglia, Fabio
Abstract: The integration of human and artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has only recently begun but it has already become obvious that intelligent systems can dramatically improve the management of liver diseases. Big data made it possible to envisage transformative developments of the use of AI for diagnosing, predicting prognosis and treating liver diseases, but there is still a lot of work to do. If we want to achieve the 21st century digital revolution, there is an urgent need for specific national and international rules, and to adhere to bioethical parameters when collecting data. Avoiding misleading results is essential for the effective use of AI. A crucial question is whether it is possible to sustain, technically and morally, the process of integration between man and machine. We present a systematic review on the applications of AI to hepatology, highlighting the current challenges and crucial issues related to the use of such technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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30. The changing face of chronic autoimmune atrophic gastritis: an updated comprehensive perspective

Author: Massironi, S, Zilli, A, Elvevi, A, Invernizzi, P, Massironi, S, Zilli, A, Elvevi, A, and Invernizzi, P
Abstract: Chronic autoimmune atrophic gastritis (CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, which affects the corpus–fundus gastric mucosa. Although it has been described for several years, the real pathophysiological mechanisms, the natural history and the possible neoplastic complications are not completely known. Atrophy of the gastric mucosa is the endpoint of the chronic processes, with the loss of glandular cells and their replacement by intestinal-type epithelium, pyloric-type glands, and fibrous tissue. As a consequence, hydrochloric acid, pepsin and intrinsic-factor is impaired resulting in pernicious anemia. The exact causal agent is not yet known, but both genetic and environmental factors seem to play a decisive role. Moreover, the clinical onset may assume different characteristics; differently from what previously observed, recent evidence has reported the onset of CAAG at a younger age, frequently with iron deficiency anemia or upper gastro-intestinal symptoms. The diagnosis of CAAG might be challenging and usually requires the combination of clinical, serological and histopathologic data; moreover, CAAG patients are often misdiagnosed as refractory to HP eradication therapy, probably because achlorhydria might allow urease-positive bacteria other than H pylori to colonize the stomach, causing positive 13C-urea breath test results. However, biopsy is the most reliable method to evaluate the presence of metaplastic atrophic gastritis. In order to assess the severity of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, OLGA and OLGIM staging systems have been proposed and seem to correlate with the risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma. Indeed, CAAG represents a pre-neoplastic condition, as patients with CAAG are very likely to develop either type-1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors and gastric adenocarcinomas, as well as several other neoplastic diseases. To date, the need, the intervals and cost-effectiveness of endoscopic/histological surveillance for patients wi
Published: 2019

31. Cost of illness of Primary Biliary Cholangitis - a population-based study.

Author: Gerussi, Alessio, Restelli, Umberto, Croce, Davide, Bonfanti, Marzia, Invernizzi, Pietro, and Carbone, Marco
Abstract: The economic burden of Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) has not been investigated at population-level. Aim of this study was to estimate the cost of illness of PBC in Lombardy, Italy. Individuals with PBC were identified through ICD-9-CM code 571.6 and/or medical exemption code 008.571.6, from the Banca Dati Assistito of Lombardy. Only health services (outpatient, inpatient activities and drugs) related to PBC were considered to estimate direct medical costs in 2017. We identified 970 adult patients (83.5% females) with a mean age of 61 years. Global annual costs were equal to € 913,763 (€ 942 per patient), with € 459,506 (50.3%, € 474 per patient) deriving from hospitalizations (mostly due to liver transplantation, 30.5%, and cirrhosis complications, 20.6%). Costs from outpatient activities were € 109,090 (11.9%, € 112 per patient). This study provides an overview of the costs attributed to PBC care and management, mainly related to hospitalizations for cirrhosis complications, which is necessary for assuring cost-effective introduction of novel therapies. Additional studies focused on indirect cost, e.g. overall loss of productivity, are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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32. Mo1808 PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS AS RISK FACTOR FOR MORTALITY AND HOSPITALIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A PROPENSITY MATCHED COHORT STUDY.

Author: D'Amico, Ferdinando, Allocca, Mariangela, Parigi, Tommaso Lorenzo, Rusconi, Francesca, Hernandez, Gema, Hilara, Alba Segovia, Zilli, Alessandra, Federica, Furfaro, Fiorino, Gionata, Invernizzi, Pietro, Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent, and Danese, Silvio
Published: 2024
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33. OC.15.3: INCIDENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDOSCOPIC GASTRIC POLYPS IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE ATROPHIC GASTRITIS: A MULTICENTRIC RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.

Author: Massironi, S., Gallo, C., Lahner, E., Sciola, V., Cavalcoli, F., Lenti, M.V., Miceli, E., Zilli, A., Dottori, L., De Rossi, G., Annibale, B., Vecchi, M., Cantù, P., Di Sabatino, A., Invernizzi, P., and Danese, S.
Published: 2024
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34. OC.01.8: ASSESSING THE FREQUENCY OF TYPE I GASTRIC NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS IN AUTOIMMUNE ATROPHIC GASTRITIS: A MULTI-CENTER STUDY IN ITALY.

Author: Massironi, S., Gallo, C., Lahner, E., Sciola, V., Cavalcoli, F., Lenti, M.V., Miceli, E., Zilli, A., Dottori, L., De Rossi, G., Annibale, B., Vecchi, M., Cantù, P., Di Sabatino, A., Invernizzi, P., and Danese, S.
Published: 2024
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35. BOC.03.2: ULTRASOUND MUSCLE ASSESSMENT FOR SARCOPENIA SCREENING IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY (SARCUS-IBD).

Author: Mulinacci, G., Pirola, L., Gandola, D., Ippolito, D., Viganò, C., Laffusa, A., Gallo, C., Invernizzi, P., Danese, S., and Massironi, S.
Published: 2024
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36. Clinical and prognostic implications of acute onset of Autoimmune Hepatitis: An Italian multicentre study

Author: Muratori, P, Carbone, M, Stangos, G, Perini, L, Lalanne, C, Ronca, V, Cazzagon, N, Bianchi, G, Lenzi, M, Floreani, A, Invernizzi, P, Muratori, L, Muratori, Paolo, Carbone, Marco, Stangos, Giorgia, Perini, Lisa, Lalanne, Claudine, Ronca, Vincenzo, Cazzagon, Nora, Bianchi, Giampaolo, Lenzi, Marco, Floreani, Annarosa, Invernizzi, Pietro, Muratori, Luigi, Muratori, P, Carbone, M, Stangos, G, Perini, L, Lalanne, C, Ronca, V, Cazzagon, N, Bianchi, G, Lenzi, M, Floreani, A, Invernizzi, P, Muratori, L, Muratori, Paolo, Carbone, Marco, Stangos, Giorgia, Perini, Lisa, Lalanne, Claudine, Ronca, Vincenzo, Cazzagon, Nora, Bianchi, Giampaolo, Lenzi, Marco, Floreani, Annarosa, Invernizzi, Pietro, and Muratori, Luigi
Abstract: Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) can present under clinical profile as acute hepatitis of unexplained cause. We analyzed clinical, therapeutical and prognostic implications of AIH presenting as acute hepatitis in a cohort of patients admitted to 3 referral Centres in Italy. AIH onset was considered acute when transaminases were higher than 10 times the normal limit and/or bilirubin higher than 5 mg/ml (irrespectively from the histology, available only in 62% of cases). Among 479 patients diagnosed as AIH, 202 (43%) met the criteria of acute onset. This former group of patients on the basis of the histology has been subdivided in the “genuine” acute onset (83 pts) and acute “on chronic” onset (45 pts) At onset, clinical acute AIH showed significantly higher ALT, bilirubin and INR levels (p < 0.001 for all), lower albumin values (p = 0.001), similar IgG levels; Response to treatment was similar between the two groups. The progression to liver cirrhosis or its complications was significantly less frequent in acute onset AIH (13% vs. 22%, p = 0.02). The “genuine” acute patients showed a higher albumin serum levels (40 vs. 36, p = 0.001), lower INR levels (1.12 vs. 1.26, p = 0.002) and less tendency to the progression of liver disease (7% vs. 12%, p = NS) with respect to acute “on chronic” onset patients. Clinical acute hepatitis represents a common presentation of AIH, responds to standard immunosuppression regimen and would seem to be correlated with a better long-term prognosis.
Published: 2018

37. The overlap syndrome between primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis

Author: Floreani, A, Motta, R, Cazzagon, N, Franceschet, I, Roncalli, M, Del Ross, T, Rosina, F, Lleo, A, Mescoli, C, Colloredo, G, Invernizzi, P, Invernizzi, P., Floreani, A, Motta, R, Cazzagon, N, Franceschet, I, Roncalli, M, Del Ross, T, Rosina, F, Lleo, A, Mescoli, C, Colloredo, G, Invernizzi, P, and Invernizzi, P.
Abstract: Background: The overlap syndrome between primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis is an extremely rare condition that has been reported in only six published cases so far. Methods: Here we report two cases showing the clinical manifestations of both primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Results: In one case the overlap condition was associated with psoriatric arthritis, and the patient successfully underwent dual treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid and the anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha agent adalimumab. In the second case, the predominant condition was, initially, an antimitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cirrhosis with progressive course towards end-stage liver disease; the patient then developed either antimitochondrial antibody positivity or changes in the biliary tree compatible with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Conclusions: These two cases add information on a controversial issue in the literature, and indicate the importance of recognizing a possible overlap syndrome to optimize treatment.
Published: 2015

38. Understanding short bowel syndrome: Current status and future perspectives.

Author: Massironi, Sara, Cavalcoli, Federica, Rausa, Emanuele, Invernizzi, Pietro, Braga, Marco, and Vecchi, Maurizio
Abstract: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare malabsorptive disorder as a result of the loss of bowel mass mostly secondary to surgical resection of the small intestine. Other causes are vascular diseases, neoplasms or inflammatory bowel disease. The spectrum of the disease is widely variable from single micronutrient malabsorption to complete intestinal failure, depending on the remaining length of the small intestine, the anatomical portion of intestine and the function of the remnant bowel. Over the last years, the management of affected patients has remarkably improved with the increase in patients' quality of life and survival, mainly thanks to advances in home-based parenteral nutrition (PN). In the last ten years new treatment strategies have become available together with increasing experience and the encouraging results with new drugs, such as teduglutide, have added a new dimension to the management of SBS. This review aims to summarize the knowledge available in the current literature on SBS epidemiology, pathophysiology, and its surgical (including intestinal lengthening procedures and intestinal transplantation) and medical management with emphasis on the recent advances. Moreover, this review attempts to provide the new understanding and recent approaches to SBS complications such as sepsis, catheter thrombosis, and intestinal failure-associated liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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39. Renal safety in 3264 HCV patients treated with DAA-based regimens: Results from a large Italian real-life study.

Author: D'Ambrosio, Roberta, Pasulo, Luisa, Giorgini, Alessia, Spinetti, Angiola, Messina, Emanuela, Fanetti, Ilaria, Puoti, Massimo, Aghemo, Alessio, Viganò, Paolo, Vinci, Maria, Menzaghi, Barbara, Lombardi, Andrea, Pan, Angelo, Pigozzi, Marie Graciella, Grossi, Paolo, Lazzaroni, Sergio, Spinelli, Ombretta, Invernizzi, Pietro, Maggiolo, Franco, and Terreni, Natalia
Abstract: Sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimens have been associated with renal function worsening in HCV patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤ 45 ml/min, but further investigations are lacking. To assess renal safety in a large cohort of DAA-treated HCV patients with any chronic kidney disease (CKD). All HCV patients treated with DAA in Lombardy (December 2014–November 2017) with available kidney function tests during and off-treatment were included. Among 3264 patients [65% males, 67% cirrhotics, eGFR 88 (9–264) ml/min], CKD stage was 3 in 9.5% and 4/5 in 0.7%. 79% and 73% patients received SOF and RBV, respectively. During DAA, eGFR declined in CKD-1 (p < 0.0001) and CKD-2 (p = 0.0002) patients, with corresponding rates of CKD stage reduction of 25% and 8%. Conversely, eGFR improved in lower CKD stages (p < 0.0001 in CKD-3a, p = 0.0007 in CKD-3b, p = 0.024 in CKD-4/5), with 33–45% rates of CKD improvement. Changes in eGFR and CKD distribution persisted at SVR. Baseline independent predictors of CKD worsening at EOT and SVR were age (p < 0.0001), higher baseline CKD stages (p < 0.0001) and AH (p = 0.010 and p < 0.0001, respectively). During DAA, eGFR significantly declined in patients with preserved renal function and improved in those with lower CKD stages, without reverting upon drug discontinuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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40. High prevalence of early atherosclerotic and cardiac damage in patients undergoing liver transplantation: Preliminary results.

Author: Pisano, Giuseppina, Donato, Maria Francesca, Consonni, Dario, Oberti, Giovanna, Borroni, Vittorio, Lombardi, Rosa, Invernizzi, Federica, Bertelli, Cristina, Caccamo, Lucio, Porzio, Marianna, Dondossola, Daniele, Rossi, Giorgio, Fargion, Silvia, and Fracanzani, Anna Ludovica
Abstract: Liver transplanted patients are at high risk of metabolic syndrome and its complications. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the early onset of cardiovascular alterations in patients submitted to the transplant waiting list. From January 2014 to January 2016, 54 out of 79 patients on the waiting list with decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular-carcinoma received the transplant, 50 were followed for 24 months, 2 died post-surgery and 2 were lost to follow-up. A significantly increased prevalence of visceral adiposity (epicardial adipose tissue thickness (p = 0.001) and worsening of carotid damage (p = 0.003) and diastolic dysfunction (E/A p = 0.001) was observed at 6 months after transplant and remained stable at 24 months, corresponding to an increased prevalence of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and dyslipidemia. The duration of steroid therapy, withdrawn in the majority of patients at 3 months, did not influence cardiovascular damage. No significant difference in early progression of cardiovascular damage was observed between patients who did or did not receive a graft with steatosis. The occurrence of early cardiovascular alterations in the first 6 months after OLT accounts for the reported cardiovascular events in the first years after transplant. In light of these results, new strategies aimed at preventing or delaying cardiovascular alterations should be provided, starting from the first weeks after transplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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41. Primary Biliary Cholangitis: advances in management and treatment of the disease

Author: Invernizzi, P, Floreani, A, Carbone, M, Marzioni, M, Craxi, A, Muratori, L, Vespasiani Gentilucci, U, Gardini, I, Gasbarrini, A, Kruger, P, Mennini, F, Ronco, V, Lanati, E, Canonico, P, Alvaro, D, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, CARBONE, MARCO, Alvaro, D., Invernizzi, P, Floreani, A, Carbone, M, Marzioni, M, Craxi, A, Muratori, L, Vespasiani Gentilucci, U, Gardini, I, Gasbarrini, A, Kruger, P, Mennini, F, Ronco, V, Lanati, E, Canonico, P, Alvaro, D, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, CARBONE, MARCO, and Alvaro, D.
Abstract: Primary Biliary Cholangitis, previously known as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, is a rare disease, which mainly affects women in their fifth to seventh decades of life. It is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a progressive damage of interlobular bile ducts leading to ductopenia, chronic cholestasis and bile acids retention. Even if the disease usually presents a long asymptomatic phase and a slow progression, in many patients it may progress faster toward cirrhosis and its complications. The 10 year mortality is greater than in diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus/Hepatitis C Virus coinfection and breast cancer. Ursodeoxycholic acid is the only treatment available today, but even if effective in counteracting the disease progression for the majority of patients, in approximately 40% is not able to decrease effectively the alkaline phosphatase, a surrogate marker of disease activity. Recently, obeticholic acid received the European Medicines Agency conditional approval, as add on treatment in patients non responders or intolerant to ursodeoxycholic acid. The present paper illustrates the opinion of a working group, composed by clinical pharmacologists, gastroenterologists/hepatologists with specific expertise on Primary Biliary Cholangitis and patient associations, on the state of the art and future perspectives of the disease management. The agreement on the document was reached through an Expert Meeting.
Published: 2017

42. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis

Author: Hirschfield, G, Beuers, U, Corpechot, C, Invernizzi, P, Jones, D, Marzioni, M, Schramm, C, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, Schramm, C., Hirschfield, G, Beuers, U, Corpechot, C, Invernizzi, P, Jones, D, Marzioni, M, Schramm, C, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, and Schramm, C.
Abstract: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune cholestatic liver disease, which when untreated will culminate in end-stage biliary cirrhosis. Diagnosis is usually based on the presence of serum liver tests indicative of a cholestatic hepatitis in association with circulating antimitochondrial antibodies. Patient presentation and course can be diverse and risk stratification is important to ensure all patients receive a personalised approach to their care. The goals of treatment and management are the prevention of end-stage liver disease, and the amelioration of associated symptoms. Pharmacologic approaches in practice, to reduce the impact of the progressive nature of disease, currently include licensed therapies (ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid) and off-label therapies (fibric acid derivatives, budesonide). These clinical practice guidelines summarise the evidence for the importance of a structured, life-long and individualised, approach to the care of patients with PBC, providing a framework to help clinicians diagnose and effectively manage patients.
Published: 2017

43. Cholangiocarcinoma stem-like subset shapes tumor-initiating niche by educating associated macrophages

Author: Raggi, C, Correnti, M, Sica, A, Andersen, J, Cardinale, V, Alvaro, D, Chiorino, G, Forti, E, Glaser, S, Alpini, G, Destro, A, Sozio, F, Di Tommaso, L, Roncalli, M, Banales, J, Coulouarn, C, Bujanda, L, Torzilli, G, Invernizzi, P, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, Raggi, C, Correnti, M, Sica, A, Andersen, J, Cardinale, V, Alvaro, D, Chiorino, G, Forti, E, Glaser, S, Alpini, G, Destro, A, Sozio, F, Di Tommaso, L, Roncalli, M, Banales, J, Coulouarn, C, Bujanda, L, Torzilli, G, Invernizzi, P, and INVERNIZZI, PIETRO
Abstract: Background & Aims A therapeutically challenging subset of cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) clinical severity. Presence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has prognostic significance in CCA and other malignancies. Thus, we hypothesized that CSCs may actively shape their tumor-supportive immune niche. Methods CCA cells were cultured in 3D conditions to generate spheres. CCA sphere analysis of in vivo tumorigenic-engraftment in immune-deficient mice and molecular characterization was performed. The in vitro and in vivo effect of CCA spheres on macrophage precursors was tested after culturing healthy donor cluster of differentiation (CD)14+ with CCA-sphere conditioned medium. Results CCA spheres engrafted in 100% of transplanted mice and revealed a significant 20.3-fold increase in tumor-initiating fraction (p = 0.0011) and a sustained tumorigenic potential through diverse xenograft-generations. Moreover, CCA spheres were highly enriched for CSC, liver cancer and embryonic stem cell markers both at gene and protein levels. Next, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that in the presence of CCA sphere conditioned medium, CD14+ macrophages expressed key markers (CD68, CD115, human leukocyte antigen-D related, CD206) indicating that CCA sphere conditioned medium was a strong macrophage-activator. Gene expression profile of CCA sphere activated macrophages revealed unique molecular TAM-like features confirmed by high invasion capacity. Also, freshly isolated macrophages from CCA resections recapitulated a similar molecular phenotype of in vitro-educated macrophages. Consistent with invasive features, the largest CD163+ set was found in the tumor front of human CCA specimens (n = 23) and correlated with a high level of serum cancer antigen 19.9 (n = 17). Among mediators released by CCA spheres, only interleukin (IL)13, IL34 and osteoactivin were detected and further confirmed in CCA patient sera (n = 12). S
Published: 2017

44. Characteristics and medium-term outcomes of a retrospective cohort of patients with non-malignant, non-cirrhotic splanchnic vein thrombosis.

Author: Gallo, C., Manna, M., Cristoferi, L., Malinverno, F., Ratti, L., Gerussi, A., Carbone, M., Invernizzi, P., and Ciaccio, A.
Abstract: Non-malignant, non-cirrhotic splanchnic vein thrombosis (NC-SVT) is an infrequent yet not negligible cause of portal hypertension (PHT). Despite often associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), prothrombotic disorders (PD) or local factors (LF), up to 30% of cases are idiopathic. Long-term management is debated, especially for cases with no underlying factors. To describe the clinical course and management of a single-centre NC-SVT-patients cohort. A retrospective analysis of NC-SVT patients referred to our centre between November 2009 and September 2021, with at least three-months follow-up, was performed. Etiology, thrombosis extension, clinical presentation, and therapeutic strategy at SVT onset were retrieved. After referral, clinical, biochemical, and radiological outcomes were analyzed. A total of 22 NC-SVT patients were included (50% male, mean age at referral 53.1 years). Mean follow-up time was 29 months (10-66). The most frequent cause was MPN (31.2%), followed by LF (27.3%), and PD (13.6%). Most SVT (95.5%) involved the portal vein, six of which with spleno/mesenteric extension. One case had isolated intrahepatic involvement. Seven (15%) presented with PHT-related complications (three ascites, four variceal bleeding) and nine (40.1%) developed esophageal varices. All MPS and PD received long-term anticoagulation, except four cases (three excessive bleeding risk, one patient refusal). Most MPS cases (57%) underwent etiological therapy. Eight patients received beta-blockers at SVT onset, four of which as secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. At referral, beta-blockers were added in two cases with radiological/biochemical evidence of PHT progression. During follow-up, four patients developed esophageal varices, but no PHT-related complications occurred. No significant variation from referral of biochemical parameters (platelet count, coagulation, bilirubin, albumin, aminotransferases) was detected. All SVT (100%) were stable/improved, and spleen length showed no significant variation. A single case of extrasplanchnic thrombosis occurred. We report excellent mid-term outcomes in a well-phenotyped NC-SVT-patients cohort. Additional prospective studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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45. Long-term results from the Italian real-world experience on obeticholic acid treatment in primary biliary cholangitis: The RECAPITULATE study.

Author: Terracciani, F., De Vincentis, A., D'Amato, D., Invernizzi, P., Morgando, A., Vanni, E., Viganò, M., Alvaro, D., Venere, R., Lleo, A., Colapietro, F., Degasperi, E., Viganò, R., Giannini, E.G., Labanca, S., Feletti, V., Mussetto, A., Cozzolongo, R., Losito, F., and Pompili, M.
Abstract: Obeticholic acid (OCA) is the only licensed second-line therapy for PBC patients non-responders/intolerant to UDCA. Real-world experiences on OCA therapy are somehow limited by reduced sample sizes and short follow-up. Aim of the RECAPITULATE study is to provide long-term real-world data on OCA therapy in a large Italian cohort of patients with PBC. Data on patients in OCA therapy from centres belonging to "Italian PBC registry", "CLEO/AIGO", "Sicilian PBC Network" and "PBC Project Piemonte-Liguria-Valle-D'Aosta" were captured. Cumulative incidences of OCA response and discontinuation were evaluated through Aalen-Johansen (taking into account the competing risk of discontinuation) and Kaplan-Meier estimators, respectively. 441 PBC patients (median age 58, women 88%) on OCA therapy for at least 6 months were enrolled from 50 Italian centres, with a median time on OCA therapy of 24 months (IQR 12-36, max 48). Cirrhotics were 152 (34%), PBC/autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) overlap were 59 (13%). According to POISE, response probabilities were 37.5/43.5/47.2% at 12/24/36 months. Discontinuation probabilities were 12.8/17.7/22.9% at 12/24/36 months, with pruritus (41 patients, 48%) and hepatic events (18 patients, 21%) as leading causes. In cirrhotics, probabilities of response were lower (25.9/27.7/34.8% at 12/24/36 months; p<0.01 Vs non-cirrhotics), due to higher discontinuation rates (19.9/27.6/34.6% at 12/24/36 months; p<0.01 Vs non-cirrhotics), while patients with PBC/AIH overlap did not show significantly different probabilities of response and discontinuation (p=0.20). Results of Vibration-Controlled-Transient-Elastography (VCTE) were available from 309/114/69 patients at 0/12/24 months. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was stable at 12 months in both OCA responders and non-responders, while a significant reduction was observed at 24 months only in responders (p=0.01). Our results confirm long-term efficacy and safety of OCA therapy in a large real-world cohort of PBC patients. These first results concerning LSM variation over time under OCA treatment need to be confirmed in a larger subgroup of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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46. The enigmatic immunoglobulin G4-related disease: A single-centre experience.

Author: Stegagnini, M., Cristoferi, L., Gallo, C., Carbone, M., Invernizzi, P., and Massironi, S.
Abstract: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (RD) is an immune-mediated disease, characterized by fibrosis and inflammatory pseudotumors. It affects multiple organs, being pancreas (P) and hepatobiliary tree (HB) the main targets. The diagnosis is usually complex, and the clinical manifestations provide the treatment indication. Our aim was to study the clinical, radiological, and histological behavior of a cohort of patients with IgG4-RD. A retrospective analysis of IgG4-RD patients prospectively collected between May 2012 and October 2022 was performed. Clinical, serologic, radiologic, and histopathologic data were collected, together with therapeutic strategy. A total of 13 IgG4- RD patients were included (84.6% male, 65.8 years). Twelve had HB involvement. Eight had both P and HB involvement, 2 of whom also had other organs (lacrimal and salivary glands, lungs). One patient had isolated P. The main clinical manifestation was cholestasis (92.3%), followed by cholangitis (53.8%) and pancreatic pain (53.8%). Circulating IgG4 levels were high in all tested patients (10 of 13), but above 4ULN in only 2. Two of the 9 patients with P involvement developed diabetes. Liver or pancreas biopsy was performed in 6 patients, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate was the most common finding. Of these, IgG4 immunohistochemistry was performed in 4 patients, 2 of whom were above the 10/HPF diagnostic cutoff. The most common CT-scan/MRI finding was swollen pancreas, followed by biliary tract irregularities. One P and 1 HB pseudotumors, but no malignancies were described. Mean delay in diagnosis was 6 months (1-48). Eleven patients were treated with steroids, with good response. Of them, 3 patients were switched to azathioprine maintenance therapy. One steroid-refractory patient received rituximab. Despite the limited number of patients, this study confirms the heterogeneity of IgG4- RD manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and response to therapy. Further studies are needed to better understand this enigmatic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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47. Prediction of response to obeticholic acid in primary biliary cholangitis: Development and validation of the OCA response score (ORS).

Author: De Vincentis, A., Terracciani, F., D'Amato, D., Invernizzi, P., Morgando, A., Vanni, E., Viganò, M., Alvaro, D., Venere, R., Lleo, A., Colapietro, F., Degasperi, E., Viganò, R., Giannini, E.G., Labanca, S., Feletti, V., Mussetto, A., Cozzolongo, R., Losito, F., and Pompili, M.
Abstract: Obeticholic acid (OCA) is the approved second-line treatment for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Biochemical response by POISE criteria is achieved in ∼40% of patients, according to registrative and post-marketing studies. To derive the OCA response score (ORS) for predicting response to OCA at 12 and 24 months, according to the POISE (alkaline phosphatase(ALP)/upper limit of normal(ULN) <1.67 with a reduction of at least 15%, and a normal bilirubin) and ALP/ULN<1.67 criteria. We used the Italian RECAPITULATE database including centers from Italian PBC Registry, the Sicilian PBC Network, the PBC Project Piemonte-Liguria-Valle D'Aosta and CLEO/AIGO PBC study group. Multivariable Cox's regressions with backward selection method were applied to obtain parsimonious predictive models, including pre-treatment variables and/or the change of ALP/ULN and total bilirubin after 6 months' therapy. Discrimination and calibration were evaluated by c-statistics and comparing observed and predicted probabilities, and internally validated with bootstrap resampling procedure. 441 PBC patients (median age 58, women 88%, cirrhosis 34%, median follow-up 24 months) with at least 6 months' observation after of OCA prescription, were included for ORS derivation. The observed 12 and 24 months' response probabilities were 38% , 47% for POISE and 58%, 67% for ALP/ULN<1.67 criteria. A score including age, pre-treatment pruritus, cirrhosis, ALP/ULN, GGT/ULN and bilirubin (ORS), and one that includes also the relative change of ALP/ULN and total bilirubin after 6 months (ORS+), showed good discrimination for response by POISE (c-statistics=0.76 and 0.84, for ORS and ORS+, respectively) and by ALP/ULN<1.67 (c-statistics=0.78 and 0.89, for ORS and ORS+, respectively). Bootstrap validation evidenced modest overfitting (slopes>0.90) and consistent discriminative performance. Mean absolute errors <0.04 were observed for prediction of POISE and ALP/ULN<1.67 response at 24 months according to ORS and ORS+. The ORS accurately predicts OCA response at 12 and 24 months. This will enable to enhance allocation of second-line therapies in PBC with a personalised medicine approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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48. Tackling the diversity of breast cancer related lymphedema: Perspectives on diagnosis, risk assessment, and clinical management.

Author: Michelotti, Anna, Invernizzi, Marco, Lopez, Gianluca, Lorenzini, Daniele, Nesa, Francesco, De Sire, Alessandro, and Fusco, Nicola
Subjects: BREAST cancer
Abstract: Abstract Breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) develops as a consequence of surgical treatment and/or radiation therapy in a significant number of breast cancer patients. The etiology of this condition is multifactorial and has not yet been completely elucidated. Risk factors include high body mass index, radical surgical procedures (i.e. mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection), number of lymph nodes removed and number of metastatic lymph nodes, as well as nodal radiation, and chemotherapy. However, these predisposing factors explain only partially the BCRL occurrence, suggesting the possible involvement of individual determinants. Despite the implementation of conservative approaches, BCRL still remains in a proportion of cases an incurable and progressive condition with major physical and psychological implications. To date, diagnostic methods and staging systems lack uniformity, leading to a possible underestimation of the real incidence of this condition, decreasing early detection and thus the possibility of an effective treatment. Several preventive and therapeutic options are available, both conservative and surgical, but are not included in a standardized intervention protocol, tailored on patient's specific characteristics. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-knowledge of BCRL management, novel advantages in the assessment of pre-operative evaluation and risk prediction and discuss strengths and weaknesses of diagnostic and treatment strategies currently accessible in clinical practice. Highlights • The etiology and risk factors of BCRL has not yet been completely elucidated. • Diagnostic methods, staging systems, follow-up schemes lack uniformity. • Several preventive and therapeutic options are available but are not included in a standardized intervention protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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49. AISF position paper on liver disease and pregnancy

Author: Morisco, F, Bruno, R, Bugianesi, E, Burra, P, Calvaruso, V, Cannoni, A, Caporaso, N, Caviglia, G, Ciancio, A, Fargion, S, Federico, A, Floreani, A, Gaeta, G, Guarino, M, Invernizzi, P, Licata, A, Loguercio, C, Mazzella, G, Petraglia, F, Primignani, M, Rodriguez Castro, K, Smedile, A, Valenti, L, Vanni, E, Vannuccini, S, Voltolini, C, Villa, E, Caviglia, GP, Gaeta, GB, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, Villa, E., Morisco, F, Bruno, R, Bugianesi, E, Burra, P, Calvaruso, V, Cannoni, A, Caporaso, N, Caviglia, G, Ciancio, A, Fargion, S, Federico, A, Floreani, A, Gaeta, G, Guarino, M, Invernizzi, P, Licata, A, Loguercio, C, Mazzella, G, Petraglia, F, Primignani, M, Rodriguez Castro, K, Smedile, A, Valenti, L, Vanni, E, Vannuccini, S, Voltolini, C, Villa, E, Caviglia, GP, Gaeta, GB, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, and Villa, E.
Abstract: The relationship between liver disease and pregnancy is of great clinical impact. Severe liver disease in pregnancy is rare; however, pregnancy-related liver disease is the most frequent cause of liver dysfunction during pregnancy and represents a severe threat to foetal and maternal survival. A rapid differential diagnosis between liver disease related or unrelated to pregnancy is required in women who present with liver dysfunction during pregnancy. This report summarizes the recommendation of an expert panel established by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF) on the management of liver disease during pregnancy. The article provides an overview of liver disease occurring in pregnancy, an update on the key mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis, and an assessment of the available treatment options. The report contains in three sections: (1) specific liver diseases of pregnancy; (2) liver disease occurring during pregnancy; and (3) pregnancy in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease. Each topic is discussed considering the most relevant data available in literature; the final statements are formulated according to both scientific evidence and clinical expertise of the involved physicians, and the AISF expert panel recommendations are reported.
Published: 2016

50. Novel therapeutics for primary biliary cholangitis: Toward a disease-stage-based approach

Author: Mousa, H, Carbone, M, Malinverno, F, Ronca, V, Gershwin, M, Invernizzi, P, CARBONE, MARCO, MALINVERNO, FEDERICA, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, Mousa, H, Carbone, M, Malinverno, F, Ronca, V, Gershwin, M, Invernizzi, P, CARBONE, MARCO, MALINVERNO, FEDERICA, and INVERNIZZI, PIETRO
Abstract: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC; previously “primary biliary cirrhosis”) is a cholestatic, putatively autoimmune-mediated liver disease with a clear female preponderance affecting the intrahepatic small and medium-size bile ducts and resulting in bile duct destruction, ductopenia and portal fibrosis that progresses slowly to biliary cirrhosis. Despite suboptimal response in one third of patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), this remains the only FDA-approved agent for this disease. In this review, we cover recent advances in research that have yielded numerous agents currently at different stages of the drug pipeline, some of which are expected to be approved in the near future. We also discuss accumulating evidence supporting the use of older agents (fibrates and glucocorticoids) as an adjunctive therapy to UDCA in non-responsive patients. We suggest that with the imminent expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium for PBC, a more comprehensive approach – ideally taking into account not only biochemical markers of disease stage – is needed to better select patients in whom these strategies might be most useful. Studies are also needed to compare the relative efficacy of different proposed second-line treatments not only against UDCA monotherapy.
Published: 2016

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